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Chapters: Palace of Culture and Science, Warsaw, Samizdat, Orange Alternative, Służba Bezpieczeństwa, History of Poland, Central and Eastern Europe, Recovered Territories, Kielce Pogrom, Oder-Neisse Line, Polish October, Anti-Jewish Violence in Poland, 1944-1946, Pope Pius Xii and Poland, Northern Group of Forces, Polish Government-In-Exile, Cursed Soldiers, Poznań 1956 Protests, Kraków Pogrom, Operation Vistula, Commission for the Determination of Place Names, June 1976 Protests, August 31, 1982 Demonstrations in Poland, 1968 Polish Political Crisis, Martial Law in Poland, Polish Legislative Election, 1947, Administrative Division of the People's Republic of Poland, Attack on the Nkvd Camp in Rembertów, Vatican and Eastern Europe, Raids on Communist Prisons in Poland, Poles in the Former Soviet Union, Otłoczyn Railway Accident, Flying University, Polish Workers' Party, Trial of the Sixteen, Central Labour Camp Jaworzno, Socialist Realism in Poland, Polish Legislative Election, 1957, Soviet Reaction to the Polish Crisis of 1980-1981, Hieronim Dekutowski, Wojskowy Instytut Geograficzny, Polish 1970 Protests, Main Directorate of Information of the Polish Army, Polish People's Referendum, 1946, Wołów Bank Robbery, Lustration in Poland, Inter-Enterprise Strike Committee, Gdańsk Agreement, 1985 Zieliński Brothers Escape, Polish Round Table Agreement, 1951 Polish-soviet Territorial Exchange, Provisional Government of National Unity, Battle of Kuryłówka, 1951 Mokotów Prison Execution, Solidarity Citizens' Committee, Action Hyacinth, Fighting Solidarity, Battle for Trade, Free Trade Unions of the Coast, Warschauer Kniefall, Letter of Reconciliation of the Polish Bishops to the German Bishops, Letter of 59, 21 Demands of Mks, Pewex, Public Execution in Dębica, Workers' Defence Committee, Belweder, All-Poland Alliance of Trade Unions, Polish Underground Press, Pacification of Wujek, Polish Legislative Election, 1961, Generation of Co...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1665978 ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Ministry of Public Education, Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland, Health and Welfare Canada. Not illustrated. Excerpt: The Ministry of Public Education (Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione, or MPI) was (1861-1929; 1944-2001; 2006-2008) was the organ of the Italian Republic devoted to the administration of the national socialism. It has now been merged into the Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (MIUR). Set up in 1861 under the Cavour cabinet, it was suppressed on 12 September 1929 by Benito Mussolini's cabinet, and replaced by the Ministero dell'Educazione Nazionale (Ministry of National Education). This name persisted until 29 May 1944 (ie until under the second cabinet of Pietro Badoglio), and the second Ivanoe Bonomi cabinet had it revert to its original name (della Pubblica Istruzione). It remained unchanged until 14 December 1974, when Giovanni Spadolini (then head of government) created the Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali, which took over responsibilities and functions from this and other ministries. In 1988, the Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica also subsumed some of the education ministry's responsibilities. In the first Romano Prodi cabinet the two were merged into the Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione, Università, Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica, then the Ministero dell'istruzione, dell'università e della ricerca (MIUR) in the second and third Silvio Berlusconi cabinets. The two were re-separated in the second Prodi cabinet of 17 May 2006, but then re-merged in the fourth Berlusconi cabinet of 7 May 2007. At its end in 2007, the Ministry consisted of (2007): ... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=17747623 ... Read more

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This volume was published in 1864.

This is an easy read for those who love to read about mid-19th century Eastern Europe and Russia from the viewpoint of an outsider.The author shares touching stories about the royals as well as the peasants and, as you can see below, he covers a variety of subjects.

Chapters:

Chapter 1 - The English Government and the Poles
Chapter 2 - Prince Wittgenstein's Letter
Chapter 3 - Wilna
Chapter 4 - General Mouravieff
Chapter 5 - Prison Hospitals
Chapter 6 - Wounded Insurgents
Chapter 7 - Political Prisoners
Chapter 8 - Political Assassins
Chapter 9 - Courts-Martial
Chapter 10 - Peasant-Duputations
Chapter 11 - Werkey
Chapter 12 - The House of Radzovill
Chapter 13 - The Bisons
Chapter 14 - Memories of 1812
Chapter 15 - Bad Omens
Chapter 16 - Napoleon's Writing Table
Chapter 17 - Flight from Wilna
Chapter 18 - Repentant Insurgents
Chapter 19 - State of Lithuania
Chapter 20 - Warsaw
Chapter 21 - The Consul General
Chapter 22 - Count DeBerg
Chapter 23 - The Spirit of the Press
Chapter 24 - The Grand Duke Constantine
Chapter 25 - The Grand Duchess
Chapter 26 - Assassination and the Catholic Church
Chapter 27 - The Soiree at the Viceregal Court
Chapter 28 - The Citadel of Warsaw
Chapter 29 - The Prison Diet
Chapter 30 - Female Prisoners
Chapter 31 - The Male Prisoners
Chapter 32 - Torture of Political Prisoners
Chapter 33 - Attempt to Murder Count DeBerg
Chapter 34 - The Panic
Chapter 35 - The Monasteries
Chapter 36 - The Catholic Priesthood and the Poignard
Chapter 37 - General Trepoff
Chapter 38 - A Mother's Prayers
Chapter 39 - The Carbonari
Chapter 40 - Sentenced to Death
Chapter 41 - Torture at Warsaw
Chapter 42 - Manifesto of the National Government
Chapter 43 - Pack the Press
Chapter 44 - Foreigh Journals
Chapter 45 - Poland and Italy
Chapter 46 - Actual State of Poland

A few excerpts from the book:
-" You will be surprised when I tell you," the Grand Duchess said, "that I leave this place with the greatest regret.It is a general idea that we are only attached to places where we have been happy, but yet this palace is dear to me, though it is here that I have first known real sorrow.It was here, in this room,
that I received my wounded husband the night the attempt was made upon his life.He had changed his dress and mastered the pain of his wound, and also his weakness from loss of blood, so that I might not be alarmed; for the doctor thought that in my then state of health any violent shock might have a fatal effect."

- When the secret of the Polish revolution was discovered, when numbers of the anti-Russian Poles perceived that they had been deceived, that they had unwittingly sold themselves to a secret society, which as Kossuth expressed it, saura se faire obeir, they would most willingly have retired from the trap into which they had fallen, but the issue was barred with poignards. The exactions of the soi-disant National Government were exorbitant.There is scarcely a landed proprietor in the country
whose revenue has not become embarrassed by the sums he has been obliged to pay to the revolutionists. I have seen nobles and
large landed proprietors living in hourly terror of assassination, barricaded in their own houses, dreading the entrance of the " hanging gendarmerie," to whose presence in the country they might have been themselves instrumental, but who now kept them in perpetual terror.

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In this groundbreaking book, Wierzbicka demonstrates that every language has its "key concepts" and that these key concepts reflect the core values of the culture. Further, she argues that within a culture-independent analytical framework one can study, compare, and even explain cultures to outsiders through their key concepts. The framework Wierzbicka proposes is the well-known "natural semantic metalanguage" that she developed with her colleagues. For this study, Wierzbicka focuses on four languages and cultures:Japanese, Australian English, Polish, and Russian. She identifies "culture laden" words in each of these languages; these words are, in a sense, "untranslatable." She shows, however, that the words can be "explained" by means of the semantic metalanguage's hypothetical semantic primitives such as someone, something, do, happen, want, say, know, think, good, bad, etc. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (2)

Fascinating stuff.
Contrary to the previous reviewer's opinion, I found this book fascinating.I don't have a Ph.D. in linguistics either.

Her claim is *not* that one cannot understand the key words of a culture without beingimmersed in the culture, only that one cannot understnad the key words of aculture by means of simplistic translations or definitions.She attemptsto provide careful and precise definitions, given in what she calls the"Natural Semantic Metalanguage" -- an extremely restrictedvocabulary consisting of words that, as far as she has been able to tellvia research, have equivalents in every natural language.

I don't buy allof her "Natural Semantic Metalanguage" theories (for which seeher other book _Semantics: Primes and Universals_) but it sure is a usefultool for the job she's doing here.

Wierzbicka's academic fluff chokes meanings.
I read this book for an athropology class at a western private university.I have to say that while Wierzbicka's domination of different languages is impressive, her "fluffy" explanations of the key words in thebook tend to bore the reader, thus leaving him/her more confused about themeanings of the key words than before.Furthermore, her findings tend toundermine her own premise that a culture's key words cannot be understoodexcept by understanding the culture itself.No one person can claim toexplain--as she does--what certain words mean within their cultural realmwithout having been immmersed totally in that culture (usually born andraised).Thus, one is lead to believe that even she doesn't understand the"key words" totally, and her credibility is therefore undermined. I wouldn't recommend the book to anyone with less than a Ph.D. inLinguistics. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from National Catholic Reporter, published by National Catholic Reporter on December 26, 2008. The length of the article is 1717 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Echoes of Poland's Jewish past: progress has been made against anti-Semitism since the war, but today's religious climate remains a mixed bag in this mostly Catholic country.(WORLD)
Author: Donald Snyder
Publication: National Catholic Reporter (Magazine/Journal)
Date: December 26, 2008
Publisher: National Catholic Reporter
Volume: 45Issue: 5Page: 12(2)

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Examines the history, politics, and culture of Poland, with an emphasis on its transition from a communist to a free nation. ... Read more

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First experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. This report;Poland contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partnersTable of Content : Summary and main recommendation; Résumé et principales recommandations; Introduction; Chapter 1. The Challenge Ahea Chapter 2. Initial Education and On-the-Job Training; Chapter 3. Demand-Side Opportunities and Barriers; Chapter 4. The Role of Welfare and Activation Policies; Bibliography ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Mortgage Banking, published by Mortgage Bankers Association of America on March 1, 1993. The length of the article is 4526 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Cultures in transition. (transition to free market system in Russia and Poland)
Author: Stephen B. Ashley
Publication: Mortgage Banking (Magazine/Journal)
Date: March 1, 1993
Publisher: Mortgage Bankers Association of America
Volume: v53Issue: n6Page: p52(6)

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This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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A description and history of the Jewish people in Russia and Poland at the beginning of World War I. Delivered as part of a lecture series in Philadelphia at the Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning.Contains what appears to be a pre-World War I map of Poland opposit the title page. ... Read more

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Polish culture during World War II. Invasion of Poland (1939), History of Poland (1939?1945), Occupation of Poland (1939?1945), Education in Poland during World War II, Polish literature during World War II, Cultural representations of the Warsaw Uprising, Home front during World War II, Nazi crimes against ethnic Poles, The Holocaust in Poland, Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939?1946) ... Read more

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This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature. ... Read more

Product Description
This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature. ... Read more