Native Americans And Exploration To 1845 Valley was populated by a series of native peoples. native populations in the WillametteValley were estimated at have traded with tribes as far north as the http://www.ci.eugene.or.us/PDD/planning/eugenehistoric/to1845.htm
Extractions: Native Americans and Early Exploration: To 1845 For thousands of years prior to European settlement, the upper Willamette Valley was populated by a series of native peoples. Their long tenancy in the region is indicated by ". . .a number of archeological sites [including] several localities along the Long Tom River west of Eugene [that] have been radiocarbon dated to between 6,000 and 10,000 years old." The most recent native Americans, the Kalapuya lived throughout the valley in villages ranging from 20 to 500 inhabitants. Along with the Siuslaw, the Klamath-Modoc, the Molalla, and several other tribal groups, they belonged to the Penutian language group, which was broken down into several sub-groups. There were several different dialects of the Kalapuya language that were spoken within the Willamette Valley, and it is believed that people from different regions with varying dialects were able to communicate freely with each other for purposes of trade and socialization. Native populations in the Willamette Valley were estimated at 23 people per 100 square miles. These natives utilized the Willamette River for transportation, recreation and food gathering. Their activities included large game hunting, tool manufacturing, hide preparation, camas gathering and grinding, diversified hunting, fishing, woodworking, and milling.
Apache Links native americans (DesertUSA(100 native american Desert the Southwestern Deserts VariousApache peoples (including the Navajo) came from the far north to settle http://saint-johns-brunswick.pvt.k12.me.us/student/projects/Indians/apache.htm
Ethnic Clothing And Regalia: Native Americans The First peoples or Indigenous peoples is really of South America, and that America is far more than where you may see Natives from north, Central and http://histclo.hispeed.com/style/ethnic/ethnicna.html
Extractions: Figure 1.Hopi children pose prior to dancing in a ceremonial. The boys wear handwoven kilts of fine wool and cotton. Their fringed sashes and kilts are bordered with red, black and green designs pertaining to water or rain. The boys carry gourd rattles and decorated feather shafts. Their thick soled moccasins have the calf length uppers common to the Hopi. The girl dancer wears a black woolen dress trimmed with silver chonchos. Her hand woven sash or girdle is in tones of red, gray, black and white. She has a liquid silver coral and turquoise necklace over the floral silk fringed shawl that drapes across one shoulder. She carries two eagle feathers in each hand. Her head piece or "Tablita" depicts a butterfly with flowers and rain symbols. Native Americans, in part because of the horendous treatment by white Americans as well as the exposure to European diseases, now comprise only a small part of the Americam mosaic. It is a rich, colorful traition, no matter how small. Native American dress is showcased atvpowwows and other gatherings held annually throughout America. The natives of both North and South America exibit a great variety of lingusistic, anatomical, and cultural characteristics. The discussion of these diverse peoples must thus proceeded by groups and subgroupings. The most advanced civilizations were those developing in Mexico, Central America, and South America. The civilizations in North America were primarily hunter-gather civilizations, but some were engaged in settled agriculture. The popular idea that all Native Americans are more or less alike has long been dispelled by intensice ethonological investigation which has discovered as many differences as similarities among tribes, those that are not contiguous exhibiting pronounced variations.
Extractions: onlineethics.org The Online Ethics Center for Engineering and Science Although the dead can't speak, they do tell tales. But who should be allowed to determine what stories the dead are telling? The question of rights over disposition of human remains raises issues of research ethics when archaeologists and physical anthropologists attempt to study the ancient remains of indigenous peoples in North America. The case of the Kennewick Man, a recently discovered Paleoindian man, illustrates the difficulties of such research. The problem confronting archaeologists, physical anthropologists and Native Americans has broader implications for the practice of science. In this case study, the ethical practice of science and the relation of science to the values of indigenous people is considered. Until recently, archaeologists encountered few obstacles in excavating and studying the remains of the dead; Native Americans had little or no voice in the planning or execution of archaeological research. Recent activism and lobbying by Native Americans resulted in the passage of the 1990 Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). NAGPRA was enacted to address complaints that archaeologists and museums had appropriated human remains and sacred objects that were not rightfully theirs to control. As the act is currently written, Native America tribes can reclaim human remains and grave goods to which they can establish a cultural affiliation. Affiliation can be demonstrated through a variety of criteria, which include geographical, biological, archaeological, and anthropological information; historical data; oral history; expert opinions; or other relevant information.
Scotland And The Native Americans Men of the north in the far West. upon the surface of the globe, and from thesecan be traced the fascinating story of other ages and other peoples. http://www.tnais.com/sc/burke.html
Extractions: The foregoing article is reproduced from the Glasgow newspaper The Daily Record and Mail , of Tuesday, 6th September 1904. It was written by 'Major' John M. Burke, General Manager with Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World , which had been in the city a few weeks previously. This is one of Burke's famous press releases, intended to highlight perceived common ground between the members of the entourage and the host culture. John M. Burke's opinions and interpretation of the history of the 'Five Civilized Tribes' and of the manner in which Native Americans have benefited from so-called material progress are reproduced here verbatim , and without comment. William McIntosh, Creek Nation 'The distribution of man over the face of the earth forms as interesting a subject as his origin, with which the scientists of the day are called upon to deal. Ages have passed and nations have thriven and decayed, but many of them have left indelible traces of their existence upon the surface of the globe, and from these can be traced the fascinating story of other ages and other peoples. None is more attractive than to trace the adventurous wanderers from the old countries and analyse the results of their assimilating with other peoples. During the years I have been associated with Buffalo Bill's Wild West I have met many different races and nations, and have acquired much information on this subject, very interesting to Scotsmen.
National American Indian & Alaska Native Heritage Month north American Indian 2226 illustrations of native americans from the years Curtistook pictures of native peoples from the Inuit on the far north to the http://www.montgomerylibrary.org/surfthenet/aiweblinks.asp
Extractions: This site focuses on links that answer the most commonly asked questions about people, events and places, and important documents in Native American history. These questions have been sifted from the thousands asked of librarians in the Montgomery County Libraries over the years. You will notice that there is more emphasis on individual tribes and also on collective and individual biographies. This is because we get many school assignment questions, and they are often approached from the perspective of the tribe or an important individual. Primary Source material Especially useful for elementary school assignments Evaluation Guidelines for Web Sites about American Indian Peoples The web author states that the purpose of this Web page is to provide some guidelines useful for evaluating and identifying websites that contain accurate information and that are not exploitative of American Indians." Mounted at the University of Arizona. History Matters: US Survey Course on the Web This site has a wealth of primary source documents. Just type in "Native American" in the "Quick Search" box. You will get carefully annotated links about Native American History. Those items designated "Many Pasts" feature primary documents in text, image, or audio. This site is a project of the American Social History Project/Center for Media and Learning of the City University of New York and the Center for History and New Media at George Mason University.
Introduction To Native North Americans These native americans were related to the peoples of north Eastern Asia. comparedto the small number of people meant new arrivals settled far apart from http://www.stpaulswgl.vic.edu.au/Depts/plains indians/Html/nthamerican.htm
Extractions: Native North Americans Native American Conquest American Indians were visited by Conquistadors nearly five centuries ago. Spanish records are the oldest we have of Native America. Indian villages were reported at places which are cities today. Indian trails between those villages became the roads. Rivers, landmarks and native cultures were described along those trails by Spaniards: they wrote the oldest history we have of America. Not long after Columbus discovered the New World, Spain settled in Indian villages in The Americas. When European explorers arrived in America in 1492 they found around 2 million Native Americans living there. The Europeans mistakenly called them Indians, thinking they had landed in the Indies in the Far East of Asia. These 'Indians' belonged to at least 300 different tribes and spoke over 2,000 different languages. Famous examples of these tribes are: Each tribe spoke a separate language, and their houses, clothes and entertainment differed. However, they all followed a similar life based on hunting and farming. These Native Americans were related to the peoples of North Eastern Asia. It is thought that their ancestors crossed a land bridge linking Siberia to Alaska around 30,000 BC. There was gradual movement south to the Great Plains of (the yet to be called) America.
AIS Educational Resource SOURCE BIBLIOGRAPHY native americans of California and Nevada; Forbes Autobiographyof sculpture of the northwest coast peoples and the TOPIC far north (INUIT http://www.americanindiansource.com/arthistory.html
Extractions: Click book for review This undergraduate course has evolved by a very diverse path. Vital to the success of this course are the experiences and constructive contributions of thousands of students in many educational environments. Enjoy the beauty as we step onto the trail of our original American tribal heritage. It was not so many years ago that North American Indian Art was classified in the category of souvenirs or trinkets. At best, the historic and prehistoric relics of a great people were housed in museums of natural history as examples of primitive art. Within recent years the situation has changed quickly and dramatically. Together we can gain an appreciation of how native tribal people are aware of and respond to our natural world. Let us walk in Beauty together. This course is a survey of tribal art by TOPIC areas North of Middle America: Prehistoric tribal evidence; Rock Art, Southwest, California, Northwest Coast, Far North, Prehistoric Mound culture, Northeast Woodlands, Southeast Woodlands, Prairie/ Plains. The pace of the course is influenced by the participation of the class. Therefore, the total number of topic areas may be subject to adjustment.
Native Americans, Astronomy, ET's & UFO's peaceful life on the north Eastern coast of north America World War III will be startedby those peoples who first that of the Creator. That time is not far off http://www.marsearthconnection.com/nativeam.html
Extractions: NATIVE AMERICANS - ASTRONOMY - ET'S - UFO'S The United States is filled with pyramids, hieroglyphs, petroglyphs, artifacts and sacred grounds to rival Egypt...The Cultures who preceded our modern society recorded events and prophecies for the benefit of those who would follow. Their messages and divine creations are offered here for your interpretation... Gamma Ray Bursts and the Hopi Prophecies Before the 60s, astronomers believed that the most powerful event in the universe was the explosion that occurs when stars collapse near the end of their life. The resultant supernova gives off massive amounts of energy...However, with the improved drugs of the 60s, astronomers were able to see all sorts of things. They discovered something many times more powerful than any supernova. Gamma ray bursts (GRB) burst into the astrophysics scene with an a roar, "What the hell is that?" For twenty-five years they didn't even know where they came from... "If the burst had occurred somewhere in our galactic neighborhood, it would have been so bright that night would've turned into day,"...In may 1997 the biggest GRB was discovered. It was huge. After 80 days, the fireball's diameter was 10 trillion kilometers (6.2 trillion miles), or 85 times the diameter of our solar system - more than 600,000 times the volume...But the cause is still a mystery... So what might happen if one of these babies went off in our galaxy?...About 15% of the spiral galaxies we can see have active galactic nuclei. OR 15% are in their active phase that occurs after a GRB. But, does our galaxy go active?...The solar wind pushed cosmic dust out of our solar system and keeps it at bay. The super waves of light, gamma and X rays that radiate from an active galactic nuclei would create a global disaster...
NATIVE PEOPLES Of NORTH AMERICA - Origins IN THE BEGINNING All humans are interested in their origins and try to account for their existence through creation stories. creation stories. Every native north American society has such the Americas of the ancestors of the native americans to more since none of the native peoples of north America had http://www.cabrillo.cc.ca.us/~crsmith/origins.html
Extractions: I N T HE B EGINNING All humans are interested in their origins and try to account for their existence through creation stories. Creation stories commonly explain how people came into existence, how they came to be live where they do, how they acquired tools and customs, and why people should act, or not act, in certain ways. Most commonly creation stories contain fundamental conceptions of nature, society, and how people ought to relate to the world and to one another. All societies have such creation stories. Every native North American society has such stories recounting the actions and deeds of "power" in the past. Here are two such stories. Life . . . rests on five successive periods. Its first was...self-born. That was the divine spirit, the first cause, the desire to be. Then came the creation; the creation of being, the bringing into begin of material thingsthe starts of heaven, the elements of earth and atmosphere, life in its elemental form, the desire to live and survive.... The first earth's environment was one of mistsimmaterial, unformed. The second was of water, with land portions floating on it. During this period all sea life was conceived and developed. The third stage brought the coming of animals and bird life of many kinds along with elemental human types. The fourth stage was a time of earth wandering, a search by Navajo forebears for a durable home. This was found; the land of turquoise skies. The fifth has been of gradual advance...of the Navajo people.
Native American - Wikipedia Quebec peninsula and the Inuit, Yupik, and Aleut peoples of the far north of the Anotherdifficulty is that many native American groups migrated (or were http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American
Extractions: Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Other languages: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Native Americans , also called American Indians or simply Amerindians , are the indigenous people who lived in the Americas before European colonization. In Canada the term First Nations is now in general use. In Alaska , because of legal use in the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act ( ANSCA ) and because of the presence of the Inuit Yupik , and Aleut peoples, the term Alaskan Native is used. (See further discussion below.) Native American officially make up the majority of the population in Bolivia and Guatemala and are significant in most other Hispanic American countries, with the possible exception of Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic and Uruguay Based on anthropological evidence, there were at least three distinct migrations from
Listening To Native Americans - John Barry Ryan Originally printed in the Journal of Religion and Culture, this essay outlines one white American's attempts to learn about native spirituality. own journey of listening to native americans. I the annual meeting of the north American Academy of the Omaha, the Haida and other native American peoples were particularly http://www.op.org/DomCentral/library/native.htm
Extractions: Making Peace with the Past for the Future John Barry Ryan is Professor of Religious Studies and a member of the Peace Studies faculty at Manhattan College. His research interests include liturgical studies and American Indian religions. It is a Native American tradition to introduce oneself before one speaks. In that spirit, I begin with some steps in my own journey of listening to Native Americans. I acknowledge at the outset that for most of my life I did not listen, maybe could not listen. But for a decade now, I have been attempting to listen to Native Americans. "Attempting" is the appropriate word because I am very much aware that I bring preconceptions, hardheadedness, and lack of attention to the conversation. Even worse, Native Americans have taught me that I carry a much heavier burden. I view the world from the conqueror's point of view, which informs everything I do. I knew this intellectually, but in listening to Native Americans I understand more concretely and in some detail what it means. I only dared propose a course on Native American Religions because I had researched Navajo prayer forms for two papers that I presented, one in 1985 at the annual meeting of the North American Academy of Liturgy and the other in 1991 at the biannual meeting of
Native Peoples Of North America - Adena After 2000 years ago, sweeping changes occured in burial customs with mound intermentsbecoming far more elaborate native peoples of north America Home http://www.cabrillo.cc.ca.us/~crsmith/adena.html
Extractions: North America's Native People ADENA Towards the end of the Archaic (shortly before 3000-4000 years ago), some societies in the Eastern Woodlands began burying their dead in low, natural ridges and hills. Then around 1000 B.C., perhaps earlier, morturay rites assumed increasing importance and complexity - people began building small artificial mounds under which their dead were buried (a few mound burials date as far back as 5600 B.C. in Labrador). By 500 B.C. this burial mound ceremonialism extend across a broad region of the Eastern Woodlands, from the western Appalachians to the Mississippi Valley, and north into Wisconsin and Michigan. Perhaps the best known of the early burial mound building cultures is the Adena of the central Ohio Valley (dates span time from about 2800 BP [800 BC] to 100 AD). Although people often speak and write of an Adena "culture," in actuality the term is really a label of convenience that covers dozens of Eastern Woodland cultures that thrived in the period between 3000 and 2200 years ago - cultures that varied markedly in material culture but were bound together by a shared ceremonial complex, the Adena. Adena sites (many are now destroyed) are concentrated in a relatively small area - around 300 sites in the central Ohio Valley, with perhaps another 200 scattered throughout Indiana, Kentucky, West Virginia and Pennsylvania. The importance of the Adena complex comes from its considerable influence on other contemporary cultures and cultures that came after it.
Compact Histories An ongoing web project that aims to provide extensive histories of all major tribes of native americans.Category Society Ethnicity native americans History unleashed destructive forces upon north America's native peoples which reached farbeyond the the most important native group in north American history http://www.tolatsga.org/Compacts.html
Extractions: Compact Histories. Please Note: These Compact Histories are presented here to provide information to those interested in learning more about the First Nations. They are NOT here to provide spoon fed information for "school reports." Accordingly we are not interested in any questions asking for help in completing your school assignment. As to those who question our credibility, you may take us or leave us. These Histories were written and assembled as a labor-of-love. Take them or leave them, period. Acolapissa The mild climate of the lower Mississippi required little clothing. Acolapissa men limited themselves pretty much to a breechcloth, women a short skirt, and children ran nude until puberty. With so little clothing with which to adorn themselves, the Acolapissa were fond of decorating their entire bodies with tattoos. In cold weather a buffalo robe or feathered cloak was added for warmth.
American Indian Studies Dedicated to the presentation of artwork, photographs, video, and sound recordings, which reflect Category Science Social Sciences Visual Anthropology happened to or affected the indigeneous peoples of north native Education Resourcesin the far West Region north American Cultural/Ethnic Resources in Southern http://www.csulb.edu/projects/ais/
Extractions: This site received over 1,000,000 hits in 1999 from 50 countries throughout the world. American Indian Studies programs were created at a number of universities throughout the United States beginning in the late 1960s. The American Indian Studies Program at California State University, Long Beach celebrated its 25th anniversary in 1994 and is the oldest continuous existing program. This world wide site is a developing site supervised by Professor Troy Johnson and is dedicated to the presentation of unique artwork, photographs, video and sound recordings which accurately reflect the history, culture and richness of the Native American experience in North America and has been expanded to include Indian people of Central America and Mexico. Contributions and comments may be made by contacting Professor Johnson See the various books Troy Johnson has written on the American Indian Culture. Alcatraz Occupation: The Story The 1969 occupation of Alcatraz Island is seen as a watershed event in contemporary Native American history. This site provides a brief history of the occupation as documented in my book, "The Occupation of Alcatraz Island, Indian Self-determination and The Rise of Indian Activism Alcatraz Occupaion in photographs This collection of photographs and descriptions by Ilka Hartmann tell the story of the American Indian occupation of Alcatraz Island through the eyes of those who made up the occupation force.
Extractions: that we ourselves should protect our rights During December 2000, five representatives of Rus-sian indigenous peoples visited the United States. The initiative was that of the Association of Indigenous peoples of the North of the Khabarovskiy Kray and David Gordon, Associate Director of the Pacific Envi-ronment and Resources Center (PERC) and it was discussed in February, 2000. From 1 to 28 December 2000, the Pacific Envi-ronment and Resources Center organized a trip for five representatives of indigenous minorities of the North of Russia - from the Kamchatka Region, the Krasnoyarsk, Khabarovsk and Primorye territories (Lyudmila Ognatenko, Arkadiy Kaza, Nadezhda No-vik, Ekaterina Semkevich; Galina Volkova) - to the states of Washington and Oregon. The aim was for Native Americans and representatives of indigenous peoples of the Far East of Russia to exchange experi-ences with regard to protection of our rights to land and natural resources. For me, the word "reservation" has always been associated with something humiliating. But after I visited reservations during this trip I concluded that this is an appropriate solution to indigenous peoples' problems in America. We visited eight reservations and found out that 550 Indian tribes have been recog-nized to date, and about 200 of these have been strug-gling for their rights. They gained rights to lands and natural resources on the basis of agreements (the first was concluded in 1850 as a result of the Bolt trial) on the basis of the US Constitution.
Genetic Origins Of Siberia's Chukchi - From WorkingDogWeb.com peoples of the Russian north and far East Resources about the north Pacific peoples Researchersare using genetic patterns in native peoples in Asia http://www.workingdogweb.com/Chukchi-Origins.htm
Extractions: Genetic Ancestry O verview G enetics in Siberia F emale Lineages M ale Lineages M ore T he Chukchi people are the native Siberians of the Chukchi Peninsula, also called Chukotka, the far northeast corner of Siberia. Chukotka is region of Asia separated from Alaska at the Bering Strait. The Chukchi are both coastal hunters of sea mammals and interior reindeer breeders and herders. Dogs played a role in the historic cultures of both groups. Who are the Chukchi ? Here are resources from recent genetic research on the native peoples of Siberia and the Americas, useful in a search for answers.
United States Links - Native Americans And The Environment in The Citizen's Handbook of north Carolina's Environmental and databases, but sofar nothing really Good materials on temperate forests and native peoples. http://www.indians.org/library/reus.html
Extractions: United States Links Alaska Department of Fish and Game Technical Abstracts on Subsistence The Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Subsistence Division, provides a list of abstracts of its technical papers on subsistence hunting and fishing. Many address native communities. They also provide detailed information about the commercial fishery, via their home page. cf. also Indian Treaty Rights Chief Big Foot National Memorial Park Discusses this proposed park memorializing the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Co-management in Washington State Memorandum of Understanding between Federally Recognized Tribes of Washington State and the State of WashingtonEnvironmental Protection. Agreement to cooperatively manage, protect and restore fish and wildlife habitat. This is the ultimate outcome to Phase II of the Boldt Decision (1974).
Native Americans Quiz native americans were to the peoples of north eastern Asia of people meant new arrivalsfar apart from http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/quizzes/natives/native_americans.htm
Extractions: you will be taken to the suggested links. When Indian European Tudor Viking explorers arrived in America in they found around 5 million 2 million 500 thousand 100 thousand Native Americans living there. The Europeans mistakenly called them Natives Americans Chinese Indians , thinking they had landed in the Indies in the Far East of Asia Russia Europe America These 'Indians' belonged to at least different tribes and spoke over different languages. Each tribe spoke a separate similar identical European language, and their houses, houses weather clothes style and entertainment differed. However, they all followed a separate similar identical European life based on hunting and farming killing warfare industry These Native Americans were related scared fighters near to the peoples of north eastern Asia. It is thought that their ancestors crossed a
NATIVE AMERICAN SPIRITUALITY A general overview with quotes, essays, and links.Category Society Religion and Spirituality native American Religious traditions of aboriginal peoples around the world tend to be believe thattheir ancestors have been present in north America as far back as http://www.religioustolerance.org/nataspir.htm
Extractions: NATIVE AMERICAN SPIRITUALITY Click Here to Visit our Sponsors. " The culture, values and traditions of native people amount to more than crafts and carvings. Their respect for the wisdom of their elders, their concept of family responsibilities extending beyond the nuclear family to embrace a whole village, their respect for the environment, their willingness to share - all of these values persist within their own culture even though they have been under unremitting pressure to abandon them. " Mr. Justice Thomas Berger, Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry, (aka the Berger Inquiry). " Rather than going to church, I attend a sweat lodge; rather than accepting bread and toast [sic] from the Holy Priest, I smoke a ceremonial pipe to come into Communion with the Great Spirit; and rather than kneeling with my hands placed together in prayer, I let sweetgrass be feathered over my entire being for spiritual cleansing and allow the smoke to carry my prayers into the heavens. I am a Mi'kmaq, and this is how we pray. " Noah Augustine, from his article "
