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General Relativity
A brief overview of general relativity in nontechnical terms.Category Science Physics Relativity OverviewsGeneral relativity a very weird world. This is General relativitya brief explanation of the fundamentals ideas. Before beginning
http://www.svsu.edu/~slaven/gr/

Extractions: a very weird world This is the English translation of a webpage originally written in French , by Nymbus , who also provided the translation. I've agreed to post it here at my own website, and have cleaned up the translation a bit, editing for grammar, and so on, but leaving the content untouched, I think. So any comments or questions should be addressed to nymbus@wanadoo.fr . It's his project. (Although, if there's a problem with the page such as the images not showing up or special characters not appearing, send word to me .) Dave This page has also been translated into Spanish At times, this page alludes to concepts from the special theory of relativity, which are explored here General relativity: a brief explanation of the fundamentals ideas Before beginning this brief article, dealing with the essential features of general relativity, we have to postulate one thing: special relativity is supposed to be true. Hence, general relativity lies on special relativity. If the latter were proved to be false, the whole edifice would collapse. In order to understand general relativity, we have to define how mass is defined in classical mechanics.
Lecture Notes On General Relativity
This homepage contains lecture notes on the course of general relativity FX2/H97 read in the fall Category Science Physics Relativity Courses and TutorialsGeneral Relativity This homepage contains lecture notes on the course of generalrelativity FX2/H97 read in the fall semester 1997 at the Physics Institute of
http://www.asu.cas.cz/~had/gr.html

Extractions: This homepage contains lecture notes on the course of general relativity FX2/H97 read in the fall semester 1997 at the Physics Institute of NTNU, Trondheim. Some parts were added later. It is still under construction (see the dates of last revision of each chapter). Some viewers do not allow to see the PS-files on the screen. However, you can download it (using the 'save'-command) and print it on a PostScript printer.
[gr-qc/9911051] Complex Geometry Of Nature And General Relativity
A paper by Giampiero Esposito attempting to give a self-contained introduction to holomorphic ideas Category Science Physics Mathematical PhysicsGeneral Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, abstract grqc/9911051. From Giampiero 124kb)Complex Geometry of Nature and General Relativity. Author
http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9911051
General Relativity
A brief history of the development of general relativity with hyperlinks to biographies of each contributor.Category Science Physics Relativity OverviewsGeneral relativity. The final steps to the theory of general relativitywere taken by Einstein and Hilbert at almost the same time.
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/General_relativity.html

Extractions: General relativity is a theory of gravitation and to understand the background to the theory we have to look at how theories of gravitation developed. Aristotle 's notion of the motion of bodies impeded understanding of gravitation for a long time. He believed that force could only be applied by contact, force at a distance being impossible, and a constant force was required to maintain a body in uniform motion. Copernicus 's view of the solar system was important as it allowed sensible consideration of gravitation. Kepler 's laws of planetary motion and Galileo 's understanding of the motion and falling bodies set the scene for Newton 's theory of gravity which was presented in the Principia in 1687. Newton 's law of gravitation is expressed by F G M M d where F is the force between the bodies of masses M M and d is the distance between them. G is the universal gravitational constant. After receiving their definitive analytic form from Euler Newton 's axioms of motion were reworked by Lagrange Hamilton , and Jacobi into very powerful and general methods, which employed new analytic quantities, such as potential, related to force but remote from everyday experience.
8.962 General Relativity General Information, Spring 2002
8.962 General Information, Spring 2002. Instructor Prof. Edmund Bertschinger,x35083, room 37-602A; TA/Grader Alexander Shirokov, x3-6094, room 37-638C;
http://arcturus.mit.edu/8.962/info.html

Extractions: Instructor: Prof. Edmund Bertschinger , x3-5083, room 37-602A TA/Grader: Alexander Shirokov , x3-6094, room 37-638C Hours: Lectures : Tuesdays and Thursdays 9:30-11:00am in Room 4-163 Recitation : Tuesdays 1-2pm in Room 4-231 Prof. Bertschinger's office hours Wednesday 10am-noon in room 37-656 Problem sets are due Thursday 9:30am in class according to the schedule posted in the syllabus Alexander Shirokov's office hours Wednesday 2-3pm in room 37-656 Textbook: Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler 1972, Gravitation. Online lecture notes: 8.962 Notes and reprints will be posted here and/or distributed in class. Sean Carroll's notes from 8.962 Spring 1996 Grading: The grade will be based on 12 problem sets handed out and collected according to the schedule posted in the syllabus. There will be no final exam or other assignments. Homework Policy: You may discuss homework problems with others but must write up your own solutions. This is a graduate course and I assume that you wish to learn the material; the problem sets provide a good way to achieve this goal. Unless prior arrangements are made with Prof. Bertschinger, no credit will be given for problem sets handed in after solutions are posted online (generally on or shortly after the due date). Syllabus
Kluwer Academic Publishers - General Relativity And Gravitation
Similar pages www.kluweronline.com/issn/00017701/contents Similar pages More results from www.kluweronline.com Albert Einstein presents special theory of relativity general 19 Albert Einstein presents special theory of relativity general relativitytheory to follow (1905) Physicist Albert Einstein presents four important
http://www.kluweronline.com/issn/0001-7701/current
[gr-qc/0301019] Ellipsoidal Shapes In General Relativity: General Definitions An
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, abstract grqc/0301019. Ellipsoidalshapes in general relativity general definitions and an application.
http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0301019

Extractions: A generalization of the notion of ellipsoids to curved Riemannian spaces is given and its possible use to describe the shapes of rotating bodies in general relativity is considered. As an illustrative example, stationary, axisymmetric perfect-fluid spacetimes with a so-called confocal inside ellipsoidal symmetry are investigated in detail under the assumption that the 4-velocity of the fluid is parallel to a time-like Killing vector field. A class of perfect-fluid metrics representing interior NUT-spacetimes is obtained along with a vacuum solution with a non-zero cosmological constant. References and citations for this submission:
Edwin F. Taylor - General Relativity
General Relativity. Exploring Black Holes Introduction to General RelativityEdwin F. Taylor and John Archibald Wheeler Addison Wesley Longman.
http://www.eftaylor.com/general.html

Extractions: Addison Wesley Longman Albert Einstein told us that a star or other massive object distorts spacetime in its vicinity. Sufficient distortion makes it impossible to describe matter and motion with the single "inertial reference frame" used in Newton's theory of mechanics and Einstein's theory of special relativity. General relativity describes the distortion of spacetime near a star, white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole and predicts the resulting motion of stones, satellites, and light flashes. Learning general relativity usually requires mastering Einstein's field equations, which are expressed in the complicated mathematics of tensors or differential forms. But big chunks of general relativity require only calculus if one starts with the metric describing spacetime around Earth or black hole. Expressions for energy and angular momentum follow, along with predictions for the motions of particles and light. Students study the Global Positioning system, precession of Mercury's orbit, gravitational red shift, orbits of light and deflection of light by Sun, the gravitational retardation of light, and frame-dragging near a rotating body.
General Relativity
General Relativity. General relativity is the theory of spacetime structureand gravitation formulated by Einstein in 1915. Present
http://efi.uchicago.edu/general_relativity.txt.html

Extractions: General relativity is the theory of spacetime structure and gravitation formulated by Einstein in 1915. Present day research in general relativity focuses mainly on three major areas: (1) mathematical aspects of the classical theory of general relativity, (2) implications of the theory for astrophysics and cosmology and (3) the quantum theory of gravitation. Research in all of these areas is actively pursued at Chicago. Although the classical theory of general relativity is a complete, well-formulated theory, the equations of the theory are sufficiently difficult to solve in general situations that we still do not know precisely what the theory predicts in a wide variety of circumstances. Thus, a great deal of effort has gone into proving general theorems about aspects such as the inevitability of gravitational collapse to singularities under a wide variety of initial conditions. In addition, because of the basic framework of the theory abandons the pre-assigned, rigid spacetime structure of special relativity, the definition of such an elementary property as the angular momentum of an isolated system becomes highly nontrivial and a number of other simple issues regarding properties of isolated systems have not been resolved. Research in these and other mathematical aspects of classical general relativity is actively pursued at Chicago, primarily by Robert Geroch. One of the most striking consequences of general relativity is its prediction of the existence of black holesthe "regions of no escape" formed by the complete gravitational collapse of a body. It has been proven that black holes are uniquely determined by their mass, angular momentum, and electric charge, and many remarkable predictionssuch as the possibility of the extraction of energy from a rotating black holehave been made. In addition, the equations describing the propagation of small electromagnetic and gravitational disturbances near a black hole possess many remarkable properties. Research in this area has been actively pursued at Chicago.
General Relativity - Wikipedia
Other languages Español. General relativity. General Relativity is the commonname for the theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915.
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity

Extractions: Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Other languages: Polski From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. General Relativity is the common name for the theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in . According to general relativity the force of gravity is a manifestation of the local geometry of spacetime . Although the modern theory is due to Einstein, its origins go back to the axioms of Euclidean geometry and the many attempts over the centuries to prove Euclid 's fifth postulate, that parallel lines remain always equidistant, culminating with the realisation by Bolyai and Gauss that this axiom need not be true. The general mathematics of non-Euclidean geometries was developed by Gauss' student
Unit Description: General Relativity
General Relativity (MATH 41700). Unit aims. Introduction to the mathematical, physicaland philosophical aspects of Einstein's theory of general relativity.
http://www.maths.bris.ac.uk/~madhg/unitinfo/current/l4_units/gen_rel.htm

Extractions: Texts and Syllabus Unit number and title: MATH 41700 General Relativity Level: Credit point value: 20 credit points Year: First Given in this form : 1999/2000 Lecturer/organiser: Dr. C. Dettmann Semester: Timetable: Monday 12.10pm, Thursday 11.10pm, Friday 12.10pm Prerequisites: Either Physics 1A or MATH 31800 Special Relativity Home Page: http://www.maths.bris.ac.uk/~macpd/gen_rel/index.html Introduction to the mathematical, physical and philosophical aspects of Einstein's theory of general relativity. General relativity is a physical theory, in which gravitational effects are incorporated into the four dimensional space-time of special relativity by making it curved. The motion of particles in a gravitational field is simply described by saying that they take paths of extremal length (geodesics) in space-time. General relativity is needed to describe small effects in weak gravitational fields such as the gravitational time dilation (essential for precise timing as in the GPS navigation system: see Physics Today, May 2002) and the bending of light (leading to gravitational lensing effects) but the most spectacular predictions such as black holes are a consequence of the theory applied to strong gravitational fields. It is also needed to understand the large scale structure of the Universe, covered in the related level 4 unit in physics
General Relativity
General Theory of Relativity. Just as moving clocks run slow, GeneralRelativity predicts that clocks in gravitational fields run slow.
http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/GenRel/GenRel.html

Extractions: Click here to go to the UPSCALE home page. Click here to go to the JPU200Y home page. Click here to go to the Physics Virtual Bookshelf. Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity of 1905 concerns itself with observers who are in uniform relative motion. His General Theory of Relativity of 1916 considers observers in any state of relative motion including acceleration. It will turn out that this will also be a theory of gravitation. This document introduces the General Theory of Relativity. Einstein used three different pieces to built the General Theory of Relativity, which we describe here. Consider the figure to the right, which shows a distant star, the Sun, and the Earth. Clearly the figure is not drawn to scale. There is a straight dotted line connecting the star and the Earth. Imagine a light ray that leaves the star along the dotted line: it is headed directly for the Earth. However, we know that E = m c . And since the light that left the star has energy, we now know that it also has a mass. And
Journal Of Theoretics
The Crash of General relativity generalRelativistic Time Dilation ContradictsGravitational Time Slowing Experiments. General Theory of Relativity (GTR).
http://www.journaloftheoretics.com/Articles/3-5/Str_tdil1.htm

Extractions: Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, RUSSIA Abstract: It is shown that general-relativistic (like special-relativistic) time is larger than the proper one (gravitational time dilation). This conclusion contradicts the experiments on the gravitation time slowing down. Special Theory of Relativity (STR) Recall that time t plays the role of the fourth coordinate of the united Minkowski space-time. As a result, according to STR, the duration of physical processes depends on movement velocity v. This is expressed by the known equation of relativistic time dilation (increase) /c One should pay attention to a poor expression: "time dilation." As known, the change of time rate is conditioned by changing the time standard. But in the given case, dt and dτ are measured in the same seconds. The increase of the lifetime of moving elementary particles (relativistic time is larger than the proper one) is the known consequence of eq.(1).
General Term: General Relativity
General Relativity. An extension of Einsteins theory of special relativity toinclude gravity and other noninertial (accelerating) frames of reference.
http://www.counterbalance.net/physgloss/grel-body.html
Gr
This is bunch of interconnected web pages that serve as an informal introduction to general relativity .Category Science Physics relativity Courses and Tutorialsgeneral relativity Tutorial. John Baez. This is bunch of interconnected webpages that serve as an informal introduction to general relativity.
http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/gr/gr.html

Extractions: This is bunch of interconnected web pages that serve as an informal introduction to general relativity. The goal is to demystify general relativity and get across the key ideas without big complicated calculations. You can begin by reading a Clicking on any of the underlined key concepts will then take you to the corresponding point in a more detailed In the long course outline, clicking on any underlined key concept will take you to a still more detailed exposition of that concept. Alternatively, you can begin to read some of the adventures of However, unless you are already familiar with general relativity, to understand these adventures you will need to look at the other material from time to time. All this material originated on sci.physics. Much of it is written by Oz and me, but there are also substantial contributions by Ted Bunn, Ed Green, Keith Ramsay, Bruce Scott, Bronis Vidugiris, and Michael Weiss. General relativity is usually written with lots of superscripts and subscripts. Mitchell Charity has kindly improved these web pages so that they look nice. However, not all web browsers can handle this.
Hyperspace GR Hypertext
A set of hypertext based services for general relativity research provided by the QMW relativity group.Category Science Physics relativity Dunsby's Internet GR course at Cape Town. The general relativity NewsArchives. general relativity and Quantum Cosmology Preprints.
http://www.maths.qmw.ac.uk/hyperspace/

Extractions: This service is sponsored by the International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation Welcome to the HyperSpace service at QMW, a set of hypertext based services for general relativity research provided by the QMW Relativity group, based on a similar service at the University of British Columbia. Software is by Steve Braham We have the following: Address searches Here we have a nifty forms-based program, GR, that searches a list of e-mail and snail mail addresses important to the GR community. It has many personas that cross-reference each other in an intelligent way so that searching is made easy. It also gives links to various preprint databases. We have the following: or you can access a simple version of each persona if you do not have forms support: GR/people Finds the e-mail and snail mail addresses of people in the GR community. GR/journal Finds the e-mail and snail mail addresses of journals and GR research groups.
Einstein, Albert. 1920. Relativity: The Special And General Theory
Has more than 50 short essays, with equations, explaining the concepts of general relativity. Includes a message board, a chat room and links.
http://www.bartleby.com/173

Extractions: Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Nonfiction Albert Einstein Who would imagine that this simple law [constancy of the velocity of light] has plunged the conscientiously thoughtful physicist into the greatest intellectual difficulties? Chap. VII
Differential Gometry And General Relativity
Introduction to differential geometry and general relativity by Stefan Waner at Hofstra University in HTML.
http://people.hofstra.edu/faculty/Stefan_Waner/diff_geom/tc.html

Extractions: Department of Mathematics, Hofstra University TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Preliminaries: Distance, Open Sets, Parametric Surfaces and Smooth Functions 2. Smooth Manifolds and Scalar Fields 3. Tangent Vectors and the Tangent Space 4. Contravariant and Covariant Vector Fields ... Download the latest version of the differential geometry/relativity notes in PDF format References and Suggested Further Reading
General Relativity Simulation Contest
The purpose of this Contest is to prove general relativity using a (simple) algorithm.
http://users.pandora.be/nicvroom/contest.htm

Extractions: The Contest consist of the following task: Write one general purpose program (any programming language will do) which simulates the movement of n objects over a certain period of time. The simulation method used (algorithms), should be based on the Rules of General Relativity. The program should be able to simulate and demonstrate the following examples: Forward movement (perihelion shift) of the planet Mercury (43 arc sec angle) around the Sun. The bending of light around the Sun (1.75 sec). The movement of a binary star system. The stars should spiral together. A clock in a space ship around the Earth. Twin paradox (SR). i.e. at least two clocks should be included. The behaviour of black holes. The results of the simulation should match actual observations. For the rules of General Relativity see the following: General Relativity with John Baez
Relativity: The Special And General Theory
Albert Einstein Reference Archive The Special and general Theory Source relativity The Special and general Theory © 1920 Publisher Methuen Co Ltd First Published December, 1916 Translated Robert W. Lawson (Authorised translation)
http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/einstein/works/1910s/relative

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