Landru.i-link-2.net/jtrees/text/Nations_of_old-world.txt as generic name for several peoples) Dompago Dyerma speakers Tigun Tiv Ujijili UrhoboVerre Widala 62%) Chinese (15%) see CHINA indigenous (6%) Cambodia http://landru.i-link-2.net/jtrees/text/Nations_of_old-world.txt
CSP - Current Status Of The World's Major Armed Conflicts with Hausa, and Ijaw and urhobo with Itsekeri involving ethnic Langi and Acholi peoplesare linked Peru Civil/Ethnic (indigenous) 0 340,000 Repressed Peruvian http://members.aol.com/CSPmgm/current.htm
Extractions: MAJOR EPISODES OF POLITICAL VIOLENCE (Information current as of September 24, 1999) The following list identifies all known instances of major armed conflict and population displacement in the world in the late 1990s. The list cross-references the list of Major Episodes of Political Violence, compiled by the Center for Systemic Peace (and posted on the CSP website), that are denoted as ongoing at the end of 1998 with information on major population displacements at the end of 1998, compiled by the United States Committee for Refugees (as published in the 1999 World Refugee Survey ). Countries marked by an asterisk (*) are included even though they were not listed by either source cited above. The individual listings for each episode are presented in the following format: Country Conflict (with Group/State) # Refugees # Internal Displaced Type as of 12/31/98 as of 12/31/98 Current status (Qualification): Brief description of the situation. The status of the world's major armed conflicts are assessed by the Center for Systemic Peace according to the following categories: Conflict Type may be listed as Ethnic, Civil, Communal, or Interstate; conflict antagonist(s) is(are) identified in parentheses following Conflict Type. If type is listed as Civil, no antagonist is identified. If type is listed as Communal, the groups engaged in inter-communal violence are identified in the description.
Nigeria - NigeriaExchange - Personalities to search for the origins of peoples by looking close ties existed between variousUrhobo communities and Those original indigenous people of our lands are as http://www.ngex.com/personalities/voices/pekeh110601.htm
Extractions: "British Colonial Treaty of Protection" With Agbassa in Warri District." (Available at September 24, 2001.) American Declaration of Independence [From England] (1776). Reprinted in Seymour Martin Lipset, ed. The Encyclopedia of Democracy, Volume IV, pp. 1432-1434. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1995. Arikpo, Okoi. 1967. The Development of Modern Nigeria. Middlessex, England: Penguin Books. British "Treaties of Protection" in the Niger Delta, 1880s-1890s. (Available at Dudley, Billy J. 1982. An Introduction to Nigerian Government and Politics. London: Macmillan Publishers. Dutch Declaration of Independence [From Spain]. 1581. Reprinted in Seymour Martin Lipset, ed. The Encyclopedia of Democracy, Volume IV, pp. 1429-1431. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1995. Egborge, A. B. M.. 1998.
Untitled Document Delta region that have aroused peoplesÂ’ feelings, causing Unfortunately, the indigenousof the Niger Delta areas such as Abonema, urhobo, Itsekiri, Ukwuani http://www.rjr.ru.ac.za/rjr21/stories/niger_delta.html
Extractions: Erosion is a menace in the Niger Delta villages. by Chinedum Uwaegbulam The Human Factor The Goverment Responds Caked oil in the farmland. They say it was not proper to ask them to pay three percent of their yearly budget into the NDDC account. This amounts to double taxation, as they pay a two percent education tax. However, NDDC has awarded more than 700 contracts valued at N18 billion. But, Nigerian pro-environment groups such as the Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF), Environmental Rights Action (ERA), Environmental Information on Nigeria (ENVIN), Journalists Network for Environmental Conservation (JOUNET), Watch the Niger Delta and others are fighting to restore dignity to the Niger Delta region. Many of them have canvassed for sustainable use of natural resources for the people. They have, at some points, engaged in open confrontations with the government and its agents. And the Plight of the Journalists For Nigerian environmental journalists, covering the Niger delta at a time of crisis is like going to war. One needs courage and commitment. If the problem is serious, police or military protection is required to access communities. The coverage of oil spills is another kettle of fish. Most of the disasters occur in remote areas. A trek of one or two hours is often needed to get to such sites. Where the incident happens in riverine areas, the stakes are higher. A boat ride in the sea for an hour is required. The main constraint for journalists is poor remuneration, more so with government-owned media organisations. Sometimes journalists work for months without salaries. This has impacted on the ethics of the profession.
THE PRICE OF OIL governments.230 A number of indigenous rulers of representatives of the Ijaw and Urhobocommunities that an alliance with the Northern peoplesÂ’ Congress (NPC http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/nigeria/Nigew991-06.htm
Extractions: VI. OIL COMPANIES AND THE OIL PRODUCING COMMUNITIES The coming of the oil industry has transformed the local economy of the oil producing communities. Although the changes are not as profound as those among previously uncontacted peoples of the Amazon rainforest living in areas where oil has been discovered Minorities in the Oil Producing Regions The peoples living in the oil producing communities largely belong to ethnic groups other than the three major groups (Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa-Fulani) that dominate Nigeria. They speak a diverse range of languages and dialects: at least five major language groups are represented in the delta states. There areestimated to be approximately eight million people (there are no reliable census data) who would describe themselves as Ijaw, largely living in the riverine areas of what are now Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers States, as well as in Port Harcourt, Warri, and other towns on dry land. The division between the riverine and upland areas is of major cultural and geopolitical importance in the debates over the rights of the oil areas. Other ethnic groups on dry land in what is now Rivers State include the Ogoni, numbering some 500,000 (themselves divided between four separate dialect groups); several groups speaking languages related to Igbo, including the Etche, Ndoni, and Ikwerre; a number of communities speaking dialects falling into a Central Delta language group; the Andoni, who speak a Lower Cross dialect, and others.
HUMAN RIGHTS REPORTS FOR 2000: NIGERIA Lagos State with the Oodua peoples Congress (OPC a dispute between the Ijaw and Urhoboethnic groups about 10 percent practice traditional indigenous religion or http://www.humanrights-usa.net/reports/nigeria.html
Extractions: Latin America, the Caribbean, and Canada ... Home NIGERIA RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From: a. Political and Other Extrajudicial Killing On May 5, a member of Lagos deputy governor's security detail allegedly killed a young woman when she obstructed the security detail as it was trying to clear traffic for a motorcade. Reports vary as to whether she was in a car or was a pedestrian. The security officer was charged with murder by a magistrate court. At year's end, the case had not been transferred to a court with jurisdiction over murder cases and a trial date had not been set. Police and military personnel used excessive and sometimes deadly force in the suppression of civil unrest, property vandalization, and interethnic violence, primarily in the oil and gas regions of Lagos, Kaduna and Abia states. Confrontations between increasingly militant "youths" (who tend to be unemployed males between the ages of 16 and 40), oil companies, and government authorities continued during the year. Reportedly 28 Delta youths were killed in such conflicts over protests or suspected vandalization near oil flow stations.
Nigeria: Ethnicity, Location And Relationships to Christianity or to a local indigenous religion, and To a lesser extent, the peoplesof the western especially the Bini speakers and Urhobowere culturally http://www.carnelian-international.com/nigeria/Ethnicity.htm
Extractions: The best known of the northern peoples, often spoken of as coterminous with the north, are the Hausa. The term refers also to a language spoken indigenously by savanna peoples spread across the far north from Nigeria's western boundary eastward to Borno State and into much of the territory of southern Niger. The core area lies in the region in the north and northwest where about 30 percent of all Hausa could be found. It also includes a common set of cultural practices and, with some notable exceptions, Islamic emirates that originally comprised a series of centralized governments and their surrounding subject towns and villages. These pre colonial emirates were still major features of local government in 1990. Each had a central citadel town that housed its ruling group of nobles and royalty served as the administrative, judicial, and military organization of these states. Traditionally, the major towns were also trading centres; some such as Kano, Zaria, or Katsina were urban conglomerations with populations of 25,000 to 100,000 in the nineteenth century. They had central markets, special wards for foreign traders, complex organizations of craft specialists, and religious leaders and organizations. They administered a hinterland of subject settlements through a hierarchy of officials, and they interacted with other states and ethnic groups in the region by links of warfare, raiding, trade, tribute, and alliances.
Extractions: Not until recently women had been invisible in many spatial analysis and from the discussion of development theory and practice. The different experience of women as been frequently been marginalized. This is because socio-spatial data which is usually based on sampling of the heads of households who are in most cases males is assumed to take care of the female spatial experiences. If women are discussed, brief recognition may be given to gender differences, but their significance is dismissed in making generalizations. Recent researches bases on sex differentiated data mostly I the developed countries, have shown clearly that there is gender differences in spatial experiences and tat this differences between women and men run through all aspects of urban life: in commuting patterns and transportations use, in patterns of housing and homelessness, in labour force participation and work opportunities and in the use of urban social space.
