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Over the last decade the interest in nanoscale materials and their applications in novel electronic devices have been increasing tremendously. This is caused by the unique properties of nanoscale materials and the outstanding performance of nanoscale devices. The fascinating and often unrivalled properties of nanoscale materials and devices opened new and sometimes unexpected fields of applications. Today, the widespread applications range from the detection of explosives, drugs and fissionable materials to bio- and infrared-sensors, spintronic devices, data storage media, magnetic read heads for computer hard disks, single-electron devices, microwave electronic devices, and many more.

This book contains a collection of papers giving insight into the fundamentals and applications of nanoscale devices. The papers have been presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nanoscale Devices – Fundamentals and Applications (NDFA-2004, ARW 980607) held in Kishinev (Chisinau), Moldova, on September 18-22, 2004. The main focus of the contributions is on the synthesis and characterization of nanoscale magnetic materials, the fundamental physics and materials aspects of solid-state nanostructures, the development of novel device concepts and design principles for nanoscale devices, as well as on applications in electronics with special emphasis on defence against the threat of terrorism.

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In this Enrico Fermi School, the first one dedicated to advanced organic materials, the main research results and open problems in science and technology of organic nanostructures have been discussed; in particular, growth techniques, electronic and optical properties, device applications. The necessary background material has been covered and interdisciplinary aspects have been emphasized with the aim of a unified approach to the basic physical phenomena bridging the gap between standard graduate courses and the state of the art in the field. The lecturers have provided authoritative and comprehensive tutorial reviews of the main issues involved in the science and technology of organic materials and their nanostructures. In particular, the following topics have been specifically addressed: charge carrier mobility and transport properties, electrical conductivity of conjugated polymers, charge transfer states in organics, photorefractivity in organics, energy transfer processes in organics, photophysics and fast spectroscopy, technology of polymer electronics and light emitting devices. ... Read more

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A collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society s 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, held in Daytona Beach, Florida, January 27-February 1, 2008. Topics include basic and applied research in nanomaterials such as synthesis, functionalization, processing, and characterization; structure-property correlations; bio- and magnetic nanomaterials; nanostructured materials for chemical mechanical planarization, display, health, and cosmetic applications; nanotubes and nanowires; and industrial development. ... Read more

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This volume is a selection of invaluable papers by P-G de Gennes — 1991 Nobel Prize winner in Physics — which have had a long-lasting impact on our understanding of condensed matter. Important ideas on polymers, liquid crystals and interfaces are described. The author has added some afterthoughts to the main papers (explaining their successes or weaknesses), and some current views on each special problem. The text is simple and easy to read. ... Read more

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This is the first monograph devoted to investigation of the most complex physical processes of soft systems, including a wide class of solutions. It blends modern theoretical understanding and experimental results, proposing new methods and models for the description of several soft systems.

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Nonlinear optical materials play a pivotal role in the future evolution of nonlinear optics in general and its impact in technology and industrial applications in particular. The progress in nonlinear optics has been tremendous since the first demonstration of an all-optical nonlinear effect in the early sixties, but until recently the main visible emphasis was on the physical aspects of the nonlinear radiation matter interaction. In the last decade, however, this effort has also brought its fruits in applied aspects of nonlinear optics. This can be essentially traced to the improvement of the performances of the nonlinear optical materials. Our understanding of the nonlinear polarization mechanisms and their relation to the structural characteristics of the materials has been considerably improved. In addition, the new development of techniques for the fabrication and growth of artificial materials has dramatically contributed to this evolution. The goal is to find and develop materials presenting large nonlinearities and satisfying at the same time all the technological requirements for applications such as wide transparency range, fast response, high damage threshold but also processability, adaptability and interfacing with other materials. Improvements, besides rendering possible the implementation of nonlinear effects in devices, open the way to the study of new nonlinear optical effects and the introduction of new concepts. This book describes new concepts which are emerging in the field of nonlinear optical materials, concentrating the attention on materials which seem more promising for applications in the technology of information transmission and processing. ... Read more

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The book gives a systematic description of the preparation , characterization and manipulation of cluster beams for the synthesis of nanocrystalline materials. It also addresses all the issues relevant in the realization of nanophase structures (cluster-surface interaction, cluster coalescence). The book provides a complete description of the method with the major aim of offering a working tool for scientists coming from different fields. Particular emphasis is given to the potential of this technique in connection with the synthesis of nanostructured materials and to the combination of cluster beams with other surface science experimental techniques. The question of the compatibility with more standard technologies will also be addressed. ... Read more

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The state of the art of tribology is described, on both macroand micro/nano scales, by internationally recognised scientistsworking on both fundamental and applied aspects. The history of thesubject is covered, followed by instrumentation, basic theories andthe latest results on friction, wear, lubrication and industrialapplications. Both experimental and computer modelling research arecovered, with the emphasis throughout being on applied aspects. Thebook covers science and engineering topics that are not typicallyavailable to students in any structured university curriculum orspecial course. ... Read more

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The colloquium "Mössbauer Spectroscopy in Materials Science 2008" was devoted to the application of the Mössbauer effect in various areas as material testing, study of nanoscale systems, metallurgy, mineralogy, chemistry and biology. New developments of spectroscopy experimental technique were presented.

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Initially a subfield of solid state physics, the study of mesoscopic systems has evolved over the years into a vast field of research in its own right. Keeping track its rapid progress, this book provides a broad survey of the latest developments in the field. The focus is on statistics and dynamics of mesoscopic systems with special emphasis on topics like quantum chaos, localization, noise and fluctuations, mesoscopic optics and quantum transport in nanostructures. Written with nonspecialists in mind, this book will also be useful to graduate students wishing to familiarize themselves with this field of research. ... Read more

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All articles were peer reviewed. The aim of the Advanced Summer School in Physics 2006 was to offer a series of courses which could be attended by graduate and advanced undergraduate students. This book collects the material presented throughout the course. The courses covered several frontier topics on physics such as Rigged Hilbert spaces, neutrinos, nanostructures, complex networks, and colloidal systems.

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Diamond is an extreme material among possible atomic aggregations in nature, and as such has many extreme properties. This unique position makes it a fascinating subject both for science and for applications. This has been particularly true in recent years, since the surprising discovery at Union Carbide (1953) of the possibility of chemical vapour deposition of diamond films at low pressures, where diamond is metastable with respect to graphite. This discovery cleared the way to the development of economical deposition techniques, that have been obtaining progressively better-quality diamond, both pure and doped, in a controlled way and for a variety of applications. The remarkable properties and applications range from mechanical (the extreme hardness, tensile and compressive strength, wear performance) to thermal (the highest conductivity), optical (wide range of trasparency), chemical (inertness to most chemicals), biological (biocompatibility) and electronic (high electronic carrier mobility, large band gap and dielectric breakdown strength, negative electron affinity), with the simultaneous presence of so many extraordinary qualities often resulting in added value for a given application. We are presently at a turning point in the development of diamond physics and applications. While some achievements can be considered well established, on the other hand, new opportunities and challenges are facing the scientific community, particularly with regard to novel exciting deposition processes and techniques or new properties and applications in electronics. For this reason, the Italian Physical Society has considered timely to sponsor, within the "Enrico Fermi School" at Varenna, a course on "The Physics of Diamond" particularly focused on the new developments and prospects, that may well constitute a reference point for a new generation of scientists at what may possibly be the beginning of a new age in diamond. The course has attracted several of the most distinguished experts in the field as lecturers and an audience of almost as distinguished students and observers from 19 countries. Participation and discussion were lively to the very last day, ranging from traditional diamond physics to new diamond physics, and from well-known applications to the new exciting opportunities. The material in this volume is organized in the following way: the first part (13 lectures) is essentially devoted to growth and structure, the second part to properties and applications, with a closing lecture exploring new exotic diamonds in the distant future. The earlier lectures cover extensively the many processes of plasma chemical vapour deposition, including advanced contributions in theoretical modelling of these processes. Hence novel deposition mechanisms are considered: low-temperature CVD and laser-activated processes, including the so-called QQC experiments. This first part closes with a discussion of amorphous phases. In the second part, particular emphasis is placed on electronic properties and applications. This includes an extensive discussion of doping and, in addition, the promising perspectives of diamond as an electron emitter. Its newly discovered remarkable electron affinity properties lead to a new dimension in research and development, of great strategical importance for an increasing role of diamond in electronics. We are extremely grateful to the Secretary of the Italian Physical Society Mrs. E. Mazzi and her collaborators, for the masterly practical organization of the school, combined with their warm personalized commitment to make the two weeks spent at Villa Monastero a memorable pleasant experience for all participants. We also thank Mrs. A. Oleandri, C. Vasini and Mr. P. Papali of the Editorial Office for the expert and careful editorial work on this volume. The Directors of the School A. Paoletti and A. Tucciarone ... Read more

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This book constitutes the proceedings of the International Symposium on DNA-Based Nanoscale Integration. The focus of this conference was the utilization of DNA as a tool in molecular manipulation on solid substrates. Coverage in this volume includes immobilization, metallization, electrical field and conductivity, as well as microscopic characterization.

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Nanoscale physics has become one of the rapidly developing areas of contemporary physics because of its direct relevance to newly emerging area, nanotechnologies. Nanoscale devices and quantum functional materials are usually constructed based on the results of fundamental studies on nanoscale physics. Therefore studying physical phenomena in nanosized systems is of importance for progressive development of nanotechnologies. In this context study of complex phenomena in such systems and using them for controlling purposes is of great practical importance. Namely, such studies are brought together in this book, which contains 27 papers on various aspects of nanoscale physics and nonlinear dynamics.

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This volume addresses a number of both experimental techniques and methods for the data treatment introduced in the last ten years or so in different fields of the atmospheric sciences. Considerable emphasis has been given since their introduction to the use of satellites or spaceborne measurements with a recent example being the important results obtained with UARS. Of particular interest are the airborne instruments developed for the stratospheric measurement campaign organized by the NASA since 1976 to study the ozone hole and followed later by similar experiments to study the high-latitude ozone depletion in the northern hemisphere. The results of these experiments have helped clarify the role of chlorine-bearing compounds in the ozone depletion and the effect of the heterogeneous processes. The book is organized in four chapters: the first three divide the different techniques according to the location of the measuring instrumentation (ground, air and space) with the fourth chapter dealing with theory and analysis. ... Read more

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This book addresses the use of MEMS and micromachined devices for the investigation of nanoscience and technology, as well as biotechnology. Such micromachined tools for nanotechnology can enhance the sensitivity, spatial resolution, dexterity, selectivity, and parallel processing capability in measuring and manipulating nano-objects. The book covers state-of-the-art MEMS and NEMS devices for DNA molecular handling and analysis, cell handling and culture on a chip, chemical lab-on-a-chip, multi-probes for vacuum tunneling microscopy and AFM, and characterization of quantum semiconductor structures. Readers will gain deep insight into such developments and students will learn about the emerging field of MEMS and nanotechnology. ... Read more

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This book is a collection of some of the invited talks presented at the international meeting held at the Max Planck Institut fuer Physik Komplexer Systeme, Dresden, Germany during August 6-30, 2001, on the rapidly developing field of nanoscale science in science and bio-electronics Semiconductor physics has experienced unprecedented developments over the second half of the twentieth century. The exponential growth in microelectronic processing power and the size of dynamic memorie has been achieved by significant downscaling of the minimum feature size. Smaller feature sizes result in increased functional density, faster speed, and lower costs. In this process one is reaching the limits where quantum effects and fluctuations are beginning to play an important role.
This book reflects the achievements of the present times and future directions of research on nanoscopic dimensions.
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The development of faster and smaller electronic devices leads from microelectronics to nanoelectronics. In nanoscopic or mesoscopic systems quantum effects such as the quantum Hall effect, new electronic transport phenomena and other aspects of electron-photon interactions become important. The physics of mesoscopic systems, the relevant effects and phenomena and new quantum device concepts as well as the formation and characterization of quantum structures are discussed. This is the most comprehensive presentation of the basis and realization of a new and promising concept for future electronic devices. This book is a must for all researchers in this field. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Excellent introduction to the mesoscopic physics!
This is a great introductory book for people who have just entered this field.It explains those deep concepts in rather simple words and formula, but very clear.And it is so well organized you will never get lost whilereading it. ... Read more

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This book consists of peer-reviewed articles and reviews presented as lectures at the Sixth International Symposium on Thermal Engineering and Sciences for Cold Regions in Darmstadt, Germany. It adresses all relevant aspects of thermal physics and engineering in cold regions, such as the Arctic regions. These environments present many unique freezing and melting phenomena and the relevant heat and mass transfer processes are of basic importance with respect to both the technological applications and the natural context in which they occur. Adressing physicists, engineers, geoscientists, climatologists and cryologists alike these proceedings cover topics such as: ice formation and decay heat conduction with phase change - convection with freezing and melting - thermal properties at low temperature - frost heave and permafrost - climate impact in cold regions thermal design of structures - bio-engineering in cold regions - and many more ... ... Read more

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All papers have been peer-reviewed. These proceedings include lecture notes from six courses in modern physics including cosmology, high energy, statistical, medical, and solid state physics. An introduction to cosmology and the restrictions to dark energy models are presented. The high energy physics that can be found in future colliders is discussed. In the present, synchrotron radiation turns out to be an extraordinary tool for medical applications. Moreover, medical tests will be soon miniaturized thanks to the development of biosensor devices. A very interesting revision of the physics of photovoltaic materials is presented, provided that solar cells are a serious alternative of clean energy. The reader will also find lecture notes on the interactions and the dynamics of confined colloidal suspensions.