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"Greek Pottery from the Iberian Peninsula" is the first book to be published in English to discuss Archaic and Classical Greek pottery from the Iberian Peninsula. Every year, excavations yield more and more new material and this volume provides elaborate and up-to-date information. The first chapter is dedicated to Archaic pottery and covers the whole Peninsula, the second covers the Classical period, mainly based on the study of Attic pottery from Eastern Andalusia. Both chapters contain an illustrated catalogue. Not just finds are listed, but distribution and shape studies are included, as well as a discussion of how the local Iberian population viewed Attic painted pottery. The finla chapter gives a general overview of trade, based upon the information presented in the previous chapters. ... Read more

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This analysis of the extent to which Roman domination impacted on and changed the religion of north-western Hispania is based upon an analysis of many inscriptions, which reveal the names of indigenous and classical deities, including those with indigenous epithets. Elizabeth A Richert argues that this evidence indicates that local residents worshipped `a bewildering array' of deities, many of which were linked to local people and sacred places and, therefore, were very different from the Roman pantheon of gods. The local mountains and rock formations would have had more influence on local religion than Roman occupiers; locals selected which of the new Roman deities fitted in most suitably with their own religious needs. Much of the book comprises a catalogue of inscriptions. ... Read more

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Papers from the session 'The Early Neolithic in the Iberian Peninsula Regional and transregional components' held at the XV UISPP World Congress, September 2006. Contents: 1) The Portalon at Cueva Mayor (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain): a new archaeological sequence (Ortega, A. I.; Juez, L.; Carretero, J. M.; Arsuaga, J. L.; Perez-Gonzalez, A.; Ortega, M. C.; Perez, R.; Perez, A.; Rodriguez, A. D.; Santos, E.; Garcia, R. ; Gomez, A.; Rodriguez, L.; Martinez de Pinillos, M. & Martinez, I.); 2) Torca l'Arroyu: A new holocene site in the centre of Asturias (North of Spain) (Rogelio Estrada Garcia, Jesus F. Jorda Pardo, Joan S. Mestres Torres and Jose Yravedra Sainz de los Terreros); 3) From "Inland Neolithic" to "Neolithic dwelling in the inland": the role of homogeneous and heterogeneous elements on the explanation of earlier agricultural stages in Central Spain (Enrique Cerrillo Cuenca); 4) Neolithisation et structure sociale: donnees et discussion dans le nord-est de l'Espagne pour (Clop, Xavier; Gibaja, Juan Francisco); 5) El Valle de Ambrona (Soria, Espana): un referente cronologico para la primera ocupacion neolitica del interior peninsular (Manuel A. Rojo-Guerra, Rafael Garrido-Pena e Inigo Garcia-Martinez-de-Lagran); 6) Neolithisation process in lower Tagus valley left bank: old perspectives and new data (Cesar Neves, Filipa Rodrigues, Mariana Diniz); 7) Early Neolithic at the Serpis Valley, Alicante, Spain (J. Bernabeu Auban, LL. Molina Balaguer, T. Orozco Kohler, A. Diez Castillo, C.M. Barton); 8) Sources of monumentality: standing stones in context (Fontainhas, Alentejo Central, Portugal) (Manuel Calado, Leonor Rocha); Castelo Belinho (Algarve, Portugal) and the first Southwest Iberian Villages (Mario Varela Gomes). ... Read more

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The spectacular physical presence of the rock engravings of the International Tagus raised in the 1970s the need to explain the symbolic expressions of a population that until then had been described as virtually inexistent and, as a matter of course, of little importance to the cultural panorama of Iberian Late Prehistory. This volume gathers together the research effort of the teams that over the past 25 years have developed archaeological interventions in the central area of the International Tagus. Contents: Preface: Graphical markers and megalith builders in the International Tagus; Chapter 1: Models of integration of rock art and megalith builders in the International Tagus (Bueno Ramirez, P.; Balbin Behrmann, R. de. & Barroso Bermejo, R.); Chapter 2: Antes dos agricultores: Unidade e diversidade da ocupacao humana no Medio Tejo durante a Pre-Historia Antiga (Raposo, L.); Chapter 3: The Palaeolithic occupation of the North-eastern Alentejo (Portugal): a geoarchaeological approach (Almeida, N.; Deperz, S. & de Dapper, M.); Chapter 4: El primer poblamiento agricola del Tajo extremeno (Cerrillo Cuenca, E.); Chapter 5: The necropolis of Era de la Laguna, Santiago de Alcssntara, Cssceres, in the context of the megalithism of the central region of the International Tagus (Bueno Ramirez, P.; Barroso Bermejo, R. & Balbin Behrmann, R. de.); Chapter 6: Direct actions on rock art. One example - two rockshelters containing post-palaeolithic paintings (Carrera Ramirez, F.); Chapter 7: Arte Rupestre do Vale do Tejo, 35 anos depois (Baptista, A. M.); Chapter 8: Carta arqueologica de Vila Velha de Rodao - uma leitura actualizada dos dados da Pre-Historia Recente (Henriques, F.; Caninas, J., & Chambino, M.); Chapter 9: Tombs and Rock Carvings in the Serra Vermelha and Serra de Alvelos (Oleiros - Castelo Branco) (Caninas, J.C., Sabrosa, A., Henriques, F.A.S.; Monteiro, J.L.; Carvalho, E.; Batista, A.; Chambino, M.; Robles, F.; Monteiro, M., Canha, A.; Carvalho, L. & Germano, A.); Chapter 10: The megalithic tombs of Southern Beira Interior, Portugal: recent contributions (Cardoso, J.L.); Chapter 11: The tombs of the neolithic artist-shepherds of the Tagus Valley and the megalithic monuments of the mouth of the River Sever (Oliveira, J. de.); Chapter 12) Documentacion arqueologica obtenida durante los trabajos de consolidacion de los dolmenes de Valencia de Alcssntara (Enriquez Navascues, J.J. & Carrasco, M.J.); Chapter 13: The Beaker phenomenon and the funerary contexts of the International Tagus (Bueno Ramirez, P., Barroso Bermejo, R. & Vazquez Cuesta, A.); Chapter 14: The Chalcolithic in Beira Interior (Central Portugal): data and problems (Vilaca, R.). ... Read more

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(BAR S649, 1996) ... Read more

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This thesis examines lithic assemblages from six Middle Pleistocene sites in north-east Iberia and sites in the Sierra de Atapuerca region near Burgos of central Iberia, with a view to revealing the development of lithic technology across this extensive period, and also the nature, duration and intensity of occupation at these sites. The aims, problems and hypotheses of this piece of research are outlined in the initial chapter, followed by detailed analysis and comparison of lithic assemblages between the various sites. The results are placed in a broader Iberian and European context, examining what this evidence means for debates on the early settlement of Europe. ... Read more

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The scientific objectives of this research are to study the technological processes during the Middle and initial Upper Pleistocene in the northeastern Iberian Peninsular and southwestern France, and their implications for the behaviour of prehistoric human societies. The research studies of the lithotechnical records of archaeological sites located in different ecosystems (the Corbieres Massif, the river basins of Roussillon, the river Ter terrace system, la Selva depression, and lacustrine basin of Banyoles), and their industries found in the sedimentary deposits preserved in caves (G level of the Caune de l'Arago), rock-shelters (lower levels of Mollet I), or in ancient paleosoils (Puig d'Esclats, Casa Nova d'en Feliu and Can Burges), fluvial flood plains (Domeny Industrial), the deposits dismantled by erosional action on slopes (Costa Roja, Mas d'en Gali and Puig d'en Roca III), and in ancient fossil fluvial terraces/open-air sites (Mas Ferreol, Plane d'en Bourgat and Butte du Four-Llabanere). The results of the lithotechnical analyses allow for the documentation of the differentiated adaptive patterns of mesopleistocene hominids, reflected in the industries' level of technological variability between the geographical areas. The data obtained is assessed within three parameters: the areas where the necessary raw materials for knapping were obtained; the study of the technical production systems characteristic of each regional unit; and the diachronic interval of these settlements obtained both by relative chronology as well as through the application of absolute dating techniques. ... Read more

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This work discusses in depth the series of changes involving human communities that took place in the strip of land between the rivers Jucar and Segura (south-eastern Iberian Peninsular) over a period of nearly 3,000 years, ca. 5600 - 2600 cal BC, from the Ancient Neolithic Cardial period up to the Chalcolithic age. ... Read more

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A study of boat iconography in the Iberian Peninsular during Prehistory. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Hernando de Soto (c.1496/1497 - 1542) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who, while leading the first European expedition deep into the territory of the modern-day United States, was the first European to discover the Mississippi River. A vast undertaking, de Soto's expedition ranged throughout the southeastern United States searching for gold and a passage to China. De Soto died in 1542 on the banks of the Mississippi River at present-day Lake Village, Arkansas. ... Read more

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In the late 1800s, archaeologists began discovering engraved stone plaques in Neolithic (3500-2500 BC) graves in southwestern Portugal and Spain. About the size of a palm, usually made of slate, and incised with geometric or, more rarely, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic designs, these plaques have mystified generations of researchers. What do their symbols signify? How were the plaques produced? Were they worn during an individual's lifetime, or only made at the time of their death? Why, indeed, were the plaques made at all? Employing an eclectic range of theoretical and methodological lenses, Katina Lillios surveys all that is currently known about the Iberian engraved stone plaques and advances her own carefully considered hypotheses about their manufacture and meanings. After analyzing data on the plaques' workmanship and distribution, she builds a convincing case that the majority of the Iberian plaques were genealogical records of the dead that served as durable markers of regional and local group identities. Such records, she argues, would have contributed toward legitimating and perpetuating an ideology of inherited social difference in the Iberian Late Neolithic. ... Read more

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This volume is a study of later Iberian prehistory and contributes to our understanding of the range of religious beliefs and practices present in the Celtic-speaking world. The author has brought together a huge mass of data and has added to it the results of her own careful observations through fieldwork and museum studies. It offers, for the first time, a balanced review of a data-set of crucial interest in the study of European pre and proto history. Dr Alfaye presents her results at several levels. There is an overview of earlier perceptions of sacrificial stones and altars presented in the context of developing visions of Celts and Druids beginning in the seventeenth century. There follows an in-depth study of one of the most extensively excavated hill top settlements Numancia a site which presents a microcosm of the issues involved in attempting to use raw archaeological evidence to interpret human behaviour. In addition there is a detailed assessment of urban and domestic sanctuaries and votive deposits; a detailed consideration of cave sanctuaries; and studies of votive metalwork, of the enigmatic verracos, of epigraphy from sanctuaries and or ritual artefacts. The research has been conducted, analysed and presented in the full knowledge of the much broader context of Celtic religion. Sylvia Alfayes new and original study of the religious beliefs and practices of Celtic Iberia helps us to address the crucial question of just how deep the roots of Iberian practices of the later first millennium BC run, and how much is shared with the broader region of Western Europe. ... Read more

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It is fair to say that warrior ideology was rife in Bronze Age Europe but all too often it is discussed in generalised and overly simplistic terms. This detailed study of the imagery and ideology of Bronze Age Spain and Portugal draws on a corpus of more than one hundred stelae. Describing them as `multi-vocal monuments' Richard Harrison examines how they embody ideological codes centred around militarism, masculinity and hierarchy, reflected in the symbolism of the imagery, the geographical location of stelae and their function. In Harrison's opinion the stelae contain a `treasure-trove of well-preserved ideas' of a society seeking to mark physical possession of territory, commemorate their great leaders and warriors and, in some cases, mark their burial. Discussion of examples and particular types of symbolism and imagery from Iberia lead to broader discussions of stelae practices, social evolution and warrior ideology in Bronze Age Europe as a whole. ... Read more