Product Description
Focusing attention on gravity-fed water-flow systems in medieval cities and monasteries, Water Technology in the Middle Ages: Cities, Monasteries, and Waterworks after the Roman Empire challenges the view that hydraulic engineering died with the Romans and remained moribund until the Renaissance. Roberta Magnusson explores the systems' technologies—how they worked, what uses the water served—and also the social rifts that created struggles over access to this basic necessity.

Mindful of theoretical questions about what hastens technological change and how society and technology mutually influence one another, the author supplies a thoughtful and instructive study. Archeological, historical, and literary evidence vividly depicts those who designed, constructed, and used medieval water systems and demonstrates a shift from a public-administrative to a private-innovative framework—one that argues for the importance of local initiatives.

"The following chapters attempt to chart a course between the Scylla and Charybdis of technological and social determinism. While writing them, I have tried to strike a balance between the technical and human aspects of medieval hydraulic systems, and to remember that beneath the welter of documents and diffusion patterns, configurations and components, ordinances and expenditures, lie the perceptions, the choices, and often the plain hard work of individual men and women." —from the Preface ... Read more

Product Description
Focusing on the Roman Empire, this teacher's resource pack corresponds to one of a series which provides simplified versions of topics covered in the "Heinemann History Study Units" series. The text, written sources and questions have been reduced and simplified to meet the needs of less-able pupils at Key Stage 3, but the material is pitched at a level of maturity designed to sustain pupils' interest. ... Read more

Product Description
This pack, which includes photocopiable worksheets and accompanies the corresponding pupil book focusing on the Roman Empire, is one of a history series, modular in structure and offering teachers the flexibility to design their own scheme of work at Key Stage 3 of the National Curriculum. ... Read more

Product Description
This is the Schools History Project's core text for National Curriculum history in Year 7. This book covers two core study units - the Roman Empire and medieval realms (along with a supplementary unit on Islamic civilizations). It builds on links between the three units to provide a culturally balanced and coherent scheme of work for the first year of Key Stage 3. "Contrasts and Connections" is part of the "Discovering the Past" series, an integrated series of colour textbooks covering National Curriculum history for the age range 5 to 16. This pupil's book offers enquiry-based tasks designed to help the reader towards the Attainment Targets. Each enquiry focuses on one particular area of the Attainment Targets. The teacher's resource book offers guidance on the Attainment Targets and assessment, together with photocopiable support and extension material for pupils over a wide ability range. ... Read more