41. Coastal Environment home UNEP sites contacts in focus UNEP Governing Council Select a focus area Atmosphere Biodiversity Business Industry Chemicals Civil Society Public Energy Environmental Assesment Freshwater Governance Law Land Marine coastal http://www.crc.govt.nz/plans-reports/annplan/DRAFTap0203/coastal-environment.htm

ECan homepage Search website Draft Annual Plan 2002-2003 contents Treasury Policy ... How do I make a submission Coastal Environment Overview The Canterbury coastal environment extends nearly 800 kilometres from Kekerengu in the north, to the Waitaki River in the south, and for 12 nautical miles out to sea. The Proposed Regional Coastal Environment Plan sets out our objectives for managing the coastal environment. It provides for: preservation of the natural character of the coastal environment; water quality standards to prevent further degradation of the coastal environment and improvements to existing degraded areas; activities in the coastal marine area to occur providing there are no adverse impacts; and solutions for minimising the costs of damage due to coastal hazards. In planning for the future we have assumed that The New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement will be unchanged. The joint Ministry for the Environment and Ministry of Health Recreational Water Quality Guidelines for Marine and Fresh Water will not become water quality standards. While these remain guidelines they are discretionary; should they become a standard they will be mandatory. The Resource Management (Aquaculture Moratorium) Amendment Bill will become law by June 2002. Further aquaculture reform legislation will become law by August 2002.

42. Battelle - Environment - Coastal Resources And Ecosystems of samples collected in the urban areas proximal to petroleum on the San Jacinto Riverwere limited Use and Privacy Policy Battelle Home coastal Resources and http://www.battelle.org/environment/crem/oilgas/sanjacinto.stm

43. Battelle - Environment - Coastal Resources And Ecosystems indices in the sediments of the river system elevated levels of contaminants and fromareas not expected and Privacy Policy Battelle Home coastal Resources and http://www.battelle.org/environment/crem/oilgas/specialty.stm

44. UNEP-Caribbean Environment Programme_Coastal Zone Management coastal Zone Management. This page is one of a series the end of this highly changeable environment. The last component Reefs protect coastal areas from storms and erosion by http://www.cep.unep.org/issues/czm.html

Coastal Zone Management This page is one of a series of web pages developed by the CAR/RCU on various Environmental Issues in the Caribbean . These pages are a good starting point for research into many of the pressing concerns of the nations and territories of the Wider Caribbean Region. They contain definitions, descriptions, discussions, links to relevant on-line documents and web sites. What is the coastal zone? Definition of integrated coastal zone management Coastal and marine habitats in the Wider Caribbean Region Activities and sources of impact in the coastal zone ... References WHAT IS THE COASTAL ZONE? DEFINITION OF INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT The coastal zone is a highly sensitive area, where a number of ecosystems exist in a state of balance. The coast is affected not only by local conditions but also by events and conditions long distances away. Pressures from human habitation and economic development are common in the coastal areas of the world. The management of such an area is of necessity an integrated and multidisciplinary effort. Integrated coastal zone management was defined at an International Coastal Zone Workshop in 1989 as "a dynamic process in which a coordinated strategy is developed and implemented for the allocation of environmental, socio-cultural, and sustainable multiple uses of the coastal zone." (CAMPNET, 1989).

45. GEO-2000: Chapter Two: The State Of The Environment - Global Issues - Nitrogen L in many freshwater habitats and coastal areas throughout the per cent of the impairedriver reaches (Carpenter Large areas of northern Europe, where intensive http://www.grida.no/geo2000/english/0036.htm

Next: Toxic chemicals and hazardous waste Previous: Stratospheric ozone depletion Contents Chapter Two: The State of the Environment ... Global issues Nitrogen loading Evidence is mounting that human activities are seriously unbalancing the global nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere but must be fixed by micro-organisms in the soil, water and in the roots of nitrogen-fixing plants before it is available for use by plants and the animal life dependent on them. The advent of intensive agriculture, fossil fuel combustion and widespread cultivation of leguminous crops has led to huge additional quantities of nitrogen being deposited into terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Human activities have at least doubled the amount of nitrogen available for uptake by plants (Vitousek and others 1997) and now contribute more to the global supply of fixed nitrogen than do natural processes: we are fertilizing the Earth on a global scale and in a largely uncontrolled experiment. Global fertilizer consumption (Click image to enlarge) Source: FAOSTAT 1997 Global fertilizer use is less than it was in the late 1980s but consumption is still increasing in the developing countries The principal form of anthropogenic nitrogen, accounting for some 60 per cent of the total, is inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. Global fertilizer use soared from less than 14 million tonnes in 1950 to 145 million tonnes in 1988; by 1996 it had fallen back to about 135 million tonnes (FAOSTAT 1997). Consumption is now stable or declining in the industrialized countries but demand is still rising in the developing world. The major driving force is increasing food production, driven in turn by increasing human population and the growing demand for livestock products, particularly in developing countries.

46. GEO-2000: Chapter Two: The State Of The Environment - North America - Marine And coastal areas are thus economically significant. runoff carried by the MississippiRiver, which drains 40 of harmful micro-organisms in coastal waters have http://www.grida.no/geo2000/english/0100.htm

Next: Atmosphere Previous: Freshwater Contents Chapter Two: The State of the Environment ... North America Marine and coastal areas North America's coastline is at least 400 000 km long and is marked by a diversity of ecosystems, including estuaries, bays, inlets, barrier islands, fjords, tidal flats, lagoons, salt marshes, mangrove swamps, coral reefs, deltas and dunes. These areas support a profusion of marine resources, many of which are harvested commercially, as well as recreational and tourist activities. More than 50 per cent of the US population lives in coastal areas and by the year 2025 this will reach 75 per cent (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1998a). Coastal areas are thus economically significant. Yet the ocean's living resources and the benefits derived from them are threatened by fisheries operations, chemical pollution and eutrophication, alteration of physical habitat, and invasions of exotic species. New threats may be caused by ozone depletion and human-induced climate change (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1998a, National Research Council 1995). At the beginning of this century, settlements along North America's coasts were characterized by small fishing communities, and a few cities situated on important transportation routes. Marine resources were abundant. Indeed, the vast stocks of cod on the Atlantic's Grand Banks, the most important cod-fishing ground in the world, attracted European fishing vessels long before immigrants settled in the region. The low level of technology precluded over-exploitation of fish stocks, whereas marine mammals were more susceptible and in great demand. In the Arctic, commercial whaling had greatly reduced some species even by the early 1900s.

47. HR Wallingford - Hydraulics Research And Consultancy Specialists Hydraulic Design of Paved areas M Escarameia, Y Gasowski, RWP May, L Bergamini November2002 Ref SR606 Risk Levels in coastal and river Engineering A http://www.hrwallingford.co.uk/publications/search.html

HR Wallingford Ltd Search "Dissemination of research and consultancy project results" Publications Search New Publications HR Wallingford publishes research and consultancy projects findings in a series of Strategic Reports, Technical Notes, Papers and Proceedings. Our publications are categorised by business area, to view the list of publication, please select a category from the list below: Select a Category Catchments Coastal Estuaries Overseas Development Ports Rivers These publications are available for purchase. To buy, please select the publication from the listing, click on and complete the purchase form. Notes: Items are individually priced Orders are processed on receipt of payment Allow up to 28 days for delivery European/Overseas postage add £5 per item All orders are despatched via letter/parcel rate First Class and Couriers requests are charged extra Hydraulic Design of Paved Areas M Escarameia, Y Gasowski, RWP May, L Bergamini

48. SD : Environment : Potential Impacts Of Sea-Level Rise On Populations And Agricu were suddenly a series of well planned cities, with well ordered agricultural areassurrounding them, in various coastal lowlands or lower river valleys, eg in http://www.fao.org/waicent/faoinfo/sustdev/EIdirect/EIre0047.htm

Posted March 1998 Potential impacts of sea-level rise on populations and agriculture by R. Gommes, J. du Guerny, F. Nachtergaele and R. Brinkman Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2. Direct and indirect effects of sea-level rise Cover page Introduction / setting Lessons from the past Vulnerability index ... Appendix table: AOSIS countries AS MENTIONED in the introduction, small islands and low-lying coastal areas have received much attention in the literature, including the IPCC assessments in the recent years. Deltas fall into the same category of areas very vulnerable to sea-level rise. But unlike deltas and other coastal areas, small islands have no hinterland to move to in the case of loss of land. In addition, their land resources are very limited. According to Nicholls and Leatherman (1995), a 1m sea-level rise would affect 6 million people in Egypt, with 12% to 15% of agricultural land lost, 13 million in Bangladesh, with 16% of national rice production lost, and 72 million in China and "tens of thousands" of hectares of agricultural land. More than direct land loss due to seas rising, indirect factors are generally listed as the main difficulties associated with sea-level rise. These include erosion patterns and damage to coastal infrastructure, salinization of wells, sub-optimal functioning of the sewerage systems of coastal cities with resulting health impacts (WHO 1996, chapter 7), loss of littoral ecosystems and loss of biotic resources.

49. Environment And Nature - Refdesk.com beach erosion; beach nourishment; and surfing areas. Rivers North America's leadingriver-saving organization. Beach environment and coastal Health) Watch http://www.refdesk.com/nature.html

Search Net Facts Subject Index Facts Encyclopedia Newspapers USA/World ... HOME Search the Web Search Tips Help Support Refdesk FACTS ENCYCLOPEDIA ENVIRONMENT AND NATURE Top of Page 1998 - International Year of the Ocean (YOTO) - ocean-related fact sheets and news articles; state-by-state links to weather, buoy data, satellite pictures and local ocean-related links; resources and links for teachers and kids; links to other ocean/coastal resources-related sites and federal agencies concerned with marine resources; discussion papers on various ocean resource management topics. 2001 State of the Beach - This report assesses the state of America's beaches by summarizing each coastal state's availability of information and status in these areas: general beach description; website access; beach access; surf zone water quality; shoreline structures; beach erosion; beach nourishment; and surfing areas. Acid Rain Information - Acid rain is a serious environmental problem that affects large parts of the US and Canada. This EPA site provides information about acid rain's causes and effects, how we measure acid rain, and what is being done to solve the problem. Advanced Forestry - forestry information and a Forestry News page American Rivers - North America's leading river-saving organization. Find out about North America's Most Endangered and Threatened Rivers of 1996.

50. Monitoring The Coastal Environment - National Picture sites, obtaining samples of the environment (eg, soil the condition of more than 615,000river miles (about 17 cover and habitat change for coastal areas of the http://state-of-coast.noaa.gov/bulletins/html/mcwq_12/national.html

Photo 6. Satellite imagery of phytoplankton pigments from the Arctic to the Caribbean. Photo 9. Sediments collected by a "grab" are carefully removed for subsequent toxicity studies in a laboratory. Each day, scientists collect physical, chemical and biological measurements in coastal areas at a variety of spatial and temporal scales ( Figure 1 ). Some environmental issues warrant continuous data collection at multiple sites, while other issues necessitate only measurements at a single site over multiple years. Logistic and technical constraints, as well as fiscal limits on monitoring activities, force trade-offs among the number and types of variables that can be measured, the frequency of measurements and the extent of the measurement locations. Photo 5. The OrbView-2 remote-imaging satellite provides color images of land and ocean on a global scale in near-real time. Monitoring programs in the second class characterize, with greater spatial and temporal detail, the distribution of specific properties in a region by making repeated measurements at selected sites throughout that region. The purpose of such a program is commonly to collect information regarding specific resources or specific human stresses. It involves periodically visiting the designated sites, obtaining samples of the environment (e.g., soil, water, specific organisms, contaminant concentrations), and analyzing them either at the site or in the laboratory. An example is NOAA's Mussel Watch Project, which since 1984 has biennially measured the levels of contaminant concentrations in the tissues of mussels and oysters from over 270 sites along the U.S. coasts and, thus, allowed NOAA to assess trends in contaminant levels.

51. DEFRA Annual Flood And Coastal Management Conference The conference covers a broad range of interests centered on the management of river and coastal flood Category Science Earth Sciences Oceanography Conferences...... the Local Government Association’s (LGA) coastal Issues Special The Medway is thelargest river basin within the and Tonbridge are major urban areas at risk http://www.defra.gov.uk/environ/fcd/Keele/keelemain.htm

Flood Management Defra Annual Flood and Coastal Management Conference The annual Defra River and Coastal Engineering Conference was first held in the wake of the 1953 floods as a means of encouraging information exchange on technical matters between the Department and the then Catchment Boards. Since then the conference has been extended to cover a broader range of interests centered on the management of river and coastal flood risks and coastal erosion. It now regularly attracts around 400 delegates from across the sector including representatives from local and central government, flood and coastal defence operating authorities, consultancies and industry. The conference is generally held to have developed into one of the country's premier engineering related conferences. Next Conference The 38th Conference will be back in its usual slot in the summer from 16 th to 18 th of July 2003 at Keele University. Booking details and a draft agenda will be posted on this website in March 2003. Delegates to previous conferences will receive their booking forms by post at around the same time. Future Conferences Provisional dates for future conferences are th Conference - 23 rd to 25 th June 2004 th Conference - 29 th June to 1 st July 2005 (NB. Future Conference dates and venues may be subject to change)

52. Defra, UK: News Releases 2002:LONG TERM PLANS FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT- to date requires all inland and coastal waters to the Directive will require newpowers in areas such as to co-ordinate production of river basin management http://www.defra.gov.uk/news/2002/021029a.htm

NEWS RELEASE Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Nobel House, 17 Smith Square, London, SW1P 3JR Out of hours: 020 7270 8960 Up to index 29 October 2002 LONG TERM PLANS FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT- NEW CONSULTATION ON WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE The second stage in deciding how to implement the Water Framework Directive in England and Wales is detailed in a consultation paper published today. This Directive - the most substantial piece of EC water legislation to date - requires all inland and coastal waters to reach 'good status' by 2015. River basin districts will be established within which demanding environmental objectives will be set, including ecological targets for surface waters. Announcing publication of the consultation paper, Water Minister Elliot Morley said: "This Directive has rightly been held up as a model for sustainable development. But now we have got to show that it works in practice. This consultation paper maps out a challenging water quality planning and management framework for the future. Please do tell us what you think about our proposals. "The Directive has a wide scope, and provides opportunities to see how best to integrate water quality policy with economic and social considerations and with other policies such as biodiversity and flood protection with the river basin planning process."

53. ONGC :: Our Initiatives :: Safety, Health & Environment high tide mark in respect of coastal projects located so that beach activities orriver front development Work environment in the operational areas should be http://www.ongcindia.com/hse.asp

Your browser does not support script Safety Policy Environment Policy Awards Services ... New Initiatives Everyone who works at ONGC is responsible for protecting the environment, health and safety of our people and communities worldwide. Our commitment to SHE performance is an integral part of our business, and achieving cost-effective solution is essential to our long-term success. The dedication to the causes of environment and safety in ONGC is amply demonstrated by the fact that a separate institute named Institute of Petroleum Safety, Health and Environment Management (IPSHEM) had been set up way back in 1989 to deal with these issues. Click here to read more about IPSHEM. Safety Policy ONGC's safety policy seeks to provide safe and healthy working conditions and enlist the active support of all staff in achieving these ends. The objectives of the Policy are: Directorate of Mines Safety and also other relevant statutory provisions as well as approved codes of practices.

54. Weather areas of fog. Low 2. Thursday..A mix of sun and cloud. areas of fog. High 7. NorthCoast coastal sections. High 8. Copyright 2003 environment Canada. END/RM. http://weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/forecast/textforecast_e.html?Bulletin=fpcn11.cwvr

55. NSW SoE 1995 - Maps areas; coastal Fragile coastal Vegetation; coastal Environmental Sensitivity Dischargesto the Hunter river; CASE STUDY division/basin; NSW Local government areas; http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/soe/95/listmaps.htm

Topics Programs Publications Media releases ... Environmental links Search All of EPA website All except SoE SoE reports Topics Programs Publications Legal and licensing Grants and funding Media releases Public register for Change text size Sitemap Help Contact us [FrontPage Include Component] [FrontPage Include Component] Maps The maps were prepared using ARC/INFO GIS and Mapinfo desktop mapping software. Unless otherwise stated, they are based on GEODATA TOPO-250K GIS data from AUSLIG Contents Page NSW Vegetation Greenness, Nov '94 Air Quality CASE STUDY: Parkville Piggery Odour Management NSW Sampling Sites for the Monitoring River Health Initiative NSW ... CASE STUDY: The Snowy River Environmental Flows Catchment Case Studies Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Swimming Water Quality, Oct '93-Mar '94 Namoi River Catchment Macquarie River Catchment ... Areas Affected by Erosion Marine Waters Sea Surface Temperatures in Marine Waters Sydney's Deepwater Outfalls Ground Water NSW Low Salinity Ground Water Availability NSW Ground Water Storage by Rock Type ... CASE STUDY: Namoi Pesticides Study Land NSW Modelled Agricultural Land Use, 1989-90

56. EPA Water Beachwatch is responsible for monitoring coastal water quality and power stationsto the Hunter river to protect to address some of the areas requiring change http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/water/

57. Eastern Africa: Environment crabs and mullet abound near river estuaries and rely on the trawlable interreefareas and the coastal ecosystems are important economically for tourism and http://www.unep.ch/seas/main/eaf/eafenv.html

The environment of Eastern Africa What's at risk Threats Pollution Desertification ... References What's at risk The environment here defies generalization, and encompasses several biogeographic provinces. Ecotypes include coastal dry forestss, coastal dunes, coastal floodplains, fresh and brackish water marshes,mangvoe forests, coral reefs, reef-back lagoons, sandy beaches and seabird rookeries (sea cliffs and nearshore islands). These areas function as essential habitat for local species including fish and migratory birds, as shoreline stabilizers, and as buffers again coastal erosion. The coast of Eastern Africa is bathed by the great current systems of the Indian Ocean, which vary greatly with the seasonal monsoons. The Indian Ocean has particularly narrow continental shelves along this coast, and thus lower biological productivity than many coastal regions. The coast is rich in varieties and numbers of marine life forms, however. Extensive and highly diverse coral reefs fringe its narrow shelves shores. Species-rich mangroves with their commercially important oysters, crabs and mullet abound near river estuaries and along the coasts, particularly those of Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya and southern Somalia. The region's people are dependent to a significant extent on coastal resources. Fisheries rely on the trawlable inter-reef areas and the species-rich mangroves with their commercially important oysters, crabs and mullet. Coastal ecosystems are important economically for tourism and recreation.

58. Coastal Zone In The Great Lakes Region costeffective measurement of the areas of contaminated Mary's river, and the coastof Lake Huron to Great Lakes Water Levels and coastal Erosion University of http://www.great-lakes.net/envt/air-land/cstzone.html

Air and Land Air Quality Coastal Zone Ecosystem Management Habitat ... Wetlands Water Levels and Hydrology Quality Rivers and Lakes Quantity and Use ... Watersheds Flora and Fauna Biodiversity Endangered Species Forests Invasive Species ... Wildlife Pollution Air Toxics Areas of Concern Human Health Pollution Prevention ... Toxic Contamination References Environmental Justice Laws and Policy Sanctuaries and Reserves Research ... Weather and Climate Coastal Zone in the Great Lakes Region What's New Overview General Resources Education ... Related Resources What's New Vacant waterfront land up for bid in Port Clinton The Cleveland Plain Dealer (3/30) Cleveland's last piece of undeveloped waterfront, called by Mayor Thomas Brown the "best piece of waterfront real estate from Chicago to Cleveland," will go to the highest bidder on April 11. Grants to help Wisconsin’s coastlines Green Bay Press-Gazette (3/18) Wisconsin Gov. Jim Doyle has announced $1.5 million in grants to help protect and enhance the coasts of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem Team U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (3/11) The Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem Team is composed of 43 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service field stations

59. GEO-2000: Chapter Two: The State Of The Environment - Latin America And The Cari discharged into the forests and urban environment (Veiga 1997 are planned to harnessfive river systems over to water have affected both urban and rural areas. http://www-cger.nies.go.jp/geo2000/english/0088.htm

Next: Marine and coastal areas Previous: Biodiversity Contents Chapter Two: The State of the Environment ... Latin America and the Caribbean Freshwater Demand for water is growing rapidly as populations and industrial activity expand and irrigated agriculture (the largest use) continues to increase (WRI, UNEP, UNDP and WB 1996). Many current patterns of water withdrawals are clearly unsustainable, such as pumping from aquifers at rates far greater than they are recharged. Despite the advances of the past ten years, access to safe water remains an important issue. Many people still lack an adequate water supply and a sewage system. In 1995, around 70 per cent of the Central American population had access to a piped public water supply but in Latin America as a whole as little as 2 per cent of sewage receives any treatment (World Bank 1997). If action is not taken in the near future, these problems could present severe health and environmental risks. Where industry, mining and use of agricultural chemicals are expanding, rivers become contaminated with toxic chemicals and heavy metals. Virtually all countries in Latin America have artisanal mining activities, of which gold is the most mined mineral. It is estimated that as many as one million artisanal miners are producing some 200 tonnes of minerals annually (Veiga 1997). Nevertheless, mercury emissions have been reduced from the high levels observed in the late 1980s as a result of a reduction of informal mining activities due to scarcity of easily exploitable ores, better organization of mining activities (largely by NGOs), and the high cost of mercury which has led many miners to recycle. However, probably about as much mercury is still emitted as gold is produced. Since the beginning of the new gold boom in Latin America at the end of the 1970s, around 5 000 tonnes of mercury may have been discharged into the forests and urban environment (Veiga 1997).

60. Coastal Services (January/February 1999) - Gambling With The Environment again to allow dockside gaming on the Mississippi river and in My advice to othercoastal managers is to plan for All our urban areas are built out so they are http://www.csc.noaa.gov/newsletter/back_issues/janfeb99/gambling.html

COASTAL SERVICES January/February 1999 Gambling with the Environment Casinos Change the Coastal Management Game "We didn't foresee the development and we didn't plan for it. My advice to other coastal managers is to plan for the maximum." Steve Oivanki, Mississippi Department of Marine Resources Dockside gambling has more than fulfilled its promise of bringing economic development to the State of Mississippi. As other states look to copy that success, coastal resource managers can plan for the environmental challenges resulting from this booming industry. "The problem is not so much the gaming industry, but the development that comes with it. Gaming was just the catalyst that provided the economic boost," said Steve Oivanki, director of the Coastal Ecology Division of the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources. Jim Nelson, assistant secretary of state in Mississippi, said, "It's a terrifically interesting balancing act between economic development and preserving the environment. The key is to steer the economic activity in sensible ways. We must use the economic boom to enhance, and not destroy, the quality of life and uniqueness of the Gulf Coast." Nelson added, "States that are looking at doing any kind of development, whether it's gambling or a new industry, should come and study Mississippi's experience. Other states can learn and benefit from our mistakes and successes."

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