61. Spring 2001 biogeography. Stable for most ecosystems. Primary Productivity Global ApproximateNet Primary Productivity (grams of carbon per m 2 per year). THE biomes. http://piru.alexandria.ucsb.edu/collections/geography3b/dar/WEEK9/week9_27mar200

The creation of this resource was funded in part by Museums Teaching Planet Earth and NASA GEOGRAPHY 3b Land Surface Processes Spring 2001 Instructor: Dar Roberts Department of Geography Week 9 - Biogeography Week 9 Ecosystems and Biomes Biogeography: Definition Ecosystem Essentials Principles of Biotic Organization Primary Productivity ... Ecological Succession Final Exam! BIOGEOGRAPHY The study of plant and animal distribution patterns through space and time and the factors that control this distribution Natural Vegetation Plant cover developed with no human intervention Predictable by climate, comprised of species Human-Influenced Vegetation Agriculture Disturbed Forest and Non-forest Managed Forest and Non-forest Landscape Ecology ECOSYSTEM ESSENTIALS Species - Potentially interbreeding individuals of very similar morphology, physiology and ecology Population - A collective number of a certain living organism in a given area Community - A certain geographic area containing interacting populations Habitat - The type of physical environment in which an organism lives Niche - The function of a population in a community Ecosystem - The entity of all living organisms and non-living components that comprise a specific environment where organisms live Biome - A group of ecosystems geographically aggregated by similar climate Key Point: Biotic Components + Abiotic Components = Ecosystem Terrestrial Ecosystems (

62. Center BIOGEOGRAPHY EXAMPLE TOPICS Soils ecosystems Terrestrail and Aquatic biomes Slash and BurnCultivation Photosynthesis biogeography Biogeochemical Cycles Population http://www.ou.edu/okage/GEO5.HTML

Return to Geosciences Homepage Return to Geography Links Homepage From The National Geography Standards: "The physical environment is modified by human activities, largely as a consequence of the ways in which human societies value and use Earth's natural resources, and human activities are also influenced by Earth's physical features and processes."" Standards 14-15-16 BIOSPHERE Brazil Deforestation EXAMPLE TOPICS: Soils Ecosystems- Terrestrail and Aquatic Biomes Slash and Burn Cultivation Photosynthesis Biogeography Biogeochemical Cycles Population Pyramids Fire Ecology Desertification Urban Ecology American Museum of Natural History Biodiversity Links Mission: Biomes Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Resources for Teaching and Learning About Earth Science System The World's Biomes The Biomes of the World Major Biomes of the World Visible Earth-Biosphere ... International Delivery of Natural Resource Management Data

63. Campusweb GEOG2560 Ecology, Evolution and biogeography 10 credits. Prerequisites GEOG1110Soil, ecosystems and Atmospheric and functioning of selected biomes and more http://www.leeds.ac.uk/students/ugmodules/geog2560.htm

SEARCH Undergraduate Module Catalogue Ecology, Evolution and Biogeography 10 credits Taught Semester 2, Year running Pre-requisites GEOG1110 Soil, Ecosystems and Atmospheric Processes Co-requisites None This module is available as an elective Objectives On completion of this module, students should have: I) Acquired a theoretical understanding of the key ecological and evolutionary processes that shape life on earth; ii) A working knowledge of the structure and functioning of selected biomes and more local ecosystems; iii) An understanding of the response of terrestrial ecosystems to long-term environmental changes; iv) An ability to critically assess the ecological and evolutionary impacts of human actions; v) Enhanced IT and discussion/presentation skills; vi) Developed skills in laboratory and field techniques. Syllabus 1. Ecological Principles: ecosystem processes and biogeochemical cycles; 2. Evolutionary Principles: biodiversity processes and patterns of the world - forests (tropical, temperate, boreal); 4. Major Ecosystems of the World - grasslands and arid systems; 5. Long-term history of life on earth - life/biogeochemistry interactions; 6. Long-term history of life on earth, biogeographical patterns, phylogeny, and earth force drivers; 7. Response of terrestrial ecosystems to past environmental change; 8. Response of terrestrial ecosystems to past environmental change; 9. Workshop; 10. Human Impacts and the Ecology of Global Change, 20th Century; 11. Human Impacts and the Ecology of Global Change, Third Millennium. Ecology IT practical week 3; Palaeoecology practical weeks 5,6,7; Ecology field practical week 11.

64. Physical Features Of Ecosystems biomes We mentioned that the distribution of organisms in relation to the physicalproperties of ecosystems. In general, the subject of biogeography looks at http://scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu/rkr/Biology203/lectures/ecology/PhysicalEcology.html

Physical (Abiotic) Factors of the Ecosystem Describing the physical characteristics of our environment is one of the key elements of ecology. The overall distribution of living organisms is largely dependant on regional differences in the physical environment. Climate (temperature, water, light and wind), Atmosphere and Substrate make up the Abiotic Components of the Ecosystem The physical characteristics of ecosystems on earth are determined foremost by the sun . The sun is: The primary energy source for earth (see later with energy flow) Provides light on earth's surface Responsible for the circulation of the earth's atmosphere (the main weather part here) Heat waves from sun are important in temperature on earth Photoperiodicity and circadian rhythms depend on sun. Circulation of Air As the earth revolves around the sun, heat from solar radiation heats the earth's surface. The amount of energy that hits the surface of the earth is dependent on the angle of the sun, which varies daily seasonally and latitudinally (because of changing day length during the year).

65. Biology  456 Course Outline Introduction to the study of biogeography. Geographic variation in the physicalenvironment. World climate zones. Communities, ecosystems and biomes. http://web.mala.bc.ca/mcmillan/biology456.htm

Biology Biogeography This course is not offered every year. It will next be offered in the fall of 2003 After loading this page, press the Refresh or Reload button (or in Internet Explorer) to be sure that you have the most recent version, and not a previous version your computer has stored for you. Biology 456 Fall 2003 This tentative timetable may change before the class begins WEEK DATES Lectures Textbook chapter readings Sep 2 - 5 (Mon holiday) Introduction Solar energy and climate variation around the world Sep 8 - 12 Ocean currents and their effects on climates Soil type variation Microenvironments and plant growth Sep 15 - 19 Vegetation types of the world - their relation to climate, and their distributions Sep 22 - 26 Vegetation types of North America Sep 29 - Oct 3 Vegetation types of North America Vegetation types on other continents Oct 6 - 10 MIDTERM EXAM ON WEDNESDAY Plate tectonics and its effects on the distributions of taxa Oct 14 - 17 (Mon holiday) Plate tectonics Glaciation effects Oct 20 - 24 Oct 27 - 31 Nov 3 - 7 Nov 10 - 14 (Tues holiday) Reconstructing past events in biogeography Island biogeography Nov 17 - 21 MIDTERM EXAM ON MONDAY Species diversity in continental and marine habitats Nov 24 - 28 Biogeographic patterns on continents, and the processes influencing them

66. Biomes Savanna these living things interact to form ecosystems or biomes Savanna Scrub (Land biomes) LifeSciences (Biology) Ecology biogeography biomes Land biomes http://www.fizgigs.com/page.php?page=biomes savanna

67. INSTAAR Ecosystems Group hydrology, patterns of biotic distribution, and biogeography; and above method ofdetermining the Nstatus of ecosystems from a variety of biomes.Our results http://instaar.colorado.edu/research/ecosystems.html

Home Introduction Research Ecosystems Geophysics Past Global Change Geochron. Center MRS ... Contact Us Ecosystems Group Aim The primary aim of the Ecosystems Group is to study the ecological components of arctic and alpine systems and their interactions with climatic and biophysical variables. The Ecosystems Group has recently expanded to include study of the tropics and human dimensions. Basic research topics include: ecosystem dynamics biogeochemical processes biodiversity ecosystem disturbance and recovery modeling of biotic pattern distribution ecological assessments conservation planning We address questions of how climatic influences, biophysical factors, and biotic components interact to control the distribution and maintenance of ecosystems; how the hierarchical organization of current ecosystems was produced in response to past and present environments; how predicted climatic changes and current and future changes in land-use patterns will affect ecosystems; and how conservation planning can contribute to sustainable ecosystems at multiple geographic scales. Ongoing projects investigate the following characteristics and scales of ecological systems: populations, species, communities, landscapes, and regions; plants and animals; biogeochemistry, ecophysiology, hydrology, patterns of biotic distribution, and biogeography; and above- and below-ground systems.

68. DLESE Catalog System Review Results biogeography and contains exam questions, class notes, and links for more information.Topics covered by the notes include biodiversity, ecosystems and biomes, http://www.dlese.org/results_search_histogram.jsp?resourcetype=Syllabus

69. Geography Classroom: Physical Geography biogeography (spatial relationships of plants and animals) Click! biomes NaturalWorld on the Web (links to info about biomes and ecosystems, some terms http://home.att.net/~geographyclassroom/physicalgeography.html

Geo Teacher's Geography Classroom Physical Geography If you can't find what you want under one topic, try another. Some links are filed under more than one topic. General Physical Geography study of spatial patterns of weather and climate, soils, vegetation, animals, water, and landforms, including human and environment interaction. Astronomy study of the solar system Geology (Earth Science) studies the earth's surface and the processes that shape it Natural Hazards and Disasters earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, floods, tsunamis, droughts, etc. Biogeography spatial relationships of plants and animals study of landforms and landscapes Climatology (Climate) study of the condition of the atmosphere over a long period of time and the effect of weather on life, including climate zones Hydrology study of water in all forms, including waterbodies and the hydrological (water) cycle Oceanography study of the ocean and its phenomenon, including ocean currents, tides, coastlines, and the seafloor study of ecosystems and the interactions between plants and animals and their environment; conserving natural resources Meteorology (Weather) study of the condition of atmosphere for short time periods Pedology study of soils General Physical Geography (study of spatial patterns of weather and climate, soils, vegetation, animals, water, and landforms, including human and environment interaction)

70. Southeast Missouri State University Biology Department, BI-170 - Links Page Questions about Ecology; Habitat Ecology Home Page; IGC Econet; Landscape ecology biogeography; Marlborough's biomes Page; ecosystems and biomes; Valdez Oil http://biology.semo.edu/courses/bi170/bi170lnk.html

BI-170 Related Links Page Below is a list of links related to BI170. Most of these links have been discovered by BI170 students as part of a homework assignment. All links contain pertinent information to the material discussed in BI170. Evolution Links: Pro-Evolution/Anti-Creationism Resources Evolution vs. SciCre (Scientific Creationism) Creation vs. Evolution Discussion Group Evolution and Behavior ... Evolution of the Shark Ecology Links: Yahoo: Science: Ecology The Virtual Library of Ecology, Biodiversity, and the Environment Frequently Asked Questions about Ecology Habitat Ecology Home Page ... Environment The Atlantic Monthly 's archive Biome Exchange Student Page WWF - Tropical Forests on Fire Neighborhoods - Ecosystems, Biomes, and Habitats Fynbos Biome ... Illinois Department of Natural Resources Return/Go to BI-170 Homepage Return/Go to Biology Department Homepage Go to SEMO Homepage This is the time this page has been accessed since November 21, 1997

71. DRAFT SYLLABUS 95134. Describing Communites and ecosystems. Modern Distribution of biomes. Week11 Evolution of Diversity Island biogeography Theory Chapter 13, pp. 369-406. http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/barnosky/ib166_syllabus.htm

Last updated: 4/17/02 SYLLABUS (Subject to Modification Depending on Time and Interests) Course Website: http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/barnosky/IB166Webpage.htm IB 166. EVOLUTIONARY BIOGEOGRAPHY. Spring 2002 Instructor: Prof. A.D. Barnosky Time and Place: Lecture-WF 10-1130A, 5330 TOLMAN. Discussion Section-F 2-3P, 182 DWINELLE Prerequisites: Bio 1B, Bio 11, Geog 148, or Geol 50. Brief Description: 4 units. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion per week. Explores how biogeographic processes influence evolution of species, communities, and ecosystems. Provides background and analytical techniques for studying effects of global change on biota. More Details: Texts: Brown, J., and Lomolino, M. 1998. Biogeography, 2nd Edition. Sinaur, plus 2-3 articles per week from the current primary literature compiled into a reader. Grading: 1 midterm (20%), 1 final (30%), research paper written in a style acceptable for Journal of Biogeography (30%), participation in class and discussion section (20%). Week 1: Concept of Geographic Range Course Introduction Chapter 1, pp. 3-12

72. IVLE / Courses Online Module 4 Concepts of Formation and biomes from a Global Perspective. Unit IV– biogeography – Focus on Philippine Terrestrial ecosystems. http://ivle.upou.org/ivle/search/template.asp?courseid=ENRM_202

73. Today In ESCI-1401: 4/01/02 Largescale biogeography biomes. n Biome a kind of ecosystem, similarity of environment. Communities within ecosystems. – ecosystems within biomes. http://www.oso.tamucc.edu/~fox/Week11.html

Today in ESCI-1401: n Don’t forget: Exam 3 coming up on the 10th exam will be 70% objective, 30% critical thought two thought questions (worth more, 15% each) Wrap-up of Chapter 7 (Biological Diversity and Biogeography) n Wednesday Chapter 9 (Ecosystem Succession and Restoration) Extra Credit Videos n Here’s a list I have put in the Media Center (2 nd Floor, Library): Gattaca Rapa Nui Planet of the Apes Outbreak Man in the Wilderness Biological Diversity: three aspects (not mechanisms) Genetic Diversity -total number of genetic characteristics, 400M for humans (gene composition) Habitat Diversity -habitats within an area, conservation of leads to reproduction Species Diversity Richness : total number of species Evenness : relative abundance of species Dominance : the most abundant species n Terms: Diversity and Evolution I n Evolution of Life on Earth: Why do people have eyes that see in the visible portion of the spectrum? Why not in the UV? Why not in the thermal IR? Do all animals see in the visible spectrum? If not, why? Question for the next exam: Why is genetic diversity within a species a good survival technique?

74. Science Links biogeography.com The Internet biogeography portal biomes With Key - what arethe world's ecosystems? Monitoring Centre The World's biomes - select from http://www.wcnet.org/~tozer/sciencelinks.htm

Science Links Environment Nutrition Science Fair Information Magnetism and Electricity ... Simple Machines/ Physical Science Environment EPA's Environmental Education Center - Environmental education curriculum resources and activities. Background information on environmental issues, and links to related web sites source Ecolinks - Environmental information and activities from the Miami Museum of Science. Topics include Biosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, and Geosphere source My Health My World - A web site for children exploring the relationship between environment and health. Includes simple hands-on activity ideas source Recycling - Basic information and statistics about recycling from the EPA source Amazon Interactive - exploring the Ecuadorean Amazon The Animal Diversity Web - mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and more Arctic Wildlife - from the Smithsonian BioGeography.com - The Internet biogeography portal Biomes - marine, tundra, desert, savanna, grassland, forests Biomes of the World - includes many examples of Terrestrial and Aquatic biomes Biosphere 2 - visit the self-conatined manmade ecosystem Birding - from the experts at About.com

75. 7. Biogeography: The Geographic Study Of The Biosphere 7. biogeography The Geographic Study of the Life Species, Populations, Communities,and ecosystems 7.1 Abiotic of the Earth's Terrestrial biomes 7.1 Primary http://www.free-ed.net/fr08/lfc/course 080502_01/lesson0107.htm

Introduction to Physical Geography 7. Biogeography: The Geographic Study of the Biosphere Course Contents Physical Geography Dept Origin and Definition of Life Biological Classification of Organisms ... The Nitrogen Cycle Notes Created by Dr. Michael Pidwirny , Department of Geography, Okanagan University College

76. Nearctica - Ecology - Biogeography - Biomes, Ecoregions, And Habitats - General Ecology biogeography - General biomes. Return to biomes, Habitats, and Ecoregions Main Page http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/biomes.htm

Ecology - Biogeography - General Biomes Return to Biomes, Habitats, and Ecoregions Main Page Buy Books on Biomes Major Biomes of the World . Susan L. Woodward, Radford University. An excellent introduction to the biomes of the world, and particularly of North America. The site begins with a general introduction to the biome concept and also covers the Merriam life zones principle. Each of the major biomes in discussed in some detail and are well illustrated. Highly recommended. What's it Like Where You Live ? Evergreen Project. A great introduction to some of the more interesting biomes of the world including the rainforest, tundra, taiga, desert, grasslands, and temperatre forest. Each component of the site includes basic information on the biome as well pictures of the plants and animals that live there. Recommended. Life Zones and Altitudinal Zonation . Susan L. Woodward, Radford University. An excellent introduction to the concept of life zones. The site covers the Merriam and Holdridge classifications of life zones with examples from North America. It also has examples from Africa. Recommended. The Biomes of the World . Bishops College, Newfoundland. A very nice, basic introduction to the terrestrial and aquatic biomes and habitats of the world. Unlike most biome sites, aquatic and marine habitat types are also discussed at this site. Recommended.

77. Nearctica - Ecology - Biogeography - Biomes, Ecoregions, And Habitats Click Here. Return to Ecology Main Page, Buy Books about. Ecology. biomesA Short Introduction to biomes. General Biome Web Sites. Tundra. http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/ehabitat.htm

Return to Ecology Main Page Buy Books about Ecology BIOMES A Short Introduction to Biomes General Biome Web Sites Tundra Northern Boreal Forest (Taiga or Northern Coniferous Forest). Temperate Deciduous Forest Grasslands (Prairies and Savannahs). Deserts Mediterranean Scrub and Woodland ECOREGIONS (ECOZONES) Ecoregions SPECIFIC HABITATS Wetlands Wetlands - General Links Wetlands - Technical Information Wetlands - Education ... Intertidal Zone Caves. Ecology - Caves - General Links Ecology - Cave Life (Biospeleology) Ecology - Federal Cave Resource Protection Act of 1988 Ecology - National Cave and Karst Reserach Institute Act of 1988 ... Natural History - Bats

78. Nearctica - Ecology - Biogeography - Biomes, Ecoregions, And Habitats - Tundra http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/habitats/tundra.htm

Ecology - Biomes - Tundra Return to Biomes and Habitats Main Page Buy Books about Tundra Buy Books about Biomes In the polar regions of the Northern Hemisphere where the winters and extremely cold and long and even conifers cannot survive, the land is dominated by a mixed grassland, small shrub, and herbaceous plant ecosystem called the tundra. The most characteristic feature of the tundra is permafrost, a layer of permanently frozed subsoil. In the summer the ground thaws to a depth of a few centimeters and becomes wet and soggy. This freezing and thawing cycle crushes the roots of plants keeping them small and stunted. Alpine ecosystems are mountain top versions of the tundra. General Tundra Plants and Animals Link Collections Polar and Tundra Organizations and Societies ... Alpine Ecosystems TUNDRA The Arctic Ecosystem . Environment Canada. A wonderful web site on the arctic-tundra ecosystems of Canada. There is a map of the region divided into its various subdivisions with descriptions and maps of each smaller region. You'll also find articles on conservation and environmental protection in the Canadian Arctic, and links to other arctic resources on the web. Recommended. The Tundra Biome . Missouri Botanical Garden. An introduction to the tundra biome for kids and students. The site includes basic information on the tundra including its location and facts about the tundra. You'll also find pictures and data on a variety of tundra plants and animals as well as a gallery of tundra pictures.

79. Biogeography And Ecology 3. Views of biogeography TaxonomicEvolutionary-Historical; Ecological-ecosystems-BiomesView. B. Distribution of Organism. 1. What is the Range of an Organism. http://www.uwm.edu/Course/416-125/24/24lec99.htm

Lecture 25 and 26: Biogeography and Ecology (Ch. 19 and 20) A. Introduction 1. Ecology: Study of interrelationships among organisms and their abiotic environment 2. Biogeography: Study of the distribution or geography of organism and ecosystems. 3. Views of Biogeography Taxonomic-Evolutionary-Historical Ecological-Ecosystems-Biomes View B. Distribution of Organism 1. What is the Range of an Organism a. What is the natural RANGE of Cactus? Taxonomic-Evolutionary-Historical View What is a Cactus? Taxonomy: Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom Carl Linnaeus in 1750's and 60's Phylogeny and Evolution Charles Darwin b. What is Range of a Species of Cactus? Range of a Species: Giant Saguaro Cactus ( Carnegiea gigantea) Limiting Factors for Range Climate: Freezing Temperatures Other Examples: Coastal Redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens) Interaction with other organism: Competitive exclusion c. Range of a Genus Prickly pear and Choia Cactus ( Oputia spp. ) 75 species Mexico to Canada d. What is the natural RANGE of Cactus Family? CACTACEAE the Cactus Family Includes 50 or more genera and up to 1000 species Range: North and South America ("New World") 2. Factors Affecting the Range of a Taxon

80. Section 2 Lecture 4 A key focus for biogeography is to study vegetation succession operates in differentecosystems to produce yielding a given number of terrestrial biomes. http://www.staffs.ac.uk/schools/sciences/geography/staff/harrist/ipg files/sect2

To consider some of the ways in which ecosystems change over space, and the ways in wehich biogeographers categorise those changes. To examine the ways in which studies assist us in understanding changes in the Earths's biosphere. Models of succession A key focus for biogeography is to study spatial patterns in the biosphere, to observe, classify and map these and to analyses the processes involved in creating these patterns. Many of the temporal changes discussed in the previous lecture also operate through space at biosphere, biome and community scales. Hence, vegetation succession operates in different ecosystems to produce primary seres such as xeroseres, hydroseres, lithoseres or psammoseres. At a larger scale, Whittaker suggested the use of gradient analysis to help analyse spatial variation of natural communities along environmental gradients. A specific example of the application of a time-space continuum approach is that of island biogeograhy. In the 1960s, to show the relationship between island area, isolation and species diversity.

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