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NUCLEAR FISSION and ATOMIC ENERGY by WILLIAM E. STEPHENS. Contents include: Foreword vii Editors Preface ix Chapter 1. Discovery of Fission 1 2. Production of Fission 6 3. Fission Fragments 16 4. Fission Products 22 5. Secondary Neutrons 43 6. Heavy Nuclei 50 7. Theory of Fission 67 8. Dynamics of Fission 92 9. Early Work on Chain Reactions 117 10. Slow Neutron Chain Reactions Piles 133 11. Fast Neutron Chain Reaction 171 12. Separation of Isotopes 181 13. Chemical Separation Methods Isolation of Plutonium 222 14. Potentialities of Fission Techniques 234 Bibliography ... 259 Author Index 281 Subject Index 287. FOREWORD: FREE and unrestricted research in nuclear physics ceased abruptly in 1941. Activity in the field went underground and certain aspects were the subject of intense study and investigation in secret under the forced draft of military urgency and unlimited support. It emerged on August 6, 1945, with the most destructive explosion that has ever been produced by man. The same dra matic event answered affirmatively the outstanding question which had engaged nuclear physicists previously Is a self-sustaining nu clear chain reaction possible The successful culmination of the work of the Manhattan District in the explosion of the bombs over Japan punctuated the end of the war and announced the scientific fact that nuclear chain reactions could be brought about. With the cessation of hostilities nuclear physicists have re turned from a wide variety of war research assignments to this, their chosen field. The obvious first step in resuming programs of fundamental research has been a review of the literature and a taking of scientific stock in the light of available information. At the University of Pennsylvania a series of seminars was conducted by Dr. Stephens and the staff of the Department of Physics resi dent in the autumn of 1945, for the purpose of reviewing all freely available information and reorienting the interests of the research group. The extensive examination of all the pertinent literature at their disposal and the careful study of its implications in the light of present common scientific knowledge has been of great value in the planning of a research program at the University of Pennsylvania. It is in the hope that the efforts of this group may serve a much broader purpose in assisting their scientific col leagues elsewhere to resume their research programs or enable them to enter their field of fundamental investigation that these seminar notes have been edited for publication. Unfortunately this book perforce marks a departure from traditional scientific publications, a departure which it is hoped is only a temporary result of abnormal post-war conditions. The authors of this book, in common with authors of reviews in other branches of physical science, have dealt only with information that is available to all. But unlike authors of pre-war treatises they are aware that there exists a body of pertinent knowledge inaccess ible to them. To avoid any possible imputation of inadvertent breach of security they have been at pains not to discuss these topics with any persons in possession of classified knowledge con cerning them. Though a more complete book on the subject might be written by men who have participated in the atomic bomb proj ect, such persons are at present legally precluded from such an undertaking. The very ignorance of the authors of this book thus enables them to contribute their special training to the writing of it as a contribution to the advancement of knowledge in the best scientific tradition... ... Read more

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This book reinvestigates and analyses, in various aspects and details, the scientific basis of an up-to-date 'nuclear culture' and presents the basic and outstanding problems of this field, with its important technical and social applications and consequences. The contributions are presented by leading experts in this area and the fundamental approaches related to nuclear fission and fusion have been considered and covered. In the light of public opinion regarding nuclear energy as a whole, after the Chernobyl accident, the various items, including safety and ecological problems, are treated beyond the political and social misunderstandings due to ideological and fashionable interferences. The resulting collection of papers therefore satisfy the double need of maintaining a high scientific standard and of presenting the data and the facts in such a way that they can be understood, in their essential aspects, by a more general audience. ... Read more

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The purpose of this book is to inform the public about its choices on energy issues and to help it make realistic decisions based on knowledge of science.Energy is the most prized commodity in our society.It is as basic to life as food and water.It generates the electricity that powers our homes, entertainment, businesses, and industrial plants.All transportation is dependent on energy that propels our cars, trains, airplanes, and ships.Every action--biological, mechanical, and electrical--requires energy.This book, therefore, has connections to every individual and object in the universe.

The public faces difficult choices in the generation of electricity in the future.Carbon dioxide is polluting the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels.We face the issue of security for the United States and its citizens.During 2005 gasoline for vehicles skyrocketed to the highest price on record and we are importing more petroleum than ever before.Should California return to deregulation of electricity that was so disastrous in the winter of 2000-2001?This book reviews our options and makes recommendations for the energy to generate electricity and the fuels to transport people and goods. ... Read more

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The Purpose of Visualized Chemistry is to present the subject matter of High School chemistry in a manner that is concise, up-to-date, interesting, and well within the grasp of the average student ... Read more

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The primary objective of this text is to cover the engineering aspects of converting nuclear fission energy to useful work. This book treats the nuclear reactor as a heart source from which useful power can be produced. It attempts to put together in a continuous and coherent fashion the basic information that an engineer needs as background before attempting to embark on the design or operation of a nuclear power system. CONTENTS: PART 1) INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING - a) Nuclear Energy: The Primary Source of Power b) Atomic and Molecular Structure c) Atomic and Nuclear Reactions d) Reactions Involving Neutrons e) Neutron Flux Distribution Cores f) Time Variations in Reactor Behavior PART TWO - FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NUCLEAR POWER a) Some Thermodynamic Aspects of Nuclear Power b-c) Reactor Heat Generation and Removal I and II d) Reactor Coolants: Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow e) Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow with Change in Phase PART THREE - NUCLEAR REACTORS AND POWER PLANTS a) The Boiling Reactor b) Boiling-reactor Power Plants c) Pressurized-water Reactors and Power Plants d) Gas-cooled Reactors e) Gas-cooled-reactor Power Plants f) Organic-cooled and Moderated Reactors g) Liquid-metal-cooled Reactors and Power Plants h) Fluid-Fueled Reactors and Power Plants ... Read more

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It is the first application to nuclear physics from energy-density functional method, for which Professor Walter Kohn received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The book presents a comprehensive extension of the Bohr-Wheeler theory with the present knowledge of nuclear density distribution function.

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This volume is produced from digital images created through the University of Michigan University Library's large-scale digitization efforts. The Library seeks to preserve the intellectual content of items in a manner that facilitates and promotes a variety of uses. The digital reformatting process results in an electronic version of the original text that can be both accessed online and used to create new print copies. The Library also understands and values the usefulness of print and makes reprints available to the public whenever possible. This book and hundreds of thousands of others can be found in the HathiTrust, an archive of the digitized collections of many great research libraries. For access to the University of Michigan Library's digital collections, please see http://www.lib.umich.edu and for information about the HathiTrust, please visit http://www.hathitrust.org ... Read more

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Contents: Fission Fragment Distributions: Experiment and Theory -- Fission Barriers, Fission Channels, Fission Valleys; Fragment Charge Distributions in Low Energy Fission; Double-Energy, Double-Velocity Measurement of Fission Fragments from Thermal Neutron Induced Fission; Odd-Even Neutron and Proton Effects in Low Energy Nuclear Fission; Energy Balance in MeV Neutron Induced Fission; Formation of the Fragment Mass and Energy Distributions in Fission of Nuclei Lighter than Radium; A New Approach to Determine Elemental Yield, Charge Polarisation and Odd-even Effects in Fission; Fundamental Fission Problems -- Dissipation and Friction in Nuclear Fission; Influence of Diabaticity on Fission Fragment Mass Asymmetry; Space Parity Violation in Nuclear Fission. ... Read more

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Energy Development - Fossil fuel, Nuclear power, Peakuranium, Nuclear fission, Fusion power, Renewable energy,Alcohol fuel, Biomass, Vegetable oil economy,Vegetable oilused as fuel, Biodiesel, Ethanol fuel, Geothermal power,Hydroelectricity, Solar energy, Photovoltaics, Tidalpower,Wind power, Energy storage, Grid energy storage, Flywheelenergy storage, Compressed-air energy storage,Compressed-air vehicle, Compressed air car, Battery(electricity), Battery electric vehicle, Hydrogeneconomy,Climate change, Economics of new nuclear power plants,Greenhouse gas, Renewable energy development ... Read more