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This book provides an important introduction to basic mathematical skills for a wide range of readers. It is written and designed to ease the readerUs fear of math while building essential skills necessary for success. KEY TOPICS: Written in concise, straightforward English, this book provides a solid foundation in mathematics that will allow readers to move up to more advanced math. Focusing on concepts as well as practical, everyday applications of the concepts, the book gives readers a sense of how math is useful in their own lives. It presents information gradually and logically along with extensive explanations and numerous opportunities for practice through sample problems and solution steps.An essential reference in basic math for every adult. ... Read more

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"The Brain- From Fuzzy Arithmetic to Quantum Computing" presents an original and astounding new understanding of the brain by taking into account novel achievements in Fuzziness and Quantum Information Theory. Bringing together Neuroscience, Soft Computing, Quantum Theory, and recent developments in mathematics the actual knowledge about the brain functioning is formalized into a coherent theoretical framework. This monograph develops new and powerful neural models providing formal descriptions of biochemical transactions in the brain to guide neuroscience experiments and to better interpret their results. This book demonstrates how the physiology of the neuron can be understood based on the fundamentals of fuzzy formal languages and introduces the basics of quantum computation and quantum information to the brain.

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Clear, rigorous definitions of mathematical terms are crucial to good scientific and technical writing-and to understanding the writings of others. Scientists, engineers, mathematicians, economists, technical writers, computer programmers, along with teachers, professors, and students, all have the need for comprehensible, working definitions of mathematical expressions. To meet that need, CRC Press proudly introduces its Dictionary of Algebra, Arithmetic, and Trigonometry- the second published volume in the CRC Comprehensive Dictionary of Mathematics. More than three years in development, top academics and professionals from prestigious institutions around the world bring you more than 2,800 detailed definitions, written in a clear, readable style, complete with alternative meanings, and related references.From Abelian cohomology to zero ring and from the very basic to the highly advanced, this unique lexicon includes terms associated with arithmetic, algebra, and trigonometry, with natural overlap into geometry,topology, and other related areas.Accessible yet rigorous, concise but comprehensive, the Dictionary of Algebra, Arithmetic, and Trigonometry is your key to accuracy in writing or understanding scientific, engineering, and mathematical literature. ... Read more

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Obtain better system performance, lower energy consumption, and avoid hand-coding arithmetic functions with this concise guide to automated optimization techniques for hardware and software design. High-level compiler optimizations and high-speed architectures for implementing FIR filters are covered, which can improve performance in communications, signal processing, computer graphics, and cryptography. Clearly explained algorithms and illustrative examples throughout make it easy to understand the techniques and write software for their implementation. Background information on the synthesis of arithmetic expressions and computer arithmetic is also included, making the book ideal for newcomers to the subject. This is an invaluable resource for researchers, professionals, and graduate students working in system level design and automation, compilers, and VLSI CAD. ... Read more

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This work applies stability properties of the dual of a certain arithmetic operator to study the correlation of multiplicative arithmetic functions. The literature of number theory contains very little concerning such correlations despite their direct connection with the problem of prime pairs and Goldbach's conjecture concerning the representation of even integers as the sum of two primes. Elliott aims for a result of wide uniformity under very weak hypotheses. The uniformity obtained here enables a comprehensive investigation of the value distribution of sums of additive arithmetic functions on distinct arithmetic progressions. The underlying argument, which Elliott calls the method of the stable dual, has received no unified account in the literature. A short overview of the method, with historical remarks, is presented. The principal results presented here are all new and currently beyond the reach of any other method. ... Read more

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EXAMBUSTERS Study Cards printed/boxed or on CD-Rom are specifically designed for exam preparation: AP, PSAT, New SAT, SAT II, ACT, PRAXIS, PPSAT, New GRE, GED, New GMAT, New MCAT, CLEP, ASVAB, New York State Regents, HSPT, COOP, SSAT, ISEE, and classroom quizzes, tests, and finals. Each EXAMBUSTERS Study Card title provides a concise, focused review of course material. Only essential facts and formulas are presented. We cover many introductory high school and college courses, and our titles are approved by the New York City Board of Education.

Why are Study Cards the best way to learn?
Because we learn most effectively when we can:
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High school teachers, test prep coaches, language experts, professional interpreters and translators, and college professors, with a focus on preparing students for standardized tests such as the AP, New SAT, SAT II, PRAXIS, GRE, GED, GMAT, MCAT, ACT, CLEP, and many others. Each Course in a Box or Course on CD-Rom covers the basics of a full year introductory course. EXAMBUSTERS Study Cards focus only on essential facts, definitions, and formulas. The flash cards were designed to help students learn and review courses efficiently.

What is the advantage of flash card study over textbooks and review books?
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Who has benefitted from our study cards?
* high school and college students
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What is special about EXAMBUSTERS Study Cards on CD-Rom?
Cutting edge. . . the only series of its kind. User-friendly software--simple for all ages to explore. Study cards are displayed on the screen, one at a time, and can be eliminated from the stack just like printed cards. Our Screensaver Mode displays a new question and answer every few seconds in random order. Learn subliminally! Finally, our test mode randomly selects questions to create a quiz, mid-term, or final--your choice--a new test every time. The EXAMBUSTERS software program keeps track of the test time limit and grades you at test completion. Grades are stored in a table on the help menu so you can track your progress.

What are the computer system requirements for EXAMBUSTERS Study Cards on CD-Rom?
At least 500 MHZ processor, Intel Pentium II (or equivalent), 128 MB of RAM, 400 MB of disk space. Microsoft Windows XP or VISTA operating system, 2x CD-ROM drive, 256-color SVGA monitor: minimum resolution 800 x 600. Not compatible with Macintosh. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (10)

Slips of paper
I have no complaint with the content, but just note, these are not "cards" but slips of paper.

CLASSROOM AID -- Liked the software.
My students love them. We use them in class for group study and a jeopardy/trivia game. They're good review before finals and good preview for upcoming lessons. Exambusters cover the basics in an unconfusing format. In our learning center, we use the software. It's easy to figure out. Just click around and all the functions are clear. Students can remove cards they know or don't need from a virtual stack of cards, the same as if they had index cards printed. The screensaver helped with vocabulary study especially. The computer test was different each time and no matter how many times it was taken. There are three lengths to choose from, quiz, mid-term, and final.

Good Reinforcement
Try these first to review math and/or vocabulary you haven't seen for awhile. Just the basics are presented and I found I already knew some of the answers, but other times, the cards filled in the gaps. That's what's good about flash cards, you can pull out the ones you don't need. Can't do that with a work book unless you want to rip out some pages and use a lot of white out!! The software and the cards were both helpful; the same information in two different forms. Thanks, Exambusters. You've covered it all and given me more confidence!

USED CARDS WITH ALL MY CHILDREN
Helpful to my four children in junior high and high school. They have most courses and also the tests like SAT, SSAT, AP. Easy to use and fun (which is saying a lot when your kid would rather be out with friends than studying!)

Focused studying. Photo sign language cards are helpful.
I've tried several courses: math, science, history and language. My kids especially love the Sign Language cards! I purchased all three card sets and the CD-software. The photographs are more realistic than drawings which you mostly find in ASL products. Great for younger kids too. My daughter's using them in her Brownie troupe and my three-year-old has picked up on some of the alphabet and numbers already. My older son has some mild learning disabilities and looking at a page in a book with so much information all together makes him nervous. I put one card at a time on a cleared table. It helps him focus and that gives him more confidence. People have been making or using flash cards forever, and I think they always will be no matter how fancy computers and software gets (but the Exambusters software is good too). I've recommended them to others. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (7)

Inspiring and foundational
I'm a self-directed learner and had been struggling with generating interest in mathematics for some time. I had bought this book in the hopes that it would bridge my love and interest in logic with a new found interest in mathematics. It did exactly that.

Foundations of Arithmetic
This subtitle, "A Logico-mathematical Enquiry into the Concept of Number," indicates very well the nature of the work.The first three quarters of the book are devoted to a critical analysis of the idea of previous writers (Kant, Leibnitz, Grassmann, Mill, Lipschitz, Hankel, Jevons, Cantor, Schröder, Hobbers, Hume, and others) on the subject of number, and Frege does not find the ideas of any of these philosophers and mathematicians entirely satisfactory.His conclusions is "that a statement of a number contains an assertion about a concept," and his definition of number is: The number which belongs to the concept F is the extension of the concept "equal to the concept F."

Frege regards the number zero as belonging to to the "natural" or "counting" numbers, whereas we subscribe to the view that zero is not a counting number at all (the first of the counting numbers being 1) and is only properly used when we regard a number as a "relative-magnitude," zero being the relative-magnitude of two equal counting numbers.

This work of Frege's has considerable historical interest as a forerunner of the work of Whitehead and Russell.The translation is excellent and the printing leaves nothing to be desired.

The first escape from the Elencus...
You know how _frustrating_ it is, reading a platonic dialog? Some question like "What is virtue?" or "What is justice" is asked, and Socretes goes on for pages showing that the so-called "experts" don't have a clue about what it really is?

But what's _really_ frustrating is that you're all expecting, at the end of the dialog, after following a hard line of argument, that you'll be rewarded with THE definitivie definition of 'virtue' or 'justice' or whatever--only to be disapointed.All you get in the end is a new appreciation of your own hopeless ignorance...

...well, imagine a platonic dialog which started the same as any other platonic dialog, but with the question "What is a number?"Only this time, at the end of the dialog, you actually get an answer to the question?

In retrospect, its pretty amazing that Plato didn't write a Socratic dialog concerned with the question "What is number?'After all, Plato considered numbers more real than physical objects, and people like the Pythagorians were going around claiming that everything _was_ made out of numbers.But what the heck _is_ a number, anyways?

Perhaps the reason was that everybody thought they already understood what numbers were.But Frege, like Socretes before him, realized that this so-called knowledge was really just a collective ignorance.So Frege starts out this book with a thorough, merciless review of what his coleages and predicessors were saying about what numbers were, showing that they ranged from cocksure to confused, from pompously-wrongheaded to just plain silly.

But then Frege does something really amazing--for the first time in history, he goes on give a real answer to the question "what are numbers?"Building on the work of Hume, he gives a sustained argument now known as "Frege's theorem" which shows how numbers can be grounded on an understanding of one-to-one correspondence.

Unfortunately, this work had to wait almost a century for the rest of us to really catch up to its significance.Russell found a contradiction in the arguments presented here, and for the next 80 years attention shifted elsewhere.But first Charles Parsons, in 1964, and then Crispen Wright and others in the 80's and 90's begain to realize that Frege's theorem could be reconstructed without the paradox.This sparked a whole flurry of neo-Fregean studies which is one of the most active branches of analytic philosophy today.

This revival means that Frege's importance, and the importance of reading and comming to grips with the arguments presented by Frege in this book, are going to continue to grow.Although tragically Frege didn't live to see the day, we now realize that the line of reasoning he followed in this book was one of those signature moments in human history, every bit as profound as the invention of the wheel or the discovery of the pythagorian theorem--it was the moment where, for the first time ever, the question "what the heck _are_ numbers, anyways?" got a real answer.

Frege, You're Not Supposed To Have...
*The Foundations of Arithmetic*, one of the most durable works of philosophy of mathematics ever produced, is something of a curiosity as presented by J.L. Austin (who translated the work for the use of an Oxford undergraduate course); and perhaps Frege's platonism got the best of Austin, and this work is really just as , well, Kantian as it appears, "a good sight" more Kantian than "standard" Frege is typically allowed to be.Frege's definition of number in terms of equipollence (one-one correspondence of sets) is legendary: that is to say, it is traditionally understood to do a great deal more work than the "thin" version allowed by mathematical logic as reconstructed to avoid Russell's paradox.

But here Frege's work-up of the concept for a general readership is so "genteel" as to suggest that this may not in fact be the case, and that Frege actually partook more heavily of Neo-Kantian bromides than his *theory of arithmetic* suggests; to wit, that this theory was always intended to be situated within a general philosophy of mathematics obeying the strictures of reasoning involving Kantian "intuition" (as is typically said of Frege's last efforts in the field).As such, it would be unfortunate that we cannot effectively read this book (formerly available *en face*, and unfortunately much the worse for the original's omission) in conjunction with its contemporary geometrical counterpart: long out of print, rarely making its way into the philosophical Frege literature, and perhaps in all parts an *anticipatory* if "crochety" rebuke to Hilbertian formalism.

Perhaps Frege was to a certain extent wholly other than the mathematics of his time; perhaps we are not well-served by a Frege "out of time"; we certainly have one of the great prose stylists of English on hand here, and perhaps it would actually do to consider his aptitude for "gold" extraction here as a clue to puzzling out the rest of Frege -- a figure supremely unconcerned with sameness of meaning, and already owing a certain debt to those para-philosophical figures all his work is at cross-purposes with (the German '70s having been quite a time indeed).A great help to understanding number theory, a marvelous thing for a library to have.

Excellent work
His conclusion (p.99e) is that the laws of arithmetic are analytic judgements and consequently a priori.

Note that he is very consistently hard on Mill.

Some interesting quotes: p. 115e #106. "...number is neither a collection of things nor a property of such, yet at the same time is not a subjective product of mental processes either, we concluded that a statement of number asserts something objective of a concept.

... (p. 116e) We next laid down the fundamental principle that we must never try to define the meaning of a word in isolation, but only as it is used in the context of a proposition: only by adhering to this can we, as I believe, avoid a physical view of it.

#107. (p.117e) "A recognition statement must always have a sense." ... Read more

Product Description

This volume is a window on a period of rich and illuminating philosophical activity that has been rendered generally inaccessible by the supposed "revolution" attributed to "Analytic Philosophy" so-called. Careful exposition and critique is given to every serious alternative account of number and number relations available at the time.

Customer Reviews (1)

Working With Numbers, The Best "How To" Arithmetic Primer
This book shows you how to do the problems with several examples and a practice section with answers in the back of the book.Most people can do the basics but forgot the rules.this book explains them in easy to follow format.A must for the mathmatically challenged, essential to the struggling student.It's truly math made easy. ... Read more

Product Description
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process.We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process.We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
Title: Easy Mathematics; Or, Arithmetic and Algebra for General Readers, Being an Elementary Treatise Addressed to Teachers, Parents, Self-Taught Students and AdultsPublisher: London, MacmillanPublication date: 1910Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teachingNotes: This is an OCR reprint. There may be numerous typos or missing text. There are no illustrations or indexes.When you buy the General Books edition of this book you get free trial access to Million-Books.com where you can select from more than a million books for free. You can also preview the book there. ... Read more