1. Ecuador: History HISTORY. The coastal region and the high Andean basins of what is now Ecuadorwere inhabited by Indian tribes when the first Europeans reached the area's Category Regional South America Society and Culture History http://www.ddg.com/LIS/aurelia/ecuhis.htm

HISTORY The coastal region and the high Andean basins of what is now Ecuador were inhabited by Indian tribes when the first Europeans reached the area's Pacific coast in 1526. The Inca Empire extended over the highland region to an area near to Quito . The first Spanish settlement in Ecuador was established in 1534 at Quito on the site of an important Inca town of the same name. Another settlement was established four years later near the mouth of the river Guayas on the site of Guayaquil. Expeditions initaited by Francisco Pizarro, who discovered and conquered Peru , founded the settlements and extended Spanish rule over the highland basins and coastal lowlands. Ecuador was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru until 1740, when it was transferred to the Viceroyalty of New Granada (together with Colombia and Venezuela). With hardly any gold or silver, Ecuador did not attract many Europeans settlers during the Spanish colonial period, which lasted until 1822. The first uprising against Spanish rule took place in 1809, but only in 1822 did Ecuador gain independence as part of the Federation of Gran Colombia, from which it withdrew in 1830. A long period of strife and instability followed, caused mainly by struggles between conservative and liberal elements, clerical and anticlerical movements, and large landowners and owners of small farms or platations. The country was run by dictators, and the army palyed an important role in internal politics. During the first century of its independence, Ecuador had changed its contitutions 13 times and only few of its presidents had managed to serve a full four-year term.

2. Ecuador History Ecuador's tumultuous history is, paradoxically, cyclical; Ecuador remains tempestuousand struggles to advance because of deeprooted sociological, geographical http://www.ecuadorexplorer.com/html/history.html

Search EcuadorExplorer.com: Contact Us Site Map General Interest Country Info: Overview Map Center Weather Center Ecuador Statistics ... Ecuador News Before You Go: Overview Airlines Immunizations Packing ... Books on Ecuador While in Ecuador: Overview Getting Around Communications Money Matters ... About Ecuador A Brief History of Ecuador By: Christopher Sacco Related EE.com Pages Books on Ecuador Museums Vital Statistics Ecuador's tumultuous history is, paradoxically, cyclical; Ecuador remains tempestuous and struggles to advance because of deep-rooted sociological, geographical, economic, and political features. The same issues that determined Ecuador's direction in the last two centuries, continue to dominate its historical landscape at the beginning of the twenty first century. Ecuador's colonial roots are not confined to the history books, they are visible in everyday life even after almost two hundred years of independence from Spain. Four key themes remain essential to understanding Ecuador: First, the vast majority of the nation's wealth sits in the hands of a very few, a diminutive middle class struggles to survive, and more than half of the country's population exists at or below the poverty level. Ecuador's highly inequitable economic and social structure can be traced to colonial era racial discrimination and land tenure patterns, and to its dominant European cultural expressions.

3. Ecuador History History of Ecuador. History Home Page. CountryReports.org http://www.emulateme.com/history/ecuadhist.htm

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4. Ecuador History History of Ecuador. Click here to visit our sponsor. http://www.countryreports.org/history/ecuadhist.htm

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5. About Ecuador Ecuador. Ecuador Economy. Ecuador Defense. Ecuador Geography.Ecuador Government. ecuador history. Ecuador People. http://www.countryreports.org/ecuador.htm

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6. Ecuador - History & Culture ecuador history Culture. Colombia and Venezuela soon split. Ecuador'smodern history has had its struggles. A longstanding, internal http://www.geographia.com/ecuador/histroy.htm

ECUADOR E The Inca were a dynamic, rapidly advancing society. They originated in a pocket of Peru, but established a vast empire within a century. It dominated Peru and extended as far as Bolivia and central Chile. The Inca constructed massive, monumental cities. To communicate across their empire they laid wide, stone-paved highways thousands of kilometers long and sent chains of messengers along them. These mailmen passed each other records of the empire's status, which were coded in system of knots along a rope. A winded runner could even rest in the shade of trees planted along both sides of the road. Remarkably, the Canari, Quitu, and Caras were able to hold back Tupac-Yupanqui, though they proved less successful against his son, Huayna Capac. After conquering Ecuador, Huayna Capac indoctrinated the tribes to Quechua, the language of the Incas, which is still widely spoken in Ecuador. In celebration of his victory, Huayna Capac ordered a great city to be built at Tomebamba, near Cuenca. Its size and influence rivaled the capital of Cuzco in Perua rivalry that would mature with posterity. When he died in 1526, Huayna Capac divided the empire between his two sons, Atahualpa and Huascar. Atahualpa ruled the northern reaches from Tombebamba, while Huascar held court over the south from Cuzco. The split inheritance was an unconventional and fateful move, as the first Spaniards arrived in the same year. On the eve of Pizarro's expedition into the empire, the brothers entered into a civil war for complete control.

7. IExplore - Ecuador History, IExplore Ecuador Travel - Travel Ecuador GUARANTEED! ecuador history of Ecuador Ecuador's cultural heritageis as impressive as its physical beauty. The nation was part http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Ecuador/History

dateString = 1070944318; Keyword Search: Home Explore Central and South America Ecuador History E-mail this page Keyword Search Help Ecuador Travel and Trips Overview The Essentials Where to Go ... Health and Vaccinations Contact Us We're here to help you book your next vacation, 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. (US Central Time) Monday-Friday. Call 1-800-iExplore Price Guarantee Our promise: You won't find any of our trips at a lower price anywhere. iExplore offers the best value in adventure and experiential travel... GUARANTEED! Ecuador History of Ecuador Like the rest of South America, Ecuador underwent a period of turmoil as it attempted to cast off Spanish rule in the early 1800s. Independence was won by the armies of Simon Bolivar, with the key battles in Ecuador being won by Antonio Jose de Sucre, one of Bolivar's field marshals. Ecuador's former currency was named in honor of Sucre.) After unsuccessful federation with Colombia and Venezuela, Ecuador became an independent nation in 1830 and began the long, difficult road toward political stability. During this period, there wasn't much job security in being leader of Ecuador. In the first 95 years of independence (1822-1917), Ecuador had 40 presidents, dictators and juntas, and from 1925 to 1948, none of the 22 presidents or chiefs of state completed his term. In 1942, as the result of a war with Peru, Ecuador lost a significant portion of its Amazon Basin territory. After numerous battles peace was finally negotiated in late 1998 that has eased tensions along the border. The country's economy continues to falter due to the low price of oil and catastrophic losses from flooding and volcanic eruptions, combined with government austerity programs.

8. Ecuador History The best travel guide on Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador History, http://www.thebestofecuador.com/history.htm

About Ecuador Regions Useful tips Ecuador best links ... Independence I Republic I Contemporary The Incas had the monopoly of control from 1450 to the first quarter of the 16th Century stewarded by Huayna Capac until his death in 1526 when he left the empire to two sons. He divided the empire into two main areas of control. One son, Huascar was given Cuzco while the other Atahualpa ruled Quito. The division however for the first time in Inca history weakened their infrastructure and imperial stronghold causing them to go to war with one another which also contributed to their downfall against the Spanish invasion. The battle between the two fractions of many years finally ended near Ambato with the Quito ruler defeating his brother and became the sole ruler however the division had taken the strength away from this great race and became quickly known by the advancing Spaniards ruled by Francisco Pizarro who came to South America in 1532 with the objective of conquering the Incas. With the arrival of Pizarro who spread fear into the Indians hearts with their cannons, metal armor and powerful horses, the Spanish advanced rapidly their agenda of the Inca surrender. On November 16th, 1532. Pizarro set up a meeting with Atahualpa to discuss a meeting for mutual interests and negotiation but once the Incas had arrived Pizarro went back on his word and quickly killed off all of Atahualpa's guards forcing him to surrender and be taken as a ransom in return for gold, silver and other Inca wealth.

9. Ecuador History ECUADOR. Under Peru. Independence came centuries later in 1822. For thenext eight years, Ecuador was part of the Gran Colombia federation. http://www.nationbynation.com/Ecuador/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT ... ECUADOR Under the rule of the Incan empire until the coming of the Spanish in 1532, Ecuador came to serve as an important administrative center for the viceroyalty of Peru. Independence came centuries later in 1822. For the next eight years, Ecuador was part of the Gran Colombia federation. Eventually, the Catholic Church achieved special prominence in the country such that citizenship was linked to the religion, Jesuits were brought in to oversee education, among other actions. But in 1895, the anti-church party, the Radical Liberals, seized power and held it for the next half-century. Politically, the country has been essentially stable with the economy generally secure, particularly as oil was discovered in the 1960s.

10. Embassy Of Ecuador - Ecuador/ History - Contemporary ecuador history Contemporary. SPANISH. http://www.ecuador.org/ingles/About_Ecuador/history/contemporary.htm

Ecuador History - Contemporary SPANISH Pre-Columbian and Colonial Independence Republic Contemporary Back In , Ecuador returned to a democratic Government. Jaime Roldós (Concentración de Fuerzas Populares, a populist party) was elected in that year. He died in 1981 in an airplane accident in the southern province of Loja. His constitutional successor, Oswaldo Hurtado (Democracia Popular, social democrat) held the Presidency until 1984. Ecuador faced a severe crisis due to the international crisis of external debt and the financial shocks that ensued, and to floods caused by "El Niño" in 82/83. In August León Febres-Cordero, (Partido Social Cristiano, a Social Christian –right-) assumed the Presidency. During his presidency, Febres-Cordero introduced some free-market policies. The collapse of world oil prices in 1986 reduced Ecuador’s oil export revenues by half, and an earthquake in March 1987 destroyed a large stretch of Ecuador’s sole oil pipeline. In Rodrigo Borja, (Izquierda Democrática, socialist) was elected President and his party held control of Congress. The period from 1988 to 1992 was characterized by increasing oil export prices and reductions in Government spending in real terms. Throughout this period, the Government pursued a gradual stabilization policy. Despite the Government’s policies, inflation rose sharply, averaging 59.7% annually, notwithstanding intervals of relatively robust economic growth. There were cyclical shortages of energy as the site of the main hydroelectric plant had seasonal droughts.

11. Embassy Of Ecuador - Ecuador/ History - Main ecuador history. SPANISH. Back. Overview. PreColumbian and ColonialPeriod Independence Republic Contemporary. Embassy Information Visas http://www.ecuador.org/ingles/About_Ecuador/history.htm

Ecuador History SPANISH Back Overview Pre-Columbian and Colonial Period Independence Republic Contemporary ... Site Map

12. Ecuador History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, C ecuador history Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources,Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/ecuador/ecuador_history_index.html

Country Ranks Introduction History Geography People Government Gov. Leaders ... [TOP] Ecuador History Index http://workmall.com/wfb2001/ecuador/ecuador_history_index.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies History Introduction Historical Setting PRE-HISPANIC ERA DISCOVERY AND CONQUEST ... Return to Democratic Rule, 1979-84 NOTE: The information regarding Ecuador on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Ecuador History information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Ecuador History should be addressed to the Library of Congress. Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail when this web site is updated. Your Internet e-mail address: http://workmall.com/wfb2001/ecuador/ecuador_history_index.html Revised 04-Jul-02 Photius Coutsoukis

13. Ecuador Facts And Figures, Ecuador History Modern History Today, after many years of military rule in the 1960's and 70's,Ecuador enjoys 20 years of continuous democratically elected civilian http://www.goecuador.com/pages_home/aboutec.html

Home Tours eZine Calendar ... Classifieds Tour Activities Birdwatching Deep-Sea-Fishing Horseback Ride Jungle Exploration Mountain Climbing Scuba and Snorkeling Whale Watching Whitewater Rafting Yacht Tours REGIONS Amazon Andes, center Andes, north Andes, south Coast Quito about Ecuador about Go Ecuador travel tips Ecuador e-Village Introduction Ecuador is a magical "New" World country. Despite its small size (Ecuador is about the size of Nevada) the country is blessed with kaleidoscopic diversity in its topography, biology and people. N.B. Some local shamans claim that this nearness to the sun creates unique "cosmic" energies that are conducive to seeing God. There is, however, as of yet, no proof of this). Mt. Chimborazo

14. Ecuador History At HistoryBooks.biz ecuador history Shop online and save on a huge selection of EcuadorianHistory Books at HistoryBooks.biz. ecuador history Books. http://www.historybooks.biz/Americas/South America/Ecuador.htm

Africa Americas Ancient Asia ... Military History Books Home Africa Americas Canada ... Columbia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Uruguay ... Military Ecuador History Books The Savage My Kinsman by Elisabeth Elliot (Paperback September 1996) Culture and Customs of Ecuador (Culture and Customs of Latin America and the Caribbean) by Michael Handelsman (Hardcover May 2000) Yak Pizza To Go! Travels in an Age of Vanishing Cultures and Extinction by Phil Karber (Paperback May 4, 2001) Life and Death in Early Colonial Ecuador (Civilization of the American Indian, Vol 214) by Linda A. Newson (Hardcover May 1995) Traces Behind the Esmeraldas Shore : Prehistory of the Santiago-Cayapas Region, Ecuador by Warren R. Deboer (Paperback February 1996) In Focus Ecuador : A Guide to the People, Politics and Culture (Ecuador in Focus, 2nd Ed) by Wilma Roos, Omer Van Renterghem (Paperback November 2000) ARCHAEOLOGY) by Ross W. Jamieson, Prudence M. Rice (Hardcover October 1, 1999) In the Shadows of State and Capital : The United Fruit Company, Popular Struggle, and Agrarian Restructuring in Ecuador, 1900-1995 by Steve Striffler (Paperback January 2002) Populist Seduction in Latin America : The Ecuadorian Experience (Research in International Studies Latin America Series, 32)

15. Ecuador History Resources At Questia - The Online Library Of The World's Largest Online Library. ecuador history. Questia has books and journalarticles on ecuador history. Selected ecuador history Resources. CLICK A BOOK! http://www.questia.com/Index.jsp?k=ecuador_history

16. 1Up Info > Ecuador History, Biographies - Encyclopedia Guide • News. Search 1Up Info. ENCYCLOPEDIA . ecuador history,Biographies Articles. • Alfaro, Flavio Eloy • Arosemena http://www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/categories/echistbio.html

History People Places Wildlife, Animals, and Plants ... News Search 1Up Info ENCYCLOPEDIA Ecuador History, Biographies Articles Alfaro, Flavio Eloy Arosemena Monroy, Carlos Julio Plaza Lasso, Galo Rocafuerte, Vicente Editor's Pick Cricket World Cup 2003 Atomic Bomb Colin Powell Cricket ... World War II Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. Home Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ©1Up Info

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You are here 1Up Info Encyclopedia Ecuador History, Biographies Plaza Lasso, Galo ... News Search 1Up Info ENCYCLOPEDIA Ecuador History, Biographies Plaza Lasso, Galo Related Category: Ecuador History, Biographies Plaza Lasso, Galo Pronunciation Key Related Resources and Utilities AMAZON All Products Books Magazines Popular Music Classical Music Video DVD Electronics Software Outdoor Living Wireless Phones Computers Outlet Read articles on eLibrary: Encyclopedia Topics History People Places Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. Home Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ©1Up Info

18. Ecuador History Early Years Under Spain The Early Years. Within a year of the Emperor's death Francisco had defeatedthe Incas and controlled the empire from Ecuador to Chile. http://www.galapagosonline.com/Background_Information/History/Early_Years.htm

The Early Years Within a year of the Emperor's death Francisco had defeated the Incas and controlled the empire from Ecuador to Chile. Though he had amassed considerable wealth and territory the elusive El Dorado still evaded him. According to legends the mythological chief would attend yearly festivals his body covered head to toe in gold dust and would go into a local lake with offerings of gold and emeralds. Much as Ponce de Leon believed and sought of the Fountain of Youth, Francisco believed the stories of El Dorado and was determined to find him. Expeditions were sent out at great expense to find the kingdom. The most famous of these began on Christmas day 1539. Gonzalo, Francisco's brother and his second in command Francisco de Orellana, the founder of Guayaquil, led an expedition of almost 4,500 soldiers, native slaves and countless animals to the headwaters of the Amazon. Their party reached the banks of the Rio Napo hungry, and diminished in size from the freezing cold temperatures crossing the Andes and from battles with the local villages. Their supplies were depleted and they were forced to live off the land. Orellana and Gonzalo decided to part company. Gonzalo, blaming the failed expedition on his guides fed half of them to the dogs and burning the remainder. Orellana and a small crew of soldiers constructed a raft and set afloat downstream searching for food and signs of riches. The current quickly took the boat to the Amazon where he decided to push on and continue their journey. For eight months Orellana and his men encountered a various tribes along the river. One of these groups, his stories told, were a group of tall women warriors with white skin and braided hair similar to those of Greek mythology and thus giving the river its name. They finally reached the Atlantic Ocean in August 1541.

19. Ecuador History The Spanish Conquest The Conquest. It was the 1520's in Panama; the Pacific Ocean had just been discovered.Opportunities abound and many men were acquiring considerable wealth. http://www.galapagosonline.com/Background_Information/History/Conquest.htm

The Conquest It was the 1520's in Panama; the Pacific Ocean had just been discovered. Opportunities abound and many men were acquiring considerable wealth. Francisco Pizarro, a Spanish conquistador in is mid-40's, heard a story of an El Dorado the king incredibly wealthy southern city full of gold. He decided to seek the fortune by leading two expeditions down the coast of South America in search of El Dorado. Along the coast he encountered some Incas whose gold adornments, convinced him the fabled kingdom existed. Francisco returned to Spain to secure the king's authority to conquer the land and become its new governor. In 1532 Francisco and his small army returned to South America from Spain. He came up with a plot to find his riches. In Cajamarca a town in northern Peru, Francisco invited Atahualpa, the Emperor of the Incas, and his nobles to a feast. A thousand Incas arrived excited to meet their new visitors whom they thought were gods. Francisco's army, fewer than 200 men, lay in wait and surrounded their unarmed guests. Francisco asked Atahualpa if he would accept the rule of the Spanish Crown and the faith of the Christian Gods. Atahualpa and the Incas refused. The army using swords, horses and cannons seized the guests and they killed most of the Inca leaders within 30 minutes. The Emperor was left alive and held for ransom. The Inca offerings came from all over the kingdom and quickly filling one room with gold and two more with silver the rooms paying the equivalent to $100 million in today's money. Though ransom was paid, Francisco decided to betray them. He set up a trial where Atahualpa was convicted of crimes including polygamy, the worshipping of false gods and crimes against the king. The Conquistadors baptized Atahualpa and executed him on August 29, 1533.

20. Ecuador: History Bitter internecine struggles between Conservatives and Liberals markedthe political history of Ecuador in the 19th cent. The Conservatives http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0857894.html

Encyclopedia Ecuador History History through the Nineteenth Century Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, Ecuador was controlled by the Inca empire. Francisco Pizarro's subordinate, , entered the area in 1533. Not finding the wealth of the mythical El Dorado, he and other conquistadors, notably Gonzalo Pizarro and Orellana , moved restlessly on and the region became a colonial backwater. Given an audiencia in 1563 and established politically as the presidency of Quito, it was at various times subject to Peru and to New Granada Sucre in the battle of Pichincha to Greater Colombia. Flores that year. Boundary disputes led to frequent invasions by Peruvians in the 19th and 20th cent. The entire eastern frontier, known as Oriente, was in dispute. (In 1942, Ecuador signed a treaty ceding a large area to Peru, but in 1960 it renounced the treaty.) Bitter internecine struggles between Conservatives and Liberals marked the political history of Ecuador in the 19th cent. The Conservatives, led by Flores and Rocafuerte Alfaro Montalvo The Twentieth Century Velasco Ibarra became president (for the second time) by a coup in 1944. He was ousted in 1947, and the next year Galo

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