21. Acids, Bases And PH acids, bases and pH. An updated version of this lesson is availableat Visionlearning acids bases Water is a funny substance. http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/7-ph.htm

Acids, Bases and pH An updated version of this lesson is available at Visionlearning: Water is a funny substance. It makes possible much of the chemistry that goes on in our bodies and all around us. But most people take for granted the chemical properties of water. We've already learned that water molecules are constantly in motion. And keep in mind that each water molecule carries a dipole, or net charge, across the molecule. As we saw in the atomic bonding lesson, this dipole causes each molecule to behave like a little magnet with a positive and negative end. This dipole causes water molecules to be attracted to each other; the positive hydrogen is attracted to the negative oxygen of a nearby molecule. The MathMol Water and Ice page has put together an excellent simulation of the attraction between 2 water molecules that you can view by clicking here (~160k movie) (Note: white = H, red = O). Because the oxygen atom in water tends to monopolize the electrons in the molecule, the hydrogen protons are only loosely held to the molecule. The attraction between adjacent water molecules allows them to swap hydrogen protons. In fact, many molecules that contain hydrogen can swap protons with water molecules. A simulation of a proton transfer between a molecule of water and a molecule of formic acid is available by clicking here (~158k; white = H, red = O).

22. Chemistry (ACC Riverside Campus) - Relative Strengths Of Acids And Bases Relative Strengths of acids and bases. Acid, Ionization Reaction, Ki. Perchloric Acid, HClO 4 H + + ClO 4 , Hydroiodic Acid, HI H + +I -, http://www2.austin.cc.tx.us/rvsmthsc/chem/chem-Relative.html

Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases Acid Ionization Reaction K i Perchloric Acid HClO H + ClO Hydroiodic Acid HI H + I Hydrobromic Acid HBr H + Br Hydrochloric Acid HCl H + Cl Nitric Acid HNO H + NO Sulfuric Acid H SO H + HSO Oxalic Acid H C O H + HC O 5.4 x 10 Sulfurous Acid H SO H + HSO 1.7 x 10 Hydrogen Sulfate Ion HSO H + SO 1.3 x 10 Phosphoric Acid H PO H + H PO 7.1 x 10 Hydrofluoric Acid HF H + F 6.7 x 10 Nitrous Acid HNO H + NO 5.1 x 10 Benzoic Acid C H COOH H + C H COO 6.6 x 10 Hydrogen Oxalate Ion HC O H + C O 5.4 x 10 Acetic Acid HC H O H + C H O 1.8 x 10 Carbonic Acid H CO H + HCO 4.4 x 10 Hydrogen Sulfide H S H + HS 1.0 x 10 Dihydrogen Phosphate Ion H PO H + HPO 6.3 x 10 Hydrogen Sulfite Ion HSO H + SO 6.2 x 10 Hydrocyanic Acid HCN H + CN 4.9 x 10 Ammonium Ion NH H + NH 5.7 x 10 Hydrogen Carbonate Ion HCO H + CO 4.7 x 10 Hydrogen Peroxide H O H + HO 2.4 x 10 Monohydrogen Phosphate Ion HPO H + PO 4.4 x 10 Hydrogen Sulfide Ion HS H + S 1.3 x 10 Water H O H + OH 1.0 x 10 Hydroxide Ion OH H + O 1 x 10 Ammonia NH H + NH very small Base Ionization Reaction K i Ammonium Hydroxide NH OH NH + OH 1.8 x 10

23. Acids And Bases acids and bases. acids are substances that donate protons (hydrogen ions,H + ) to bases. bases are substances that accept protons from acids. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/Acids_Bases.html

Acids and Bases Acids are substances that donate protons (hydrogen ions, H ) to bases. Bases are substances that accept protons from acids. Let's look at an example. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a gas. Its two atoms are held together by a shared pair of electrons. However, the chlorine atom is so much more electronegative than hydrogen, that the bond between them is polar covalent Link to a discussion of electronegativity and its role in bond formation. When hydrogen chloride is bubbled through water, the nucleus of the hydrogen atom leaves and takes up residence at one of the unshared pairs of electrons in the water molecule. However, its electron remains behind still attached to the chlorine atom. This ionization produces: a chloride ion (Cl a hydronium ion (H O The resulting mixture is called hydrochloric acid Now let us bubble ammonia gas (NH ) through the hydrochloric acid. Ammonia molecules have one pair of unshared electrons and these have a greater affinity for a proton than do the unshared electrons in the water molecule. Consequently, the proton shifts again ( ) to form a new ion, the

24. Acids & Bases AcidBase Chemistry UNC-Chapel Hill Chemistry Fundamentals Program. acids, bases,and Salts-Ionic Equilibria RH Logan. acids bases and Salts Bob Jacobs. http://biobenchelper.hypermart.net/small_m/acids_&_bases.htm

Refinance now homeowner even if you have bad credit. 185 loc home small molecule Add URL ... Acid and Base pH Tutorial This site contains notes and self directed exercises designed to help students with the fundamental concepts of acid-base chemistry. Acid-Base Chemistry UNC-Chapel Hill Chemistry Fundamentals Program Acids, Bases, and Salts-Ionic Equilibria R.H. Logan Acid-Base Equilibria Gary L. Long Acids Bases and Salts Bob Jacobs pH Calculator Chemware Acids and Bases Problem set In this problem set, you will learn about the solvent properties of water, pH, pKa and buffering capacity. The Biology Project The University of Arizona Acid / Base pKa Values pKa table ordered by the pK value. PETRIK library Acids, Bases, pH, and Buffers Jimmy Pribble Solving an acid base problem This problem set was developed by S.E. Van Bramer for Chemistry 145 at Widener University This site has been visited times since Dec.1, 2000

25. Index Of /chemistry/acidsbases More Resources for acids and bases Study Guides Chemistry Study Guides. MoreResources for acids and bases Study Guides Chemistry Study Guides. http://www.sparknotes.com/chemistry/acidsbases/

Index of /chemistry/acidsbases Name Last modified Size Description ... Parent Directory 02-Apr-2003 13:18 - buffers/ 01-Apr-2003 12:07 - fundamentals/ 01-Apr-2003 12:07 - intro/ 01-Apr-2003 12:07 - phcalc/ 01-Apr-2003 12:07 - review/ 01-Apr-2003 12:07 - titrations/ 01-Apr-2003 12:07 - Apache/1.3.26 Server at www.sparknotes.com Port 80

26. Acids And Bases: Buffers Buy. Guides. Books. Boards. Events. Search. More Resources for acids and basesBuffers more Study Guides. Chemistry. acids and bases. Buffers. Guide Preferences. http://www.sparknotes.com/chemistry/acidsbases/buffers/

Advanced Search FAQ document.write("My Settings"); My Settings We want your feedback! Please let us know if you have any document.write("comments, "); document.write("requests, "); document.write("or if you think you've found an "); document.write("error."); comments requests , or if you think you've found an error Watch us work! Home Free Study Aids ... Acids and Bases: Buffers Table of Contents - Navigate Here - Summary Terms Buffered Solutions >Problems Summary Terms Buffered Solutions >Problems ... Inorganic Chemistry SparkNote by Alan Northrup How do I cite this study guide? - Navigate Here - Summary Terms Buffered Solutions >Problems Terms and Conditions Contact Information

27. Index Of Help Files For Acids And Bases Help files for acids and bases. Salts; Strong acids; Strong bases; Titrationstrong acidstrong base; Titration weak acid-strong base; http://learn.chem.vt.edu/tutorials/acidbase/

Help files for acids and bases Bronsted-Lowery model Lewis model Buffers Buffer pH ... Water ionization Back to the main index page

28. Lewis Acids And Bases acids and bases. Lewis Model for acids/bases. There are numerous possibleways to define and acid and a base. One common way is the http://learn.chem.vt.edu/tutorials/acidbase/lewis.html

Acids and Bases Lewis Model for Acids/Bases There are numerous possible ways to define and acid and a base. One common way is the Lewis acid base model: An acid is a electron pair acceptor. A base is a electron pair donor. This definition is more broad than the Bronsted-Lowery definition. Obviously, H is an acid and OH is a base under either definition, since for an proton to bind to a base, it must accept a pair of electrons H (aq) + :OH O(l) However, the Lewis definition extends beyond just the proton. For example, many metal ions can act as Lewis acids when they form complex ions Fe (aq) + 6CN (aq) Here, the electrons which form the bond between the iron and the cyanide ion start as lone pairs on the cyanide. The iron accepts the electrons and is thus an electron pair acceptor and a Lewis acid, the cyanide ions donate a pair of electrons are are thus Lewis bases. Note that there are no protons in this reaction, but it is still an acid/base reaction. Example: For the reaction below, identify the acid and the base Cu (aq) + 4NH (aq) Solution : Cu accepts four pairs of electrons from the ammonia molecules, so it is an acid. The ammonia molecules are donating their lone pairs, so the ammonia molecules are the bases.

29. Acids And Bases acids, bases, and salts are key chemicals in chemistry. Physical science studentsuse this page to learn about these chemicals. acids, bases, and Salts. http://www.howe.k12.ok.us/~jimaskew/pacid.htm

Physical Science Week 17 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Lab ... 9 weeks test review This Week's Process Standards: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.3, 6.4 Content Standards: 1.1, 1.3 Instructional Technology Standards: 2.1, 4.2 Acid Hydronium ion Binary acid Ternary acid Base Hydroxide ion pH scale Neutral Indicator Litmus Phenolphthalein Neutralization Titration Salt Solubility Rules Acids, Bases, and Salts What element is written first in the formula of all acids? Acid properties: Acids produce the hydronium ion, H O in solution. Acids donate protons in chemical reaction. Remember that chemical reactions do not involve the atomic nucleus. When the electron is removed from hydrogen, making a hydrogen ion, the particle that remains is a proton. Acids taste sour. The sour taste of citrus fruits is caused by citric acid. Never taste acids in the science lab! Common acids contain hydrogen that is ionized in aqueous (water) solution. Whether an acid is strong or weak depends on the amount of hydrogen ionized. Naming acids: Binary acids - Composed of two elements, hydrogen and a nonmetal.

30. Acids And Bases acids and bases. Read this standardized test practice passage and answer the questions. (28 min). There are three theories used to define acids and bases. http://www.howe.k12.ok.us/~jimaskew/cacid.htm

Chemistry Week 24 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 - 4 Lab 1 ... Reading Assignment This Week's Process Standards: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 6.3, 6.4 Content Standards: 1.4, 2.1, 2.4 Instructional Technology Standards: 4.2, 5.2 Use the three acid-base theories to identify acids and bases under different conditions. Write the names of binary acids. Write the names of ternary acids. Write the anhydrous form of ternary acids. Predict whether an oxide is an acid anhydride or a basic anhydride. Use the formula of an acid to determine if it is strong or weak. Use factor-label for titration calculations. Acids and Bases Read this standardized test practice passage and answer the questions. You have seven minutes to complete the assignment. (28 min) There are three "theories" used to define acids and bases. Each of these theories focuses on a slightly different property. As you go down the list, the definition broadens to include a wider range of substances. 1. Arrhenius Theory: Acid - produces hydrogen ions, H

31. Chem - Topic 9 - Acids And Bases Topic 9 acids and bases. 9.1 Properties of acids and bases. Examples ofbases NaOH, NH 3 , CH 3 COO - . 9.2 Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases. http://homepage.mac.com/stray/ib/chem/SSC/topic9.html

Topic 9 - Acids and Bases 9.1 Properties of acids and bases 9.1.1 : Properties of acids and bases in aqueous solutions on stuff...nb...the term alkali refers to a base dissolved in water. Indicators...they change color depending on whether they're in acidic or basic conditions...each one's different, so I suppose I'd better list some common ones... Methyl orange Bromophenol blue Methyl red Bromothymol blue Phenolphtalein Acid red yellow red yellow colorless Base yellow blue yellow blue red Each one change color as a different pH, and so there will be cases where one is useful and others are not. (not really necessary is SL?) O + NaCl. + H Acids with carbonates...will produce water and CO ie 2HCl + CaCO + H O + CaCl 9.1.2 : Experimental properties of acids and bases...when acids and bases neutralize, the reaction is noticeably exothermic (ie heat can be felt coming from the reaction). Obviously, they will have an effect on the color of indicators as described above. The hydrogen produced in the reaction of acids with metal will produce a 'pop' sound if a match is held to it, and the CO from the carbonate reaction will turn limewater a milky white when bubbled trough it.

32. Household Acids And Bases Household acids and bases Veasley, Joyce Nansen Elementary 38 Pheasant Road 8212785Matteson, Illinois 60443 720-2150 Objectives 1. The learners will be able http://www.iit.edu/~smile/ch8812.html

Household Acids and Bases Veasley, Joyce Nansen Elementary 38 Pheasant Road 821-2785 Matteson, Illinois 60443 720-2150 Objectives: 1. The learners will be able to determine whether a substance dissolved in water will form an acid, a base or a neutral solution. 2. The learners will be able to infer the presence of acids or bases from evidence in the demonstration of interactions of common household products and an indicator. Apparatus Needed: 1. Egg Cartons (one for every two students) 2. Litmus Paper (red and blue) 3. 10 Household solutions: a. lemon juice b. bleach-water c. water d. aspirin-water e. milk f. ammonia-water g. tea (concentrated) h. vinegar-water i. soap-water j. your saliva 4. 10 Eye Droppers 5. 10 Small Containers, or Clear Cups 6. Red Cabbage 7. 100 mL Water 8. 8 Test Tubes 9. Tube 1. 10 mL of Lemon Juice 10. Tube 2. 10 mL of White Vinegar 11. Tube 3. 10 mL of Boric Acid Solution 12. Tube 4. 10 mL of Water 13. Tube 5. 10 mL of Sodium Bicarbonate Solution 14. Tube 6. 10 mL of Borax Solution 15. Tube 7. 10 mL of Washing Soda Solution 16. Tube 8. 10 mL of Drain Cleaner 17. Test Tube Holder 18. Beakers, 100 and 250 mL 19. Burner Recommended Strategy: Return to Chemistry Index

33. Indicators For Acids And Bases Indicators For acids And bases Marian Johnson Morton Career Academy 11436 South Lowe431 North Troy Chicago IL 60628 Chicago IL 60612 (312) 5346791 Objectives http://www.iit.edu/~smile/ch9310.html

Indicators For Acids And Bases Marian Johnson Morton Career Academy 11436 South Lowe 431 North Troy Chicago IL 60628 Chicago IL 60612 (312) 534-6791 Objectives Fourth grade students will be able to complete the following: 1. Make cabbage water as an indicator and see the color it turns when acids and bases are mixed in it. 2. Observe the colors of the pH scale that range from to 14. 3. Associate certain colored litmus paper with acids or bases. 4. Use phenolphthalein or thymolphthalein indicators and observe how they react with acids or bases. Materials needed Activity 1 Activity 2 Teacher preparation: 1. Make phenolphthalein indicator solution by dissolving 0.1 g phenolphthalein in 50 mL of ethyl alcohol. Add 50 mL water. 2. Make thymolphthalein indicator solution by dissolving 0.1 g thymolphthalein in 50 mL of ethyl alcohol. Add 50 mL water. 3. Make baking soda solution by mixing 1 g of baking soda per 100 mL of water. 4. Make washing soda solution by mixing 1 g of washing soda per 100 mL of water. Alsored litmus paper eye droppers plastic cups blue litmus paper white vinegar plastic cup with rinsing water Strategies Activity 1 Safety tip: Students sometimes want to stick their noses near the substances to smell them. When they try this with ammonia they receive a rude awakening. To demonstrate

34. CHEMystery: Acids And Bases acids and bases. acids and bases were first identified as specific typesof compounds because of their behavior in aqueous solutions. http://hyperion.advanced.org/3659/acidbase/

Acids and Bases Return to the Main CHEMystery Page Acids and bases were first identified as specific types of compounds because of their behavior in aqueous solutions. Acids and Bases Protonic Acids and Hydroxide Bases Lewis Acids and Lewis Bases Electrolytes ... pH Scale

35. CHEMystery: Acids And Bases acids and bases. Return to the acids and bases Page. = Back Next = acids and basesrelate to each other in Conjugate Pairs, somewhat like husbands and wives. http://hyperion.advanced.org/3659/acidbase/acidsandbases.html

Acids and Bases Return to the Acids and Bases Page. An Acid is a substance that produces H O (H ) when it is dissolved in water. It is a proton donor and an electron pair acceptor or a species that donates protons. For example: HCl, NH , AlCl A Base is a substance that produces an OH NH Acids and bases were first identified as specific types of compounds because of their behavior in aqueous solutions. Acids and bases relate to each other in Conjugate Pairs , somewhat like husbands and wives. For every acid there is a conjugate base; and for every base there is a conjugate acid. Just like every husband has a wife and vice versa. The two members of the conjugate pair are related by the donating and accepting of a single proton. The equation below, Equation (1) , demonstrates a power struggle going on between the two couples and within them. There is a competition for which base, H O, (keep in mind that H O can act as an acid or a base because it auto-ionizes itself, meaning it gives protons back and forth within itself, thus acting as both an acid and a base;) See Equation (2) . Then A will get the proton. The winner is the stronger base which has a greater affinity for H+ and everything will go its way. This base will determine whether the equation goes to the right or the left at equilibrium.

36. Acids, Bases, And Salts acids, bases, and SaltsIonic Equilibria. This page begins the attempt WidenerUniversity.). acids and bases by ChemTeam. RH Logan, Instructor http://members.aol.com/logan20/ionic_eq.html

Acids, Bases, and Salts-Ionic Equilibria This page begins the attempt of this author to offer some notes that have previously been found either on a chalkboard or an overhead projector. If you find that the notes offer a clear understanding of the underlying concepts, then this Web complex will have been worth it. Please send me e-mail if you have any suggestions or comments. If you click on an option and it doesn't connect, it is probably because that page is under heavy construction and is unavailable at the time. Try again later!! Click one of the following: Concepts To Check Acid/Base Definitions Acid Strength And Molecular Structure pH, pOH, And pK w ... , and Hydrolysis Of Salts Not available yet Acid/Base Titration Slightly Soluble Salts and K sp Determination ... Acid-Base Tutorial courtesy of UBC in Canada. An excellent Tutorial Tips on how to handle acid/base problems (problem sets developed by S.E. Van Bramer for chemistry and environmental science courses at Widener University.) Acids and Bases by ChemTeam R. H. Logan, Instructor of Chemistry, Dallas County Community College District, North Lake College. Acknowledgements Send Comments to R.H. Logan:

37. Acidbas What are acids and bases? There are several definitions for each of theseterms depending upon how exclusive you make your definition. http://members.aol.com/profchm/acidbas.html

What are Acids and Bases? There are several definitions for each of these terms depending upon how exclusive you make your definition. Traditionally Professor Arrhenius defined these terms as follows: Acid- a substance that produced Hydrogen ion in water solution. The hydrogen ions were hydrated as Hydronium ions. Base- a substance that produced Hydroxide ion in water solution. These definitions were very restrictive. The limitations on these definitions were: 1. The need for water so only aqueous solutions were covered (non-aqueous solutions were excluded) 2. The need for a protic acid since hydrogen ions had to be produced 3. The need for Hydroxide bases You can receive a short biography of Professor Arrenhius Professors Bronsted and Lowry defined these two terms the following: Acid- Proton donor Base- Proton acceptor These definitions are not as restrictive as the first set of definitions. 1. First, there is no need for water although it can be present, it need not be. Therefore non-aqueous systems are included. 2. Secondly, bases do not have to be Hydroxide compounds.

38. Acids And Bases Help Site Map Visit related sites from Family Education Network.encyclopediaEncyclopedia acids and bases. acids and bases, two http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0802335.html

Reduce your family medical costs by up to 60% now! Oral health..Save up to 60% on dental care. Easy Medical Diagnosis..stop smoking! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia acids and bases acids and bases, two related classes of chemicals; the members of each class have a number of common properties when dissolved in a solvent, usually water. Sections in this article: Introduction Properties Classification Acid-Base Theories acid rain Acireale Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips About Us Contact Us Link to Infoplease ... Privacy

39. Acids And Bases. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. acids and bases. 2. Classification.acids and bases can be classified as organic or inorganic. http://www.bartleby.com/65/ac/acidsNba.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. acids and bases two related classes of chemicals; the members of each class have a number of common properties when dissolved in a solvent, usually water.

40. Polyprotic, Arrhenius - Acids And Bases Quiz 4 - polyprotic, Arrhenius Grade 6 quiz - Covers polyprotic, Arrhenius, litmus colorchanges for acids and bases, etc acids and bases Quiz 4. acids bases. http://www.1001-periodic-table-quiz-questions.com/quiz/k-12/acids_and_bases_4.ht

Acids and Bases Quiz 4 Home Grade 6 Quizzes 1) ...... acids only partially dissociates in water. strong weak 2) A conjugate base is formed when a/n ...... ...... a hydrogen ion. acid, donates acid, gains base, gains 3) ...... corrode metal. acids bases 4) ...... means having two ionizable hydrogens available. polyprotic monoprotic diprotic 5) According to Arrhenius: An acid is any substance that, when dissolved in water: increases the concentration of hydronium ion decreases the concentration of hydronium ion 6) What is a negatively charged ion called? Cation Anion 7) Pick the correct ways of writing the Hydronium ion: H H H 8) Pick the true statement about the nature of acids and bases: acids mixed with bases makes stronger acids bases mixed with acids makes stronger bases acids and bases neutralize each other 9) True or false - Acids taste sour, bases taste bitter. True False 10) Polyprotic means having ...... ionizable hydrogen ions available. three or more one or more two or more http://www.1001-periodic-table-quiz-questions.com

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