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This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process.We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free.This is an OCR edition with typos.Excerpt from book:of Uman. In perpetrating these massacres, the Haidamacks were encouraged by the Russians and,—a terrible omen for the future,—a fictitious ukase was circulated in the name of Catherine II calling upon the Greek Orthodox to murder the Poles and the Jews. These cruelties marked the entry of the new owner into the ownerless house. Four years later, in 1772, the first partition of Poland was an accomplished fact.History of Polish Jews after 1772I shall now, in conclusion, pass in rapid survey the salient facts of Polish-Jewish history after 1772. The first partition of Poland split Polish Jewry into three parts. The Jewry of the province of Posen soon fell under the spell of German culture, and while still manifesting a distinct and vigorous mentality, which singles it out even within the highly cultivated mentality of German Jewry, has been lost forever to its old Polish associations. Galicia fell at first under the misdirected policy of compulsory enlightenment of Joseph II and, though for the last two generations protected and favoured by the benign sway of Francis Joseph, has been kept by the Polish rulers of the land in a state of economic helplessness and spiritual depression.As for Poland proper, the catastrophe of 1772 seemed at first to bring the nation to its senses. Ina fit of repentance the Polish people began to remedy the evils which had led it to ruin. The Jewish problem could not but force itself on its attention. The investigation of a special committee had brought out the fact that the Jews, who multiplied rapidly, now formed nearly one-eighth of the whole population. They furnished nearly 50% of the artisans of the country and controlled 75% f the exports, but were, in spite, or rather because, of it, in a precarious economic condition. One-twelfth of th... ... Read more

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From the author's preface: "This book is, I believe, the only existing compendium, in English, of the political history of Poland and Russia, from the middle of the fifteenth to the end of the eighteenth century, when the Polish Republic disappeared from the map of Europe and the Russian Empire took its place as the head and right arm of the Slavonic world."

At the time of original publication in 1908, R. Nisbet Bain was Assistant Librarian of the British Museum.Bain was an outstanding pioneer among British scholars studying Eastern Europe at the turn of the Century.His history of Russia and Poland during these crucial centuries inevitably emphasizes their close political relations while treating the separate histories of each. ... Read more

Product Description
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process.We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration and rapidly growing technology and expanding record-keeping made possible by advances in the printing press. In its determination to preserve the century of revolution, Gale initiated a revolution of its own: digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works in the largest archive of its kind. Now for the first time these high-quality digital copies of original 18th century manuscripts are available in print, making them highly accessible to libraries, undergraduate students, and independent scholars.
Rich in titles on English life and social history, this collection spans the world as it was known to eighteenth-century historians and explorers. Titles include a wealth of travel accounts and diaries, histories of nations from throughout the world, and maps and charts of a world that was still being discovered. Students of the War of American Independence will find fascinating accounts from the British side of conflict.
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The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification:
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British Library

N017741

Anonymous. By Stephen Jones.With an index.

Dublin : printed by William Porter, for P. Wogan, P. Byrne, W. Porter, W. Jones, J. Rice, and G. Folingsby, 1795. vii,[5],500,[16]p.,plate ; 8° ... Read more

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This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishings Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the worlds literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone! ... Read more

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Poland pioneered the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. Domestic reformism and the negotiated abdication of ruling elites in 1989 have structured the country's politics in the 1990s. But the division between the communist and Solidarity camps continues to cause problems for a potential reform coalition aiming to complete modernisation through the restructuring required for EU membership. Secular-Catholic and rural-urban conflicts, and well as the growing regional split between the north-west and south-east, have fragmented political life and the party system. Nevertheless, Poland has made remarkable steps in theconsolidation of democracy and the development of her political system, whilst maintaining social stability; she is also successfully transcending her historical security dilemma of open western and eastern frontiers and stronger, aggressive neighbours, by embedding herself in Europe through membership of NATO and the EU. Poland is overcoming her historical problems and ... Read more

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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This work covers the entire range of Polish history from the consolidation of the peaceful tribes of 'Polanie' into an organized Christian state in the tenth century to the failure of Communism and Lech Walesa's inauguration as President. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Poland's Prewar Minorities in Perspective
Halecki has written a one-volume history of Poland, from prehistory to the first non-Communist government in 1989. He covers a lot of ground, with necessary brevity on each topic. I will focus on only a few points.

Ever so often we hear, to this day, about the "injustice" of the fact that large numbers of Ukrainians and Byelorussians found themselves within the borders of the prewar Polish state. The Soviet Union, ironically an ethnic-composite state consisting mostly of non-Russians, prattled about the need for Poland to have "ethnographic borders". The west bought into it, and agreed, at Teheran, to the giveaway of Poland's eastern half (Kresy) to the Soviet Union. Halecki points out that the prewar Polish eastern frontier also had left millions of ethnic Poles outside of Poland, and as minorities in Byelorussia and the Ukraine (p. 296). One could just as easily have argued that this situation was unfair, and that Poland's border should have been relocated further EAST. In any event, one wonders why the non-Polish inhabitants of the Kresy had assumed the significance they did in British and American thinking, while the Polish minorities east of the Zbrucz never assumed such significance. An obvious double standard was at work!

But Halecki is no apologist for Polish conduct towards her minorities. He acknowledges the fact that Polish policies towards Ukrainians failed to reconcile them to the Polish state. In his earlier discussion of the Chmielnicki (Khmelnytsky) revolt, he points out that the aristocracy under attack was not only Polish but also Ruthenian (Ukrainian) in large part (p. 156).

... Read more