1. Albanian Culture albanian culture, http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Louvre/6820/culture.html

ALBANIAN      CULTURE Folk Culture Albania has a very rich folk culture.It was first studied in the 19century,initially mostly by foreign scholars who were interested in linguistics.The ballad of Doruntina was the object of a pionieering study by the German poet Burger .In general,there is a marked difference between the northern and the sourthern traditions.In the north songs are usually sung by a single individual,and the dominant pattern is of heroic narrative,on historical themes,usually the struggle against the Turks. In the south music and song are more communal,with songs and poems for several performers,often with a choral element.There are also many different folk dances for each region.In the south dances are often accompanied by polyphonic songs,of great antiquity.In the commoner dances the performers move in a rectilinear pattern,and with pirouettes.Albanian music uses a variety of traditional instruments,some of which are unique to the country.The flute is the most common instrument,along with the bagpipes,the drum and the lahuta . The lahuta is a stringed instrument resembling the medieval and Renaissance lutes of northern Europe and is one of the most ancient instruments still in use in Europe.It was used by the ancient oral poets to call the attention of the audience to their recitations.in the north the

2. Travel: Albania Travel Notes -- Albanian Culture Albanian language and culture were suppressed for almost 400 years during Ottoman rule, although the Turks were never able to totally control the people. Find out more about Albania @ Travel Notes. http://www.travelnotes.org/Europe/Albania/albanian_culture.htm

Charter The Plane To Fly Your Targeted Banner Advertising Travel Notes Europe Albania @ Travel Notes Albanian Culture Add URL Europe @ Travel Notes Albania Andorra Armenia Austria ... Vatican City Albanian Culture Albanian language and culture were suppressed for almost 400 years during Ottoman rule, although the Turks were never able to totally control the Albanian people. Albania underwent a cultural revolution in the mid-1960s, when Western influences were scorned, Soviet and Chinese systems were followed, and hardly anyone could enter the country. Albanian Daily News The latest news from Albania, in English. Archaeology in Albania Research in Durres and Apolonia, Butrint and Ardenitza verify the Illyrian existence in Albanian territories. Learn more about Albania's ancient culture at this Geocities homepage. Butrint Foundation The Butrint Foundation aims to rediscover the history of ancient Buthrotum; once an important Mediterranean port. Land of Eagles Comprehensive information relating to Albania.

3. Albanian Culture New Page 1 the Latin and the Greek, which testifies that albanian culture was under the influence of both Latin and Greek culture. http://www.albanian.com/main/culture/language

4. Dr. Robert Elsie - Studies In Modern Albanian Literature And Culture last ten years, has been to create an awareness for Albanian literature and albanian culture at the international level. http://www.elsie.de/en/pub/b13.html

Home Books 1 Books 2 Books 3 ... Reviews Robert Elsie Studies in modern Albanian literature and culture ISBN 0-88033-252-9 East European Monographs, Boulder Distributed by Columbia University Press, New York 1996 188 pp. Download full text PREFACE This volume comprises a selection of critical writings and reviews devoted to contemporary Albanian literature and culture as seen from a distant, but hopefully not blurred perspective. The primary aim of this work, originally published over the last ten years, has been to create an awareness for Albanian literature and Albanian culture at the international level. Although many of these publications circulated among writers and intellectuals in Albania at the time of their issue, very few were ever republished there under the dictatorship, and those which were translated and printed in the Tirana literary newspaper Drita,were abridged for obvious political reasons. While perusing the present collection of literary reviews, the reader may wonder why certain works were chosen for review and others were not. I can offer no satisfactory reply. In general, it has always been my endeavour to present to the Western reading public, works of Albanian literature which may be seen to be of major cultural significance. The books reviewed here are, however, obviously only a selection of many which could have been chosen.

5. Albania Web > Know The Albanians And Albanian Culture Albania) that is, territories where the population was almost exclusively Albanianspeakingand Albanian in terms of history, laws, tradition, and culture. http://www.geocities.com/murati_kled/albanians.htm

Albania and the Albanians Van Christo 1. Introduction The Albanians are the direct descendents of the ancient Illyrians whose territories in 1225 BC included all of former Yugoslavia, that is, Dalmatia, Croatia, Bosnia, Herzogovina, Serbia, Montenegro, and portions of Macedonia and northern Greece. It was from one of the Illyrian tribes called the "Albanoi" located in central Albania, that the country derives its name. However, the Albanians call themselves " Shqipëtarë " and their country " Shqipëria" generally accepted to mean "landd of the eagles" because two of the Albanian words for eagle are "Shqipë" and "Shqiponjë." Shkodra, now one of the largest cities in Albania and located in the northern part of the country, was also the capital of Illyria so it has deep historic roots. The Romans conquered Illyria in 227 BC for which they had to pay dearly by making frequent expeditions across the Adriatic Sea to quell the insurrections that had become chronic. During the civil war between Caesar and Pompeii, Albania served as the battlegound for the contest of the supremacy of Rome. The decisive battle between Octavius and Antony for the imperial throne of Rome was also fought on the Albanian seacoast, and in commemoration of his naval victory at Actium, the future Emperor Augustus built the new city of Nicopolos on the southernmost part of the Albanian seaboard whose ruins may be seen in the modern-day city of Preveza which was taken away from Albania and assigned to Greece by the Ambassadors Conference of London in 1913.

6. Albanian Culture The Food and Entertainment of Albania. http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/students/Maguire/cult.html

The Food and Entertainment of Albania Day in the Life Evacuation Albanian Viewpoint History ... Home Page It's not western Europe and it's definitely not the United States. It's Albania, a land all to itself. Click on one of these spots to see what to eat or what to do in Albania. Food Entertainment Signature

7. Home Page Albanian History A brief history of Albania The albanian culture Food and Entertainmentof Albania A Day in the Life Just like it sounds, a day in the http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/students/Maguire/alb1.html

Albania:The Little Country that Couldn't? Albanian Culture Day in the Life Evacuation Albanian Viewpoint ... History Up until a year ago, it was a country with promise. Recently released from the constraints of communism and years of oppression, Albania looked toward a growing future with capitalism. Teenagers embraced the music of Michael Jackson and Madonna, while the leaders welcomed the teaching of English, western business and agriculture. For a country that boasted an average income of $120 a year, hard work and the acceptance of the influences of their wealthier neighboring nations obviously looked to be able to open doors to more comfortable living. But so did the prospect of a high-risk pyramid scheme that many Albanians put all of their savings into. With the failure of the investments, some of which Albanians had bet on with their houses, Albania is now in decay. Civil war has broken out while citizens blame the government for encouraging the investments, and then not being able to pay what is deserved. Many have responded with a violent rebellion. Relatively unknown to Americans before, reports of violence fill the media almost everyday now in mediums ranging from CNN to local newspapers. Although most Americans view the news as remote, some see it as the destruction of what was once a home.

8. Netster To show English speaking patrons information resources concerning Albanian history and culture. http://www.albculture.com/

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9. Travel: Albania Travel Notes -- The Country And Links Multimedia guide with information about the country and links to related resources.Category Regional Europe Albania Travel and Tourism...... albanian culture Albanian language and culture were suppressed for almost 400 yearsduring Ottoman rule, although the Turks were never able to totally control http://www.travelnotes.org/Europe/Albania/

Charter The Plane To Fly Your Targeted Banner Advertising Travel Notes Europe Albania @ Travel Notes Add URL Europe @ Travel Notes Albania Andorra Armenia Austria ... Vatican City Albania Information One of the smallest countries in Europe, Albania is also very mountainous and little known to outsiders. Predominately an Indo- European people, descendents of the ancient Illyrians, the Albanians are divided into two main groups: the Ghegs to the north of the Shkumbi River, and the Tosks to the south. Rome conquered the Illyrian Kingdom in 168 BC, and went on to rule for more than five centuries. Some of the emperors were even of Illyrian descent, as the region became a major transit route through Byzantium. As the Roman Empire declined, Goths, Huns, Bulgars, and Slavs all tried to fill the vacuum. Then came the Normans and the Serbs. After the collapse of Stephan Dushan's Serbian Empire, and the death of Scanderbeg, the feudal lords were soon overrun by the Turks. Albanian language and culture were suppressed for almost 400 years during Ottoman rule, although the Turks were never able to totally control the people.

10. "The Assault On Albanian Culture In Kosovo" The Assault on albanian culture in Kosovo. This Serbian assault on Albanianculture in Kosovo has now been in full force since 1989. http://www.innerlightproductions.com/culture.htm

The Assault on Albanian Culture in Kosovo (published in German in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, May 5, 1999, p. 9) By Michael McClellan, Consul for Public Affairs U.S. Consulate General, Hamburg The ethnic cleansing now in progress in Kosovo by the Serbian regime is the latest phase of an on-going war that the Milosevic regime has been waging against Albanians in Kosovo since the revocation of Kosovo’s autonomy in 1989. This war is not over demographics or even religion, nor is it just about politics. Instead, it is a war of "cultural cleansing" that seeks to rid Kosovo of a people and a culture that have been there for many centuries. I witnessed this cultural war firsthand during the fifteen months that I lived and worked in Kosovo as the only diplomat from any country assigned directly to that troubled region. I had the occasion to meet many Albanian and Serbian intellectuals, politicians, journalists, officials, religious leaders, and everyday people during that time, and I saw for myself how the regime of Slobodan Milosevic oppressed the Albanian people in ways that were both overt and subtle. Serbs, too, were and still are oppressed by the Milosevic regime, but not nearly to the degree that non-Serbs have been. This new curriculum even went so far as to force children to learn Serbian nationalist songs, while banning Albanian songs. Naturally, the Albanians refused to attend school under such circumstances and set up a parallel school system that they funded from their own pockets while continuing to pay taxes to Serbia. At the University of Pristina, a huge Serbian church was then constructed in the middle of the campus, next to the university library, which the Albanians considered a "national treasure." Although Serbs comprise less than ten percent of the population of Kosovo, they have one of the biggest churches in Yugoslavia.

11. Albanian Culture albanian culture These pages under construction I'll continue to put in variousarticles on Albanian history, culture and literature as time permits. http://members.aol.com/dxhezo/culture.htm

ALBANIAN CULTURE These pages under construction These pages are under construction and continuous changes. I'll continue to put in various articles on Albanian history, culture and literature as time permits. Please pardon our appearance until these pages are completed. Corrot, The Albanian Woman, 1872 Onufri, The Birth of Jesus Christ (fragment) Mosaic at the basilica of Durres Kol Idromeno, The sister Tone Lord Bayron in Albanian dress These pages under construction These pages are under construction and continuous changes. I'll continue to put in various articles on Albanian history, culture and literature as time permits. Please pardon our appearance until these pages are completed.

12. New Page 1 North dialect (gegërisht) and in the South one (toskërisht), and in two alphabets,the Latin and the Greek, which testifies that albanian culture was under http://www.albanianculturalheritage.com/Culturalheritagealbanianlanguage.htm

Archeology Religion Creeds Albanian Language Fine arts ... Balkan Fine Art Recent Publications Albanian language “The Albanian language is the oldest Indo-European idiom” according to WEBSTERS NEW TWENTIETH CENTURY DICTIONARY , Unabridged Second Edition, De Luxe Color, William Collins and World Publishing Co., Inc., 1975, ISBN: 0-539-048523-3 Albanian Language belongs to the family of Indo-European Languages, along with Indo-Iranian languages, Greek language, Romance languages, Slavonic languages, Germanic languages, etc. It constitutes a separate branch in this family of languages and is not originally associated to any of the modern Indo-European languages. The Indo-European origin of the Albanian language and the place it occupies in the family of Indo-European languages was determined and proved in the middle of the 19th century, following studies in the comparative historical linguistics. It was primarily the merit of one of the leading founders of this linguistic direction, the eminent German scholar Franz Bopp, who proved scientifically that the Albanian language belonged to the family of the Indo-European languages. Franz Bopp dedicated to this issue a special work entitled “Ueber das Albanesische in sinen verwandtschaft lichen Bezichungen”, published in 1854. The Indo-European languages are divided into two groups: Eastern languages, or satem and Western languages, or centum. The Albanian language belongs to the eastern group (satem), along with the Indo-Iranian languages, Balto-Slavonic languages and the Armenian language.

13. MyTravelGuide - Albanian Culture Home Photos Europe Albania albanian culture. Previous Photo Next Photo.Author, View My Profile, Find more posts by Glaucus. albanian culture. http://www.mytravelguide.com/showthread.php?threadid=4597

14. MyTravelGuide - Albanian Culture MyTravelGuide (http//www.mytravelguide.com/index.php) Albania (http//www.mytravelguide.com/forumdisplay.php?forumid=422) albanian culture (http//www http://www.mytravelguide.com/printthread.php?threadid=4597

15. Art Culture For Albania Albania Art Prints Albania Art Prints - albanian culture - albanian culture -Albanian Folk Culture - Albanian Folk Culture - Albmuzika - Albanian Music http://www.escapeartist.com/albania/art.html

Balkans Index Index for Albania Living in Albania Albania Art Prints - Albania Art Prints Albanian Culture - Albanian Culture Albanian Folk Culture - Albanian Folk Culture Antic city of Apollonia - Antic city of Apollonia Archaeology in Albania- Archaeology in Albania Archaeology of Albania- Archaeology of Albania -Art and archaeology of ancient Albania (Illyria). Art, culture, literature - Art, culture, literature Cultural page about Albania and Kosovo - Cultural page about Albania and Kosovo Drita Albanian Folk Orchestra - Drita Albanian Folk Orchestra - Drita announces new CD release. This folk orchestra presents traditional and popular music of Albania and Kosova performed on authentic Albanian instruments. Elvira Dones Homepage - Elvira Dones Homepage - Her website contains her books, short stories, and work in progress in Albanian, Italian, French and German. Enver Hoxha Reference Archive - Enver Hoxha Reference Archive - Documents and speeches by Enver Hoxha on Albania, economics, politics, Marxism, Stalin, China, Maoism, imperialism and revolution. ~ Maps Of Albania - Including City Maps ~ Maps of Albania ~ A large number of differing Albania maps, including city maps

16. MetaCrawler Results | Search Query = Albanian.culture MetaCrawler Results About Results albanian culture The Food and Entertainmentof Albania. albanian culture - albanian culture, http://search.metacrawler.com/texis/search?q=Albanian.culture

17. Millsaps College - News & Events Millsaps prof searches for threatened albanian culture. (September20, 2002). Dr. Michael Galaty, Assistant Professor of Anthropology http://www.millsaps.edu/news_events/releases/september/galaty.shtml

Quick Links Millsaps Home Directory Search Visitors Events College Catalog Library Millsaps prof searches for threatened Albanian culture (September 20, 2002) Dr. Michael Galaty, Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Millsaps, spent his summer exploring the northern highlands of Albania, searching for stories about a lost way of life. In this remote corner of the world, blood feuds sometimes still rage between embittered families and soaring mountains keep watch over stone houses dotting the valleys. In 1921, a young writer named Rose Wilder Lane, the daughter of author Laura Ingalls Wilder, also heard the beckoning call of the newly independent nation of Albania. She chronicled her travels in a book called Peaks of Shala (1923). As part of a documentary project sponsored by the Associated Colleges of the South, Galaty retraced Lane's journeys to learn more about her intense self-examination and to determine how much of the tribal system she described still exists. "When Lane was living and working in Albania, a northern Albanian tribal system with ancient roots still functioned," said Galaty. "Oral law governed the social, economic and political relationships that bound rival clans. Justice was swift and brutal. Lane, and the other female travelers to Albania, were fascinated by the tribal system and produced complex and detailed descriptions. Eventually, the tribal system was destroyed by Communism, though echoes of it still persist in remote regions, such as Shala."

18. ATLANTIS Reference Reviews - October 2002 He endeavors to fill a gap in the body of ethnographic literature, as many aspectsof the albanian culture remain relatively undiscovered by western scholars. http://www.atla.com/member/librarians_tools/reference_reviews/review1002.html

Home Member Page Librarians' Tools Reviews by Date ... Reviews by Subject ATLANTIS Reference Reviews - October 2002 Submitted by Jonathan H. Harwell A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology, and Folk Culture Elsie, Robert. Washington Square, NY: New York University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8147-2214-8. Dr. Robert Elsie, a linguist who has been making journeys to Albania since 1978, has compiled the first comprehensive study in English of Albanian folk culture. He previously authored the similar Albanian Folktales and Legends , as well as Dictionary of Albanian Literature and History of Albanian Literature. He endeavors to fill a gap in the body of ethnographic literature, as many aspects of the Albanian culture remain relatively undiscovered by western scholars. The alphabetical entries fill 270 pages, followed by an eighty-seven-page bibliography. Cross-references are found for broad topics but are inconsistent, and are particularly helpful since the Albanian language (Shqip) contains wide variations within a small yet rugged geographic region. For example, one's hometown can be identified by the pronunciation of words such as "cold" ( ftofte or ftohte ), or even "Good morning" (

19. Kulla Shqiptare 1979-1999, Albanian Kulla The spirit of craftsmen and craftsmanship of YllirianAlbanian artists have shapedfor many centuries material and spiritual values of the albanian culture. http://www.kosovaheritage.org/kullas.htm

20. DoC Project: Re-establishment Of The Shota National Ensemble Of Songs And Dances A secondary aim is to educate young people about albanian culture, folkloreand tradition. Target group Performances will be for the general public. http://www.kosovaheritage.org/PROJshota.htm

Department of Culture Project: Re-establishment of the Shota National Ensemble of Songs and Dances Address: Pr Hekurudha (no number) Tel: 24771 Director: 044-118893 Manager: 044-118896 Location: Various shows and presentations inside and outside Kosovo. Main aim: The main aim of the project is to present aspects of Albanian national folklore and culture to the general public through a variety of traditional dances. A secondary aim is to educate young people about Albanian culture, folklore and tradition. Target group: Performances will be for the general public. Classes will be for primary and secondary aged children (as described below). Project summary: The Shota group plans to perform their own shows and take part in cultural presentations both inside and outside Kosovo. They will also provide classes led by the Shota trainer to primary (7-13 years) and secondary (14-18 years) aged children. Background: In the past the Shota dancers have presented their performances in more than 50 countries around the world. Over the 30 year period since they became a professional company more than 4000 performances have been presented. The group have won prizes at international festivals and have received critical acclaim in the international press. Significance: With the necessary funds, the Shota group will be able to continue with both performances and classes. The group also hope to contribute to the preservation of Albanian culture through training the new dancers who will join the group over the next few years.

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