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A comprehensive account of the language of Ancient Greek civilization in a single volume, with contributions from leading international scholars covering the historical, geographical, sociolinguistic, and literary perspectives of the language.

• A collection of 36 original essays by a team of international scholars
• Treats the survival and transmission of Ancient Greek
• Includes discussions on phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics

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Language and Ancient Greeks

This historical essay reviews the development of the art and science of grammar and philosophical views toward language among the Ancient Greeks. Although the early Greek writers, including Homer and Hesiod, commented on language (for example, in the Iliad Homer referred to the Miletians and other Ionians as "barbarophonoi," literally, “foreign speaking”), it was not until the fifth century B.C. that the explicit study of language emerged in Ancient Greece when rhetoric arose as a profession.

In the classical period, philosophers, sophists, and rhetoricians studied language mainly only insofar as it related to their understanding of reality and knowledge. Among the Greeks, it was not until the Hellenistic era (the period following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. and lasting until the death of Cleopatra VII and the fall of the Ptolemaic kingdom in 30 B.C.) that significant developments took place in the study of grammar and linguistics developed as a discipline in its own right.

In this essay, the author provides a sketch of early and classical Greek philosophies of language, the study of language in Hellenistic and Alexandrian scholarship (including Stoic views on language), and commentary on the relationship between language and Greek identity.

On the Decipherment of Linear B

A thousand years before the beginning of classical Greek civilization and the second period of Greek literacy that was launched with the arrival of the Phoenician alphabet on Greek’s ancient shores sometime during the late ninth century B.C. arose what would eventually become continental Europe’s first literate society. During the Late Bronze Age in southern Greece, the Mycenaean civilization flourished, spreading its culture and its writing system to the nearby island of Crete, where writing had already developed several hundred years earlier among the Minoans. This earliest Greek writing system, which died out with the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization and the start of the Greek Dark Age around 1200 B.C., was thence unknown until the British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans unearthed a cache of clay tablets inscribed with a curious script, which he coined “linear script of class B,” during his excavation of Knossos on the island of Crete in the year 1900.

For years, Evans tried in vain to decipher the ancient script whose discovery made him famous. It was instead the keen insight of the American classicist and archaeologist Alice Kober, and the persistence and genius of a young British architect named Michael Ventris, that were required to crack the Linear B code. In 1953, Michael Ventris succeeded in deciphering most of Linear B’s 87 syllabic signs and a significant number of the script’s logographic signs—a stunning achievement considering that no bilingual inscription was available to aid Ventris’ efforts. Unfortunately, Ventris died in an automobile accident just three years after his remarkable achievement, which stands to this day as one of the most extraordinary displays of cryptographic legerdemain ever seen.

This critical-historical essay looks at the missteps and flawed approach of Arthur Evans that opened the door to Ventris’ eventual decipherment while shining a bright light on Kober’s invaluable contributions, which are often understated or even ignored by scholars in the field. Throughout the essay, the author approaches the history of the script’s decipherment with fairness and realism, highlighting Evans’ successes and failures, acknowledging the impact of Kober’s work, and recognizing the enormity and historical significance of Ventris’ profound achievement. ... Read more

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This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone! ... Read more

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Did the Greeks find it amusing, irritating, or threatening when they heard another Greek speaking in a different dialect?This book exploits the evidence of ancient Greek comedy in an attempt to answer some of the questions about ancient language attitudes. Colvin draws conclusions from a comparative study of the language of dialect speaking characters and other foreigners in Old Comedy, and on an examination of linguistic attitudes in other genres of Greek literature. ... Read more

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This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishings Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the worlds literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone! ... Read more

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This is a book with an ancient Glossary of Macedonian Language with multiply choices quizzes in case to learn the ancient Greek words.You can learn them by multiply choice quizzes by choosing the meaning that best corresponds with the word that is given. ... Read more

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This is a book with an ancient Glossary of Macedonian Language with multiply choices quizzes in case to learn the ancient Greek words.You can learn them by multiply choice quizzes by choosing the meaning that best corresponds with the word that is given. ... Read more

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Chapters: Rough Breathing, Ancient Greek, Ancient Greek Grammar, Ancient Greek Phonology, Ancient Greek Verbs, Ancient Greek Literature, Quantitative Metathesis, a Greek-English Lexicon, Third Declension, Smooth Breathing, Inscriptiones Graecae, First Declension, Movable Nu, Second Declension, Synizesis. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 100. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: The nouns "" and "" are unique The conjugation tables do not include the dual number The tables below do not include the future perfect tense. Rules Verb (st. -) Active voice Middle voice Rules Verb (st. -) Active voice Middle voice Rules Verb (st. -) Active voice Middle voice The other tenses are formed without contraction. The vowel of the stem is lengthened and the suffix is added normally. e.g.: ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=14746404 ... Read more

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The Illyrians were a group of tribes who inhabited the Western Balkans during classical antiquity. The territory the tribes covered came to be known as Illyria to Greek and Roman authors, corresponding roughly to the area of the former Yugoslavia and Albania, between the Adriatic sea in the west, the Drava river in the north, the Morava river in the east and the mouth of Vjosë river in the south.The first account of Illyrian peoples comes from Periplus or Coastal passage an ancient Greek text of the middle of the 4th century BC. These tribes, or at least a number of tribes considered "Illyrians proper", are assumed to have been united by a common Illyrian language, of which only small fragments are attested enough to classify it as a branch of Indo-European. The name Illyrians seems to be an Ancient Greek exonym and we have no way of knowing what they called themselves or if they later adopted the exonym but most Illyrians did not use this name. Illyrians were last mentioned in 7th century. ... Read more

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Ancient Greek Phonology. Phonology, Koine Greek phonology, Modern Greek phonology, Greek language, Ancient Greek dialects, Pronunciation of Ancient Greek in teaching ... Read more

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Greeks. Proto- Greek language, List of Ancient Greek tribes, Mycenaean Greece, Classical Greece, Hellenistic Greece, Byzantine Greeks, Ottoman Greeks, Demographics of Greece, Demographics of Cyprus, Greek diaspora, Culture of Greece, Greek language, Religion in ancient Greece, Orthodox Church, Greek art, Greek mathematics, Ancient Greek medicine, Byzantine science, Flag of Greece, Double- headed eagle, Greek shipping ... Read more

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Chapters: Scholars of Ancient Greek, Scholars of Koine Greek, Scholars of Medieval Greek, Scholars of Mycenaean Greek, Michael Ventris, Karl Krumbacher, Franz Passow, Daniel B. Wallace, Michael S. Heiser, Katharine Bushnell, Antoine Meillet, Spiros Zodhiates, Gustav Adolf Deissmann, Emmanuel Kriaras, John Chadwick, Alan Wace, Robert S. P. Beekes, Paul Kretschmer, Herbert Hunger, Hjalmar Frisk. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 56. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Daniel Baird Wallace (June 5, 1952-) is a professor of New Testament Studies at Dallas Theological Seminary where he has been tenured since 1995. Wallace was born in California and graduated from Biola University in 1975 and later attended Dallas Theological Seminary. He graduated in 1979 with a Master of Theology in New Testament Studies. He taught at Dallas Seminary from 1979-81 and afterward at Grace Theological Seminary from 1981-83. In 1995, he earned his Ph.D. from Dallas Theological Seminary where he continues to teach full time. Wallace is considered an authority on Koine Greek grammar and New Testament textual criticism among New Testament scholars. He has published largely in these fields and has presented many papers at The Society of Biblical Literature as well as The Evangelical Theological Society conferences. Wallace published his first edition of Greek Grammar Beyond The Basics in 1996. It has since become a standard work in the field. Two-thirds of schools that teach the subject use the textbook. He also served as senior New Testament editor for the NET Bible and has founded the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts. The purpose of the institution is to preserve the Greek text of the New Testament by taking digital photographs of all extant Greek New Testament Manuscripts. Wallace, along with D...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=4742454 ... Read more

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Chapters: Ionic Greek, Doric Greek, Koine Greek, Attic Greek, Ancient Macedonian Language, Illyrian Languages, Thracian Language, Paeonian Language, Pelasgian Language, Brygian Language. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 126. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Ancient Macedonian was the Indo-European language or Greek dialect of the ancient Macedonians. It was spoken in Macedonia during the 1st millennium BC. It is believed to have gradually fallen out of use, along with possibly other spoken Greek dialects, during the 4th century BC by when the standard Koine Greek was mainly used. Knowledge of the language is very limited, there being only a few fragmentary surviving attestations, mainly in glosses and proper names. The volume of the surviving public and private inscriptions indicate that there was no written language in ancient Macedonia but Greek. A body of words has been assembled from ancient sources, mainly from coin inscriptions, and from the 5th century lexicon of Hesychius of Alexandria, amounting to about 150 words and 200 proper names, though the number of considered words sometimes differs from scholar to scholar. Most of them are similar to standard Greek, while some have been interpreted as pointing to a separate lineage from Indo-European. Due to the fragmentary attestation various interpretations are possible. The discussion is closely related to the reconstruction of the Proto-Greek language. The suggested historical interpretations of Macedonian include: From the few words that survive, only a little can be said about the language. A notable sound-law is that the Proto-Indo-European voiced aspirates (/b, d, g/) appear as voiced stops /b, d, g/, (written ), in contrast to all known Greek dialects, which have unvoiced them to /p, t, k/ () with few exceptions. If gotá...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1630179 ... Read more

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This volume is produced from digital images created through the University of Michigan University Library's preservation reformatting program. The Library seeks to preserve the intellectual content of items in a manner that facilitates and promotes a variety of uses. The digital reformatting process results in an electronic version of the text that can both be accessed online and used to create new print copies. This book and thousands of others can be found in the digital collections of the University of Michigan Library. The University Library also understands and values the utility of print, and makes reprints available through its Scholarly Publishing Office. ... Read more

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Magi is a term, used since at least the 4th century BCE, to denote a follower of Zoroaster, or rather, a follower of what the Hellenistic world associated Zoroaster with, which was ? in the main ? the ability to read the stars, and manipulate the fate that the stars foretold. The meaning prior to Hellenistic period is uncertain.Pervasive throughout the Eastern Mediterranean and Western Asia until late antiquity and beyond, Greek mágos "magian"/Magician was influenced by (and eventually displaced) Greek go?s, the older word for a practitioner of magic, to include astrology, alchemy and other forms of esoteric knowledge. This association was in turn the product of the Hellenistic fascination for (Pseudo-)Zoroaster, who was perceived by the Greeks to be the "Chaldean" "founder" of the Magi and "inventor" of both astrology and magic. Among the skeptical thinkers of the period, the term 'magian' acquired a negative connotation and was associated with tricksters and conjurers. This pejorative meaning survives in the words "magic" and "magician". ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In phonology, syncope (pronounced /?s??k?pi?/, Greek syn- + kopein ?to strike?) is the loss of one or more sounds from the interior of a word; especially, the loss of an unstressed vowel. Sounds may be removed from the interior of a word as a rhetoric or poetic device, whether for embellishment or for the sake of the meter. * Latin commo[ve]rat > poetic commorat ("he had moved") * English hast[e]ning > poetic hast'ning * English heav[e]n > poetic heav'n * English over > poetic o'er ... Read more

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This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone! ... Read more

Product Description
This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone! ... Read more