Culserv a twoweek seminar with computers, five kom speakers in Virtually every indigenouslanguage has an alphabet or some A great many peoples even have two or three http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~jmatthew/culserv.html
Extractions: The people of the world speak between 3,000 and 6,000 languages. Of these, 80 to 90 percent are spoken by indigenous peoples, representing almost all linguistic diversity today. A few native-language communities, like the Aymara and the Tswana, are large and robust, but most are small and fragile. Only 276 languages are spoken by a million or more people. Languages seem to be disappearing faster than ever before. I estimate that there are about 15 percent fewer languages now than in 1500 A.D. This is alarming in itself, but, just as important, the consequent reduction of cultural diversity may threaten humanity's survival. Our adaptive success as a specieswith over 5 billion people in such diverse environments as jungles, deserts, and the Arcticis due to "culture," implying the communication of ideas through language. Linguistic diversity relates to adaptational ideas about property, health care, food, children, power, and disputes. The loss of language diversity diminishes our ability to adapt because it decreases the pool of knowledge from which to draw. The existence or disappearance of languages has particular political and economic implications for native peoples themselves. Consider language-related politics in India, Belgium, Canada, Lithuania, and Estonia. Cultural uniquenessethnicity reinforces claims to a share of political power, land, jobs, and other resources in heterogeneous states. Language is a powerful force in legitimating those claims.
Project Underground: Drilling To The Ends Of The Earth: Central Africa huge new boom in oil exploration throughout Central africa. home to the Baka and Bakolapeoples, communities of barrels per day from the kom, Miandoum, Bolobo http://www.moles.org/ProjectUnderground/motherlode/drilling/wafrica.html
Extractions: "West Africa is probably the most dynamic offshore play in the world today." - Offshore Magazine There is a huge new boom in oil exploration throughout Central Africa. Following the end of the cold war rivalries in the region and the development of new technologies in the last decade, oil companies are falling over themselves to offer lucrative contracts to governments in Cameroon, Chad, the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Angola. The World Bank plans to fund an oil pipeline through Central African rainforests that will bring huge profits to Shell, Exxon, and Elf while causing environmental havoc and threatening local populations - all with U.S. taxpayers backing the deal. The oil companies are about to build a 600-mile pipeline from the Doba oil fields in Chad to coastal Cameroon, slashing through fragile rainforest that is home to the Baka and Bakola peoples, communities of traditional hunter-gatherers. Oil industry experts say the pipeline could deliver between 150,000 and 250,000 barrels per day from the Kom, Miandoum, Bolobo and Sdigui fields. "Once construction begins, we'll see an uncontrollable influx of people in search of work - the result will be deforestation, wildlife poaching, and the loss of community land," says Environmental Defense Fund economist Korinna Horta.
Geografie Intermed possible, link this focus and the local area, South africa, africa and the world Miskienmeer as enige plek elders in die kurrikulumdokument, kom die verborge http://pestalozzi.org/kurrikulum/Geografie Intermed.htm
Extractions: Hierdie opmerkings verteenwoordig die mening van die outeur en stem nie noodwendig ooreen met die standpunt van die Pestalozzi Trust nie. Die materiaal hieronder is ingeskandeer uit die voorgestelde National Curriculum Statement for South Africa soos gepubliseer op die webblad van die Onderwysdepartement op 30 Julie 2001 Teks uit die kurrikulum verskyn op links en is in grys uitgeblok. Kommentaar verskyn regs en is in geel uitgeblok. The learner is able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the interrelationships between people, resources and the environment.
Article On The Columbus Quincentennial Canada (Quebec) has become the South africa of the 1990's Thus, even today, the indigenouspeoples of the Americas are Avenue Iselin, NJ 088302155 csk@kom.com. http://chris.kom.com/columbus.html
Extractions: This year will mark the 500th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's "discovery" of America. With characteristic nationalism and pride, the people of the United States will soon celebrate this national landmark. But how can one say that Columbus was the first person to discover America when about 40 million people already lived here? The answer is that you can't, unless you don't consider those who were already here to be people. If you only consider white Europeans as counting as people, then there's no problem. Europeans have historically held this view. When the Spanish invaded this continent, they did not consider the native peoples they conquered to be human. They would shoot and kill them for sport, not considering it to be murder, but rather like hunting big game. It took a Vatican proclamation suggesting that they might be human and thus that God might punish them for these murders to get the Spanish to stop. Not that they treated them with any great respect afterwardsnow native peoples were elevated to the status of mere pagan savages with false ideas of religion and culture. The Spanish and other Europeans tried to rectify this by forcefully indoctrinating them with Christianity. Columbus himself enslaved native populations and practiced his rule with bitter cruelty and brutality. Through his actions, both directly and indirectly, he was responsible for countless deaths and immense suffering. Should this be honored? Do we as a nation represent such values as conquest and subjugation of the less powerful (or more trusting), as slavery, merciless domination, and acting without honor or conscience? I don't want to think so, but the evidence for this as an historical truth is compelling.
Extractions: Twee Voortrekkertjies Temanommer: Die Janusjaar Een nieuwe Nederlandse literatuurgeschiedenis Kosmiese ironie in Harry Mulisch se De aanslag Voortrekker Values for Afrikaans Youth in Pieter van der Merwe Erasmus's Twee Voortrekkertjies "Leipoldt, "Oom Gert vertel" en Multatuli" Estienne Barbier, renegaat en romanfiguur, in die lig van die storie, historie en historiografie Het Babel van haar tijd Notas Twee Voortrekkertjies deur Pieter van der Merwe Erasmus is gegrond op 'n goed gevestigde tradisie van denkbeeldige herstel van die Groot Trek vir Afrikaner jeug. Romans soos David Malan (1894) deur Van Oordt, De Voortrekkers, of Het Dagboek van Izak van der Merwe (1898) deur Kestell en Hofmeyr, en Fanie (1925) deur Hofmeyr het ook hiertoe bygedra. Soos die voorgenoemde werke, het hierdie boek 'n duidelike nationalistiese trant. In 'n kort voorwoord erken Erasmus die invloed van sy tydgenoot, Gustav Preller, bekende Afrikaner nationalis. Preller se boeke het 'n groot rol in die skepping van die heldhaftige beeld van die Voortrekkers gespeel. Dieselfde tema is deur Twee Voortrekkertjies On the eve of the Great Trek centenary in 1938, novelists in South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America capitalised on the crescendo of publicity which that historic event was receiving. One of the ways in which they did this was to write fictional reconstructions, chie?y in English though occasionally in Afrikaans, of the Boer migration. Their literary achievements were not universally appreciated at the time, not least because some of the works in question challenged the prevailing heroic image of the Voortrekkers then current in Afrikaans circles. Subsequent generations of literary critics have generally overlooked these endeavours in historical fiction. To date, surprisingly little has been published about such novels as Eugenie de Kalb's
Chapter 1 numerical strength of the main ethnic peoples I have Little is known about the indigenousinhabitants; but, in The kom, who are matrilineal, defeated a number http://www.era.anthropology.ac.uk/Kaberry/Kaberry_text/ch1pt1.html
Extractions: BEFORE we examine the economy of Bamenda and its bearing on the position of women, a somewhat detailed account of the history, ethnic character and distribution of the peoples is necessary since very little information has been published. The total population of the Province as given in the Annual Report for 948 is 301,000; but this is estimated from figures for adult taxable males, the last census having been taken in 1931. The people are negroid, with possibly a northern strain in some of the Tikar tribes. They vary considerably in physique; but, in general, those of the uplands appear to be taller, wirier, and of better build than those of the forest, where malaria, filaria, yaws, goitre and elephantiasis are prevalent. Apart from the analysis of the Nkom language by the Rev. Father Bruens, very little linguistic research has been done in Bamenda. The Basel Mission has translated the New Testament into Bali, and the Roman Catholic Mission has made some study of the language of Nsaw and produced a catechism in Nkom. The languages of Bamenda have hitherto been classified as Benue-Cross River (or semi-Bantu) and the Tikar placed in the Bafumbum-Bansaw group. But, in a recent set of articles dealing with a reclassification of West African languages, Greenberg has suggested that Bali, Bafut and Ndob (and presumably this would be extended to the dialects spoken by other Tikar peoples in Bamenda) are Bantu. But a definitive classification must wait on further research, as well as the publication of the results of the linguistic field survey of the northern Bantu Borderland now being carried out from the French Cameroons.
Ancient Nubia many migrated either to Aswan and kom Ombo or Aswan in the early 1960's, these peopleswere displaced communication in addition to their indigenous old Nubian http://www.angelfire.com/oh/AncientKnowledge/NUBIA.html
Extractions: Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa. Once the ancient kingdom of Kush, Nubia is the stretch of land next to the Nile from Aswan down to Khartoum in the south. Nubians are depicted in many tomb paintings and reliefs- usually as mercenaries or traders. Nubians still have distinct traditions, architecture and languages, even though many migrated either to Aswan and Kom Ombo or south to Sudan after Lake Nasser swamped much of their traditional homeland. Nubia contains dozens of sites of archaeological interest. 24 temples, as well as fortresses and tombs, were menaced by the waters of the High Dam, including Dendour, Ellessiya, Amada and Wadi al- Sebowa. Some have been moved, most notably Philae, Kalabsha and Abu Simbel, and other salvage and restoration operations are in train ; The Nubian Museum is being built near Aswan to house rescued artefacts. Nubia is an area of scholarship that was largely overlooked in favor of its splendid neighbor, Egypt. Past finds in the area were attributed to Egypt; current excavation of the area is impossible because of Egypt's construction of the High Aswan Dam. However, renewed interest in Africa - brought on largely by Afrocentric scholars such as Cheikn Anta Diop - has resulted in a proliferation of scholarly work on ancient Nubia. Much of the scholarly work up to this point is dealing with the massive archeological digs that occurred just prior to the building of the High Aswan Dam. As a result of this work, the amount of available information on Nubia has increased immeasurably. Evidence has emerged that shows a people who, after decades of colonization by the Egyptians, rose above and established themselves as a force to be dealt with in Africa. Nubians developed a culture and people distinctly different from the Egyptians.
WCRD - English Videos imb.org/video/more_info.htm kom SOURCE Southern videos in developing countries usingindigenous talent Hope Unreached People Unreached peoplesGod's Priority http://www.missionresources.com/englishvideosi.html
Cover Texts Bayreuth African Studies 51 - 60 Ambroise kom a enseigné les littératures africaines and spiritual welfare of Africanpeoples. Abio Irele analysing the works of indigenous African writers http://www.breitinger.org/texts/cov51-60.HTM
Extractions: Multilinguism is a common phenomenon in Africa: there is hardly one country where only one language is spoken, but there are many countries where various types of mixtures of languages can be heard. There are the mother tongues for communication within the family and with the people of the same origin, there is the official language of bureaucracy and there may also be the language of school education, which more often than not is the former colonial language. There may be other languages spoken by various groups of people within one country like Kisuahili, which also functions as means of international communication, and there may be sociolects of different age- and/or professional groups like e.g. in Kenya Sheng or Engsh. Which is the language one should use to communicate with neighbours, which with teachers, which with foreigners from your own country, which with foreigners from other countries? Which is the language people feel at ease with, in which do they express their feelings, which is the language of the literature they like to read? How does the daily mixture of languages around us affect us, in the language(s) we speak, in our choice of words, in our feeling towards the languages? The papers in this volume discuss the multilingual situation in Africa under various aspects like language shift, language borrowing, language interference, creative language mix, transfer of language patterns and last not least the psychological effect of this language mix on the people who go through this experience.
Sussana Yene Awasom The kom women felt threatened by the agricultural precursor of the Takumbeng femaleindigenous political institution among the Ngemba speaking peoples of the http://www.codesria.org/Links/Home/Abstracts GA 1-5/gender_Awasom.htm
Extractions: Buea Cameroon CODESRIA 10 th General Assembly, Kampala, Uganda, 8-12 December 2002 Introduction In the wake of the Beijing Conference on Women Rights, the old debate on the reality or myth of the marginalization of African women in politics since pre-colonial times resurfaced. Even where indigenous female political organizations existed, played important political roles, and had been highlighted by anthropologists who were struggling to understand traditional socio-political organization of African societies ( cf Henn 1978; Guyer 1984; Nkwi 1985; Ritzenthaler 1960; Wipper 1982; Kalb 1985), there is still the stubborn refusal among chauvinist academic circles that African women really matter or ever mattered. Attempts at re-evaluating their roles are interpreted as simple romanticization. Some opinions even hold that women activism in modern times is often teleguided by men and are therefore a disguise instrument of male manipulation. According to Konde (1991) an old male strategy in African politics is the usage of women for the political empowerment of men. The objective of this strategy has always been the same; the methods of its application have change according to circumstances to meet the exigency of the moment. In pre-colonial Cameroon, for example, when men exchanged women in marriage, the women provided their fathers and husbands with social, economic, and military links into other lineages and clans. The alliances that were created from exchanging women, the wealth that was accumulated in bride wealth payment and the work performed by women, and the political prestige and military strength derived from them, accrued to the benefit of men. It was the men who were the partners in these relationships; the women were the pawns, the means to those ends.
D.A.J.P.: Solidariteit DHKPC - The Revolutionary peoples Liberation Struggle in Turkey. Na een jaar buitenlandkom je met een to small projects of the indigenous communities mapuche http://www.xs4all.nl/~hbosch/bk2/Menu/Solidariteit/
Extractions: Start Menu Solidariteit Africa Server - Het beoogt de informatie over en uit Afrika te bundelen en de activiteiten in Nederland op het gebied van Afrika in kaart en bijeen te brengen voor een breed publiek, voor Afrika-gangers, voor de Afrikanen in Nederland en in het continent. Amnesty International - stelt schendingen van mensenrechten in alle landen aan de kaak: of ze nu plaatsvinden in democratieën of in dictaturen, of de regeringen zich rechts noemen of links. ASKV - Amsterdams Solidariteits Komité Vluchtelingen/ Steunpunt Vluchtelingen Autonoom Centrum - Het AC ondersteunt uitgeprocedeerde vluchtelingen en illegalen. Naast campagnes en onderzoek is er een spreekuur en een bezoekgroep. Baskisch Info Center - [Er is alleen nog niks op de website te zien...] Basque Studies Program - The Basque Studies Program is dedicated to the study of the Basque Country and all aspects of its language, culture, history, society, etc Basque: The Buber Page - I have tried to compile everything that I could about the Basque people and put it here. Bazar Latino - In the Bazar Latino you will find interesting subjects about Latin America and Europe.Noticias, the initiator of Bazar Latino, is a Latin American Information Network in Europe.The aim of this project is to stimulate the exchange of information between Europe and Latin America.
AsiaQuest - Glossary Original or earliest known; native; indigenous. A proper noun referring to the originalpeoples of Australia Communism, (kom yu nis um) Refers to a movement with http://quest.classroom.com/archive/asia1999/library/glossary/pg00049.htm
Extractions: Glossary This list of definitions and pronunciations will help you learn new terms and pronounce words that appear in Quest reports correctly. Click on a letter to see different sections of the glossary. A B C D ... Z A abiotic (ay bi OT ik) Describes the non-living parts of the environment , such as water, rocks, light, and temperature. Original or earliest known; native; indigenous. Aborigine (ab or IDG i nee) A proper noun referring to the original peoples of Australia. Achaemenid (u KE mu nid) A member of the dynasty of kings in ancient Persia that ruled from 550 BC to 331 BC. acid (A sid) A sour-tasting substance (like lemon or vinegar) that has a pH smaller than 7. Acids turn litmus paper red. When you touch an acid, it makes your skin sting. See also: acid acupuncture (AK yoo pungk chur) An ancient Chinese practice of healing. It involves sticking needles into specific parts of the body to release and redirect energy. adaptation (ad ap TAY shen) A genetic feature or trait that helps a living thing survive or reproduce. An adaptation can be physical, like a camel's ability to go without water for extended periods of time, or it can be behavioral, like the desert rodents which have adapted to the heat by becoming
Untitled AfoA-kom Sacred Art of Cameroon earth gods derive from the religion of the indigenouspeoples who were They sold many of the indigenous religious leaders into http://www.hds.harvard.edu/cswr/imagbank/annc-ann.htm
Extractions: These slides depict the process of pilgrimage at the Orthodox Church of the Madonna of the Annunciation (Evangel'stra) on the Greek island of Tinos (Cyclades), one of Greece's foremost shrines. The church draws thousands of pilgrims each year, particularly on its two major holy days, the Day of the Annunciation (Evangelisms) on March 25th (which is also Greek Independence Day) and the day of the Dormition (K'misis) on August 15th. History of the Church The church itself dates from the 1830's and was built after the discovery of a miracle working icon, which it now houses. This icon was discovered in a field near the island's port town following the vision of a local nun in which the Madonna (Panay'a) appeared to her and told her of a buried icon. When the icon was uncovered, in January 1823, it was found to depict the Annunciation. Reportedly it had originally been housed in a Byzantine church burned some centuries earlier by Saracen pirates. The icon is said to have been painted by St. Luke (a not uncommon attribution of famous icons throughout Greece). The icon soon acquired a reputation for miracle-working and pilgrims began to flock to Tinos to acquire the benefits of its powers. This pilgrimage has continued up to the present day. The Pilgrimage An important concept in pilgrimage is the idea of the tma, or vow (pl. tmata). The term refers both to the vow itself and to the objects (usually small plaques depicting the nature of the vow) which are left at the church. (Such offerings are also called (afyermata.) The vow may involve simply going to the church and performing the usual devotions before the icon, a simple offering such as a large candle, larger offerings including expensive gifts or money given to the church, or some personal hardship such as ascending the road to the church on one's knees.
Al-Ahram Weekly | 2001 | A World Without Borders temples of Edfu, Elephantine, Esna and kom Ombo bear They were, in other words, indigenousprocesses to facilitate the exploitation of subject peoples and their http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2001/566/20014.htm
Extractions: Issue No.566 Published in Cairo by AL-AHRAM established in 1875 Current issue Previous issue Site map Ismail Sabri Abdalla can't see the nation-state for the transnational corporations The prolonged preoccupation with "the clash of civilisations," that dubious theoretical fabrication, and the diverse views that have been expressed on the topic, have produced no useful results, because the notion under debate is fallacious to begin with. The course of human history has never at any point been determined by a clash of civilisations; so who is responsible for fostering the obsession with issues that have no bearing on independent comprehensive development and the effort to eradicate poverty altogether? Our Pharaonic forefathers did not seek to invade their neighbours and plunder their wealth. When the Egyptian army first ranged beyond our borders, it was to pursue the remnants of the invading Hyksos. This occurred in 1770BC, some 2,500 years after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. It follows that our ancestors built the Great Pyramid the first of the seven wonders of the ancient world without enslaving another people, without "foreign expertise" and without needing technology transfer to copy a precedent made abroad. Although the Hyksos invasion made it clear to the Ancient Egyptians that the approach to their country passed through Syria and Palestine, this knowledge did not compel them to force their language and culture upon the peoples of those lands. The Pharaohs were content to have neighbouring rulers as friends and allies, leaving them to their own forms of worship and their own modes of life, while pursuing commercial relations in the eastern Mediterranean, importing cedar from Lebanon for example.
KryssTal : Readers' Feedback (Language Families) Khome) rather than the sinotibetan kom listed as either forced on or gradually supplantedindigenous languages. their names preserved in the peoples of Europe http://www.krysstal.com/feedback_langfams.html
Extractions: and responses by KryssTal José Manuel Rodrigues jrodrigues@bportugal.pt The Latin Branch KryssTal Reply: Obrigado (thank you) for your very interesting email about the Portuguese language. You have made many good points which I respond to below. Italian and Spanish are the closest modern major languages to Latin. This statement is debatable. "Closest" refers to what: pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary or grammar ? And which item is the most important? I guess it is vocabulary and grammar! I have no doubt about the "closeness" of Italian in the four items, but Portuguese is surely more close to Latin than Spanish regarding grammar. Portuguese has a more conservative grammar than Spanish, because has kept Latin grammatical features that disappeared from Spanish long ago (just a small example: "dois" and "duas" for "two" when referring to "two" (masculine and feminine). KryssTal Reply: Yes, you are absolutley correct. I noticed this in Brazil. For example the word for Egg: Latin OVUM; Portuguese: OVO; Spanish: HUEVO.
WCRD - Christian Audio Resource Directory churches among the least accessible peoples of the to advise language teams and indigenouschurches/agencies Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, India) kom Ren/kom http://missionresources.com/christianaudio.htm
Extractions: This resource directory includes Bible, New Testament, scripture portions and music recordings on audio cassettes in many languages. Please send any additions, deletions and recommendations to ken@missionresources.com George Verwer, founder of Operation Mobilization, and Spear Books are putting together a new strategy using Digital Content for both evangelism and spiritual nourishment. The vision is to see Audio Books become a major player in influencing people around the world. Information can be found at http://www.spearbooks.com . (Click on "Audio Books".) Missionaries can also register as "Reps" and earn commissions as well. Check out http://www.audiotreasure.com , which offers free MP3s of the Bible for download in a variety of languages (including English, Hindi, Tagalog, Urdu, Slovak, Spanish, Mandarin, and Cantonese). You can download them and burn CDs or you can order them from audiotreasure.com
