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Fossil Fuels General:     more books (100)

1994 Annual Book of Astm Standards: Section 5 : Petroleum Products, Lubricants, and Fossil Fuels : Volume 05.04 : Test Methods for Rating Motor, Die (Annual ... of a S T M Standards Volume 0504) (Vol 05) Energy from Fossil Fuels (Essential Energy/2nd Edition) by Robert Snedden, 2005-09-15 Island Planet: A Survival Guide for The End of The Fossil Fuel World by Matthew Henley, 2005-06-06 The 2009-2014 World Outlook for Fossil Fuel-Powered Electric Power Generation by Icon Group, 2008-09-26 Environmental Challenges and Greenhouse Gas Control for Fossil Fuel Utilization in the 21st Century Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Fossil Fuels: An Experimental Approach by David E. Axelson, 1985-05 Fossil Fuels Utilization: Environmental Concerns (Acs Symposium Series) by Richard Markuszewski, 1986-09 Fossil Fuel Power (Let's Discuss Energy Resources) by Richard Spilsbury, Louise Spilsbury, 2010-09-09 Fossil Fuels (Energy Choices - Macmillan Library) by Julie Richards, 2009-04-10 Is There a Future for Fossil Fuels? (Energy Revolution) by Ellen Rodger, 2010-01-15 Crisis energetica/ Energy Crisis: El Futuro De Los Combustibles Fosiles/ the Future of Fossil Fuels (Historietas Juveniles: Peligros Del Medio Ambiente/ ... Environmental Dangers) (Spanish Edition) by Daniel R. Faust, 2009-04-30 Energy Crisis: The Future of Fossil Fuels (JR. Graphic Environmental Dangers) by Daniel R. Faust, 2009-01 Fossil Fuels (What If We Do Nothing?) by Jacqueline Laks Gorman, 2009-01 The Deep Hot Biosphere: The Myth of Fossil Fuels by Thomas Gold, 1998-11-06

lists with details

61. An Introduction To Renewable Energy :: Green Nature ::
    of renewable energy must first deal with the more general concept, energy Overwhelmingly,fossil fuels, coal, oil and natural gas have been the fuels of choice  
    http://greennature.com/article8.html
    
    Extractions: Wind Any discussion of renewable energy must first deal with the more general concept, energy. The term is often used quite loosely in everyday conversation. For example, we speak of ourselves or others as folks who need energy just to get out of the bed in the morning or kids who are 'bundles of energy". Everyday living aside, the concept of energy also has a technical side and science commonly represents it abstractly, referring to it as an ability to perform work. From an even more technical scientific starting point, the first law of thermodynamics states, "In all physical and chemical changes, energy is neither created nor destroyed, but may be converted from one form to another." Using science as a starting point, energy can be defined as things around us that change forms in order to perform a task.

62. OECD Observer: Diversity Is Key To Sustainable Energy
    Luis Echavarri, Director general of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, said nuclearenergy fact, if nuclear energy had to be substituted with fossil fuels, the CO2  
    http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/465/Diversity_is_key_to_susta
    
    Extractions: Not only are fossil fuels still the world’s most important energy source, but our dependence on them continues to increase. By 2020, the date set in the latest energy outlook updates, fossil fuels will constitute 90% of world energy. This was the gloomy reality presented by moderator Kenneth Lay at a roundtable discussion on fueling sustainable development at the OECD’s Forum 2001 on Tuesday, May 15. “CO2 emissions for the next 20 years will have increased by 2% a year … and will reach a level of 60%, or 13.7 billion tonnes a year. This is a higher rate than in the past, and is hardly moving us closer to sustainable energy”, Kenneth Lay pointed out in his introduction, reminding us that hydropower and renewable energies together represent only 4.8% of the world energy market. Kurt Yeager, CEO, Electric Power Research Institute, presented the “sustainability challenge” facing the OECD nations, which represent only 7% of the world’s population. Energy production, he said, is confronted with a “trilemma” of three components: the quadrupling of the world’s population over the past century, economic development and the environment.

63. Church Of The Brethren Statement On Global Climate Change
    THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Church of the Brethren general Board, meeting USshould move beyond its dependence on high carbon fossil fuels that produce  
    http://www.webofcreation.org/ncc/statements/cob.html
    
    Extractions: Church of the Brethren Statement on Global Climate Change The threat to creation by global warming/climate change is a cause for concern for everyone on the planet, but for Christians the issue is more than a matter of self preservation; it is a matter of faithfulness. Throughout its history, the Church of the Brethren has been concerned with good stewardship of God's creation. We are increasingly aware of the interrelatedness of all life. We acknowledge that energy use is linked to the ecological crisis facing the Earth, the health consequences for us and future generations, and spiritual well-being in relation to other species and our Creator. Climate change is an issue of justice. The industrialized nations, representing less than 20 percent of the world's population, are responsible for 75 to 80 percent of the annual greenhouse gas emissions. Yet those who live in poor and developing countries will be most seriously affected by global warming. A major challenge facing humankind is an equitable standard of living for this and future generations: adequate food, water, energy, safe shelter and a healthy environment. Human-induced climate change, along with land degradation, loss of biological diversity, and stratospheric ozone depletion, threatens our ability to meet these basic human needs.

64. The OPET Network - OPET Success Stories
    Who's Who? OPET Communications Calendar of Events Publications. general,Renewable Energy Sources, Rational Use of Energy, fossil fuels. general.  
    http://www.cordis.lu/opet/src/success.htm

65. Renewable Energy
    these processes like cogeneration and waste combustion - fossil fuels are used EnergyConsumption by fuels in the EU MORE INFORMATION ABOUT ENERGY IN general.  
    http://www.climnet.org/publicawareness/renewable facts.htm
    
    Extractions: CAN Europe homepage Back to intro "What YOU can do" page Renewable Energy Information Energy Sources Consumption More than half of the electricity generated in the EU comes from the fossil fuels of coal, oil and gas which cause serious environmental damage and emit carbon dioxide - the main cause of the greenhouse effect. Around one third of EU electricity is generated in nuclear power plants which create their own problems of waste disposal and the possibility of nuclear accidents. Renewable energy sources - such as wind, water, sun - don't emit greenhouse gases and they're not limited. Using renewable energy sources means to use natural cycles like the movement of water, the wind and the sun (which are moving, blowing, shining anyway) to produce energy. It means also to produce energy without destroying the environment, without causing cancer through atomic radiation or asthma through emissions, without exploiting natural resources Energy produced by the use of renewable sources is often called green energy. Green energy is a general term for renewable energy that private persons and companies buy from their energy supplier. At the moment, green energy refers to electricity from renewable energy sources. However, in the future it may be possible to buy 'green gas' or 'green heat' General information about green electricity in the UK, Netherlands, Sweden and Belgium:

66. The Nanotechnology Opportunity Report (TM)
    electronic copies of Nanocatalysis and fossil fuels at $2995 Name * Address Cool SiteAward Open Directory Project, Nano Intro general Directories Specialty  
    http://www.cientifica.com/cientifica/frameworks/generic/public_users/NOR/Reports
    
    Extractions: I wish to order: print copies of Nanocatalysis and Fossil Fuels at $1495 electronic copies of Nanocatalysis and Fossil Fuels at $2995 Name * Address * Town/City * Zip/Post Code * Country * Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Côte d'Ivoire Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau

67. General Motors To Offer Hybrid Power In Cars, Pickups, SUVs Over Next Four Years
    signs yet that hybrid cars may be going mainstream, general Motors Corp viewed bythe industry and environmentalists as a possible alternative to fossil fuels.  
    http://www.auto.com/2003show/iwirc6_20030106.htm
    
    Extractions: Auto show news News Industry news Reuters auto wire AP business wire ... Review index Auto shows 2002 Chicago show 2002 Detroit show 2001 Frankfurt show 2001 New York show Services Handheld edition SEC filings Used car prices from Kelley Blue Book Buy a car ... Other car sites January 6, 2003 BY JOHN PORRETTO ASSOCIATED PRESS In one of the clearest signs yet that hybrid cars may be going mainstream, General Motors Corp. plans to offer a variety of the gas-and-electric powered vehicles over the next four years. The plan by the world's biggest automaker, to be announced Monday, includes hybrid models for cars, pickups and sports utility vehicles. GM's new strategy sends a clear signal that auto executives are starting to consider energy-efficient hybrids as potentially viable offerings to the mainstream motoring public. Hybrids draw power from two different energy sources, typically a gas or diesel engine combined with an electric motor. While environmentally friendly and fuel efficient, their high cost has prevented them from finding more than a niche market. For now, the only versions available in the United States are small cars made by Honda Motor Co. and Toyota Motor Corp.

68. Ansidocstore: Department: 'ASTM International: Petroleum Products, Lubricants, A
    ASTM International Petroleum Products, Lubricants, and fossil fuels Vapor Contentof Gaseous fuels by Measurement of in Petroleum Products (general Bomb Method  
    http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/dept.asp?dept_id=1585

69. Energy Fossil Fuels
    _ fossil fuels are depleted at a rate that is 100,000 times fasterthan they are formed. general Energy Facts Department of Energy 1994.  
    http://users.rcn.com/agnews/EnergyFossilFuels.htm
    
    Extractions: defaultStatus="Point to a link at left to view summary info here..." Please read the Acid rain starts as burning coal and oil releases sulfur and nitrogen, which combines with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Once in the atmosphere, these compounds transform into sulfuric and nitric acids. These acids then fall to earth as acid rain. In extreme circumstances, these compounds turn rain as acidic as vinegar. In Wheeling, West Virginia, rain has been found as acidic as battery acid. Acid rain has damaged wide expanses of forest far from polluting factories or electrical utilities. Besides directly causing the crowns of trees to thin and leaves to drop prematurely, acid rain undermines the health of trees by entering soils and leaching out vital nutrients. In Eastern Europe, air pollution from fossil fuels has damaged 475,000 square kilometers of forest, an area larger than the state of California. Acidic cloud cover over the eastern United States has reduced growth rates and increased mortality rates in high elevation red spruce forests. Population and Energy, by Michael Weber Acid rain can greatly affect fish and other aquatic organisms. Even slightly acidic water dissolves heavy metals including aluminum that reduce the intake of oxygen by fish. Changed water chemistry can also reduce the reproductive success of fish, whose eggs are extremely susceptible to such changes. Population and Energy, by Michael Weber

70. GM Ability - Environment
    alternative energy technologies in a world of abundant fossil fuels; the great publicprivatecollaboration of the federal government and general Motors, Ford  
    http://www.gm.com/company/gmability/environment/gm_and_the_env/speeches/smith_fu
    
    Extractions: GM Brand Web Sites Automotive Buick Cadillac Chevrolet GMC GM Canada GM Certified Used GM Defense GM Fleet Holden HUMMER Oldsmobile Opel Pontiac Saab Saturn Vauxhall Companies ACDelco Allison Transmission DirecPC DirecTV Electro-Motive Hughes Genuine GM Parts GMAC GMAC Bank GM Card GM Goodwrench Service GM Mobility GM XM Radio OnStar Powertrain GM Network Fiat Fuji/Subaru Isuzu Suzuki GM Powered Duramax Hydra-matic Northstar Vortec outputMenu("blue","Company","co"); outputMenu("green","Automotive","auto"); outputMenu("orange","BeyondAuto","beyauto");

71. PC(USA) 211th G.A. Overture 99-70
    and expansion of solar alternatives to fossil fuels. 3. Direct the PresbyterianCenter in Louisville and all other properties of the general Assembly to  
    http://www.pcusa.org/ga211/ovt99/ovt99-70.htm
    
    Extractions: Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) Previous Overture Overture Index 211th G.A. Directory Next Overture The Presbytery of Susquehanna Valley respectfully overtures the 211th General Assembly (1999) of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) to take the following actions: Call again upon the United States Senate to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, and to remind the president and the Congress of the special moral responsibility of the U.S., as the leading emitter of greenhouse gases, to lead the world in reducing emissions and to assist poor countries to achieve energy sufficiency in ecologically responsible ways. Urge the U.S. Administration and Congress to devise, fund, and implement plans that aim well beyond the still very inadequate targets of the Kyoto Protocol, including research and development, standards and timetables, incentives and disincentives to achieve major improvements in energy efficiency and conservation, together with widespread introduction and expansion of solar alternatives to fossil fuels. Direct the Presbyterian Center in Louisville and all other properties of the General Assembly to minimize their use of fossil fuel energy, and to urge all middle governing bodies and local congregations to do the same, making use of energy audits to determine practical steps that can be taken.

72. Global Climate Change: Background Material
    for our species. In general, fossil fuels are a legacy bequeathed tous by the biosphere of the distant past. On an ancient warmer  
    http://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_4_1.htm
    
    Extractions: Human activity has been linked with increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This section includes seven classroom activities. Climates Past The climate of planet Earth is unstable. Our evolutionary origins lie in the warm, relatively benign climate of equatorial Africa, but our ancestors battled the cold, harsh, and unforgiving climate of the last ice age in order to spread across the planet. Some 10,000 years ago, however, the ice age ended. We developed agriculture, civilization, industry, and technology generally in a global climate that was warm, pleasant, and mostly predictable. Regional climates have changed, sometimes drastically and disastrously for local human populations, but by and large the global climate has not dealt any significant long-term blows to the spread and development of human civilization.

73. Dti: Energy | Coal | Cleaner Fossil Fuels Technology
    Alternative motor fuels. Capture and sequestration of CO 2 associated with cleanerfossil fuel plants. and of interest for the iron and steel sector in general.  
    http://www.dti.gov.uk/energy/coal/cfft/cct/funding.shtml
    
    Extractions: Text version Help NUCLEAR OIL AND GAS ... Consultations COAL Coal health claims UK Coal Operating Aid Scheme Coal Investment Aid Cleaner fossil fuels technology ... The UK Cleaner Coal Technology Programme / Other sources of funding for cleaner coal research and development BCURA supports postgraduates and post-doctoral research activities concerned with the production, distribution and use of coal and its derivatives. For more information contact the BCURA Technical Office (Tel: 01242 673361). The EPSRC is the largest of the seven UK Research Councils. It funds research and postgraduate training in universities and other organisations throughout the UK. EPSRC URL: http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/website/index.aspx The Sixth Framework Programme (FP6) is the European Community's programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration (RTD) activities for the period 2000-2006. The total budget, including Euratom is €17.5 billion - a 17% increase over the Fifth Framework Programme (FP5). Funding for non-nuclear energy, which falls within the thematic priority Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems, comes under the heading of "Sustainable Energy Systems", which has a budget of 810 M€. Funding is available for both short-medium term and medium-long term activities. Any activity has to fit within the sectors given below.

74. Resources Pollution Energy Links
    Types of Energy and Energy in general The Energy Story An explanation of how itworks ks3/4 The Energy Story - A page explaining all about fossil fuels ks3/4  
    http://www.geoexplorer.co.uk/sections/links/managingresources.htm

75. GENERAL AND POLICY (NOVEMBER 1989)
    REPORTS general AND POLICY. Item d89nov14. Moving away from fossil fuels is essential,for they release methane and nitrous oxide as well as carbon dioxide.  
    http://www.globalchange.org/gccd/gcc-digest/1989/d89nov8.htm
    
    Extractions: GENERAL AND POLICY Item #d89nov14 Slowing Global Warming: A Worldwide Strategy (Worldwatch Paper 91), C. Flavin, 94 pp., Oct. 1989. Order from Worldwatch Institute, 1776 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington DC 20036 (202-452-1999); $4. Concludes that only a fundamental restructuring of the world energy economy can prevent climate change in the next century. Moving away from fossil fuels is essential, for they release methane and nitrous oxide as well as carbon dioxide. A transition to renewable sources must start now and extend over several decades, and will require strong government backing; the time is right for an international global warming agreement, including a carbon tax to assist developing countries. The study establishes international targets for reduction of per capita carbon emissions: 3% each year in the United States and Soviet Union and 1% in countries such as Japan; third world countries such as India would be permitted an increase. Together, the goals lead to a 12% cut in global carbon emissions by the year 2000, or 38% less than if society follows the current path. Item #d89nov15 Solar HydrogenMoving Beyond Fossil Fuels This readable and well-referenced technical report argues that hydrogen produced by electrolysis from solar cells is one of the few long-term energy options for meeting the world's energy needs without contributing to global warming or other air pollution problems. Recent breakthroughs in technology mean that solar hydrogen can begin to replace automotive fuels within the next ten years at competitive prices. The cost is soon likely to be low enough that solar hydrogen can be generated in the southwestern United States and transmitted to population centers by pipeline. Hydrogen works well in internal combustion engines and other nations have developed hydrogen powered vehicles, but U.S. tax policy is biased in favor of research on conventional supplies. Recommended are several policy options including a U.S. carbon emissions tax, elimination of the oil depletion allowance, and federally mandated increases in fuel economy standards.

76. BBC - Truth Will Out
    the wider public, whereas business groups are seen by the general public as being Whatabout the necessity of finding an alternative to fossil fuels, which are  
    http://www.open2.net/truthwillout/globalwarming/global_morris.htm
    
    Extractions: Julian Morris is one of the directors of the Environment and Technology Programme at the Institute of Economic Affairs, a right-wing think-tank. The IEA's environment programme 'suggests innovative solutions to environmental problems based on the principles of a free society - property rights, the market and the rule of law'. He is very sceptical about what he calls the 'precautionary principles' of the environmentalist movement. You believe the idea of global warming to be something of a myth. Why? There are basically 3 groups that bene fit from the global warming myth: government, scientists and environmentalists. Environmentalists benefit because they are able to present a scary scenario to the general public, and because of their desire to maintain revenues scary scenarios are good business for them, it means the general public are more likely to give them money. What’s happened with the science is that scientists have realised that their funding is also contingent on coming up with scary scenarios. Meanwhile government realises that making claims about global warming is a major problem help in terms both of placating environmental groups and also in terms of selling to the wider society the idea of raising higher fuel taxes. So we have a coalition in a sense of 3 groups, the scientists, the government and environmental groups who like coming up with scary scenarios to scare the public because that enables them to garner more revenue.

77. Untitled Document
    Acid rain A general term referring to acid falling to earth in rain, snow dischargedinto the air, usually by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.  
    http://www.aqmd.gov/kidspage/glossary/mainfrm.html
    
    Extractions: Acid: A sour solution with a pH of less than 7. Acid rain: A general term referring to acid falling to earth in rain, snow, frost, fog or mist. Acid rain is caused when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted into the atmosphere become acid through chemical reactions and then fall to earth. Air monitoring: Measuring the types and quantities of pollutants in the atmosphere. Air Pollution: The presence of contaminants in the air in high enough concentrations to harm humans, wildlife, plants or man made things. Air Quality Index (AQI): A scale developed by the government to measure how much pollution is in the air. The AQI is often used in weather reports. Alkaline: A substance is alkaline (or base) when it has a pH higher than 7 and is capable of neutralizing an acid. Atmosphere: The layer of air that surrounds the earth. Benzines: Compounds found in motor fuels, dry cleaning processes; antifreeze; resins, perfumes, medicines, varnishes, lacquers and solvents. When evaporated, applied, spilled, or combusted they emit hydrocarbons into the atmosphere, which causes the creation of harmful ozone (O3). Buffer: The ability to neutralize acid or alkaline solutions in soils and water.

78. News Forum - NIWA
    Dr Charlotte Severne general Manager, Maori Development. of its energy needs, butthese reserves are running out – and just like other fossil fuels, they are  
    http://www.niwa.cri.nz/pubs/wa/10-3/newsforum

79. WORLD PARLIAMENT - World Legislative Acts
    There exist clean primary energy sources, which however are not as convenientto utilize as fossil fuels in general (eg, in transportation).  
    http://www.worldparliamentgov.net/legislation_act10.html

80. Activity 3-Global Warming
    Then, as a group, list three general causes of greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon dioxide(CO2) is released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels such as coal  
    http://community.middlebury.edu/~rosenber/DR-personal-homepage/globalwarming/gwa
    
    Extractions: Discuss the information on each sheet as you read it. Ask questions and add what you know to the discussion. Then, as a group, list three general causes of greenhouse gas emissions. You have about 15 minutes for this activity. Three important causes of greenhouse gas emissions: Other causes: Back to Activity 3 Index Some greenhouse gases are stronger "heat-trappers" than others. The pie chart above illustrates that carbon dioxide is responsible for roughly half of the greenhouse effect. Although chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) molecules are relatively scarce in the atmosphere, they have strong heat trapping properties and are responsible for 14 percent of the greenhouse effect.

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