81. Historic Forest Fires, Alaska Science Forum Alaska Science Forum. June 4, 1979. Historic forest fires Article 317. by T. Neil Davis. This column is provided as a public service http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF3/317.html

Alaska Science Forum June 4, 1979 Historic Forest Fires Article #317 by T. Neil Davis This column is provided as a public service by the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, in cooperation with the UAF research community. T. Neil Davis is a seismologist at the institute. Many references to extensive forest fires in Siberia, Alaska and northern Canada are found in the writings of eighteenth and nineteenth century explorers. Some recognized that lightning was the cause of forest fires, but the explorers frequently attributed the fires to native peoples. Authorities on forest fires, including H. J. Lutz of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, have concluded that early native peoples were, in fact, responsible for many fires. Some fires were intentionally set to get rid of mosquitos or possibly to increase moose browse. Others were accidental from signal fires or camp fires going out of control. Indians were not the only starters of fires. In 1915 the "Kennicott fire" was intentionally set by a woodcutter to create fuel wood for use at the Kennicott mine. Sixty-four thousand acres (100 square miles) was burned. In the same year, sparks from a train set a fire that burned 384,000 acres near Chitina. Prior to 1940, there were a number of large fires in Alaska and Yukon that each burned more than 100,000 acres. Among the biggest were the 1,900,000-acre fire at Lake Iliamna in 1935, the Sheenjak River burn of 312,000 acres in 1937 and the Mosquito Fork Flat fire along the old Valdez-Eagle trail that burned over 900,000 acres in 1922.

82. Protecting Your Home From Forest Fires http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FR047

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83. Fire Information Fire Safety About Forest Fires Managing Fire Fire Information. Fire Safety. About forest fires. Managing Fire. Rules and Lawsin Ontario. Photos. Glossary. Reporting forest fires. History. Fire Management Facts. http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/affmb/Fire/Index/About/Default.htm

Fire Information Fire Safety About Forest Fires Managing Fire Rules and Laws in Ontario Jobs and Careers Issues in Fire Management ... FAQ's Click on Smokey for Kid's Fun! Modified February 18, 2002 Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources © Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2002

84. Visible Earth - MISR Images Forest Fires And Hurricane These images show forestfires raging in Montana and Hurricane Hector swirling in the Pacific.......MISR Images forest fires and Hurricane. Files http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/viewrecord?2508

85. ReliefWeb: Indonesian Forest Fires Enter 'dangerous Category' Indonesian forest fires enter 'dangerous category' JAKARTA, April 30 (AFP) Forestfires on the Indonesian island of Sumatra have entered the dangerous http://www.reliefweb.int/w/rwb.nsf/6686f45896f15dbc852567ae00530132/f7e943ee9e15

86. Tropical Countries Get Help On Forest Fires Tropical countries get help on forest fires. YOKOHAMA, JAPAN, 9 NOVEMBER2002 Tropical countries will receive more assistance from http://www.itto.or.jp/inside/current_news/nov11_2002_fire.html

Transboundary parks lauded for peace, conservation benefits ITTO commits more resources to sustainable forest management New forest partnerships aim to strengthen forest management in the tropics Tropical countries get help on forest fires Chairman calls for partnerships between civil society and concessionaires ITTO showcases tropical forest success stories ITTO must do more to combat illegal timber trade and enforce forest laws: Brazil's Minister of Environment and Forests ITTO Takes Action In Africa ... Back to Inside ITTO Tropical countries get help on forest fires YOKOHAMA, JAPAN, 9 NOVEMBER 2002: Tropical countries will receive more assistance from the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) in their efforts to improve the prevention and management of forest fires. This is one outcome of the 33rd Session of the International Tropical Timber Council, which ended here today. The Council meets every six months to consider policies and projects to improve the management of tropical forests, develop sustainable forest-based industries and facilitate the trade of timber from sustainably managed sources. As a first step, the Council will make available to tropical countries the services of forest fire experts who will work with governments and local fire management staff to devise appropriate strategies for managing fire. These will include measures such as public awareness campaigns in rural areas, the use of appropriate technologies in fire management, and the promotion of land management practices that minimize the risk of wildfire. The fire experts will also help develop fire management proposals for funding by the international community, including through ITTO.

87. ESA Portal - Press Releases - Space Technology Fights Forest b The European Space Agency has joined the fight against forest firesin British Columbia, Canada. On 13 control. /b . http://www.esa.int/export/esaCP/Pr_34_2000_p_EN.html

07-Apr-2003 23:24:00 UT 22 May 2000 The European Space Agency has joined the fight against forest fires in British Columbia, Canada. On 13-14 May, a demonstration of REMSAT (Real Time Emergency Management via Satellite), a project initiated and funded by ESA, showed how the integrated use of three key space technologies could help bring a forest fire under control. REMSAT was put through its paces close to the small town of Squamish deep in the heart of British Columbia's forests. A scripted scenario of events based on a real fire was acted out to test precisely how useful the system would be to fire fighters. "Managing a large fire is very complex," says Emmanuel Rammos, REMSAT project manager at ESA. "Many different branches of the emergency services are involved and they need plans and intelligence. REMSAT is useful before, during and after a fire - before for gathering information, during for helping fire fighters manage the situation and after for assessing damage." The European Space Agency (ESA), under its applications programme, placed a contract for REMSAT with Mac Donald Dettwiler (British Columbia, Canada), a company with extensive expertise in space based operations and in transportable equipment, who teamed with the British Columbia Forest Service (BCFS) Protection Program (B.C. - Canada). The demonstration in Squamish was the first of two involving a scripted sequence of events resembling a real fire. The second will be in Lillooet, on 27-28 May. In July/August, during the forest fire season, REMSAT will be tested for the first time in a real fire.

88. ESA Portal - Fighting Forest Fires From Space Fighting forest fires from space 21 February 2001 Faced with fire, flood, landslideor other cataclysm, disaster relief agencies around the world are http://www.esa.int/export/esaCP/ESATJWTM5JC_index_0.html

ESA Life in Space Expanding Frontiers Improving Daily Life ... Benefits for Europe 07-Apr-2003 23:24:00 UT Multimedia Multimedia gallery Media Centre Press Releases Information Notes ESA Television Services Calendar Publications Frequently Asked Questions ESA-sponsored Conferences ... Contact Us Search All ESA Home Advanced Search Cool Creek forest fire Fighting forest fires from space 21 February 2001 Faced with fire, flood, landslide or other cataclysm, disaster relief agencies around the world are increasingly turning to the insights satellite data can give to assist their efforts. In the run up to a major conference "A European Perspective on Disaster Management," hosted by ESA at the end of this month, we've interviewed several key figures who have fought natural disasters (using space-based assets). Our first perspective comes from John Flanagan, a Fire Operations Specialist, with the Protection Program of the British Columbia Forest Service. "We face 3000 forest fires a year in British Columbia," says Flanagan. "94% of which are contained at a small size, but 6% turn into what we call project fires - which demand any and all resources we can deploy to tame them." "With the help of a contract from ESA, which is in part funded by the Canadian Space Agency, we've developed a system for real-time emergency management, using space-based assets. REMSAT can provide command and control and information in areas where the normal infrastructure has been destroyed by fires, earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding - whatever the natural world can throw at us."

89. Guardian Unlimited | Gallery | Arizona Forest Fires Colorado, Satellite mapping A satellite image shows smoke pluming from fires burningin The Chedeski wildfire blazes in a forest community in Arizona, Chedeski http://www.guardian.co.uk/gall/0,8542,742962,00.html

Go to: Guardian Unlimited home UK news World news Archive search Arts Books Business EducationGuardian.co.uk Film Football Jobs Life MediaGuardian.co.uk Money The Observer Online Politics Shopping SocietyGuardian.co.uk Sport Talk Travel Audio Email services Special reports The Guardian The weblog The informer The northerner The wrap Advertising guide Crossword Dating Headline service Syndication services Events / offers Help / contacts Information Newsroom Style guide Travel offers TV listings Weather Web guides Guardian Weekly Money Observer Home UK Business Online ... Quiz More photo galleries More interactive guides More special reports Click on a thumbnail to view the full-size image Special report: natural disasters Rodeo blaze Smoke and flames from the Rodeo fire consume a home outside Show Low, Arizona. The fires racing through eastern Arizona have forced up to 25,000 residents to flee, destroyed at least 12 homes in the mountain community of Pinedale and remained an immediate threat to two other abandoned towns. Photo: Rob Schumacher / AP Firefighting from the skies An air tanker drops retardant near state route 260 in Arizona. The Rodeo fire, about 150 miles north-east of Phoenix, is now burning on the north side of the road. It grew from 150,000 acres to 160,000 acres overnight on Saturday 22 June. Photo: Reuters In the line of fire A Corona de Tucson firefighter flees from a hot spot at a girl's camp in Aripine, Arizona, where winds pushed flames in a north-easterly direction this weekend. Crews with bulldozers, shovels and chain saws rushed to reinforce firebreaks in efforts to protect forest communities from two powerful, wind-driven wildfires that threatened to unite in a 50 mile wide front.

90. Forest Fires And Drought In The US Southwest forest fires and Drought in the US Southwest. by forest fires often translateinto a loss of homes and recreational opportunities. Moreover http://geochange.er.usgs.gov/sw/impacts/biology/fires_drought/

91. Forest Fires Problem For Asthma Sufferers forest fires Problem for Asthma Sufferers This article first appearedin the July 1, 2002 issue of Sinus News Smoke from forest http://www.sinusnews.com/Articles2/asthma-forest-fires.html

Link to Sinus News Subscribe to Sinus News and receive the free newsletter via email twice a month! Forest Fires Problem for Asthma Sufferers This article first appeared in the July 1, 2002 issue of Sinus News Smoke from forest fires raging in the western United States poses a health risk to people who have asthma or other breathing difficulties. "We are seeing more patients in trouble with asthma. The billowing smoke is very irritating to their lungs," said Richard Honsinger, MD, FAAAAI, an allergist/immunologist in Los Alamos, NM. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) recommends the following steps for asthmatics and other people whose asthma or breathing problems are irritated by smoke: Keep windows closed at night to prevent smoke from drifting into the home. Use an air conditioner and dehumidifier to keep air clean, cool, and dry.

92. Forest Fires Translate this page forest fires! Always protect the forest. Cartografia de Risco Information),Attention! forest fires Direcção geral das Florestas. Emergercies http://geocid-snig.igeo.pt/Ingles/fires.html

GEOCID: Forest Fires Maps Aerial Photographs Satellite Images Weather Forecast ... Earthquakes Forest Fires Statistics Citizen Tourism Homepage Forest Fires! Always protect the forest. Cartografia de Risco de Incêndio Florestal (CRIF) Centro Nacional de Informação Geográfica (National Centre for Geographical Information) Attention! Forest Fires Direcção geral das Florestas Emergercies Map Centro Nacional de Informação Geográfica (National Centre for Geographical Information) Watch Towers: Visibility Map Centro Nacional de Informação Geográfica (National Centre for Geographical Information) Know the pictures of: Geofogo Project CRIF Project Centro Nacional de Informação Geográfica (National Centre for Geographical Information) Find in Algarve: Burned areas 1993-2000 Comissão de Cordenação da Região do Algarve MORE SNIG INFORMATION http://snig.igeo.pt To contact us please send an e-mail to: GeocidMaster@igeo.pt

93. CBC News - Indepth: Fighting Fires Then the season moves into high gear with the first round of forest firesin May and June, with more to come in the summer drought months. http://cbc.ca/news/indepth/fightingfires/

CBCCat = "Sports,News,Arts,Kids,Interactive"; Sports = "Hockey,Baseball,Football"; News = "Canada,World,SciTech,Local,Consumers,SpecialReports,Business"; Arts = "ArtsNews,Infoculture,Music,Books,ArtsFeatures"; Kids = "CBC4Kids,PreSchool,Teachers"; Interactive = "MessageBoards,Forums,Games,Media"; Indepth Viewpoint Science Live Canadian Fires It happens every year. If it's spring in Canada, it's the beginning of forest-fire season. Just as the southern coastal states deal with hurricanes, and the U.S. plains contend with tornadoes, Canada copes with flooding and fights fires. It usually starts as early as April, with grass fires that scorch the landscape. Then the season moves into high gear with the first round of forest fires in May and June, with more to come in the summer drought months. By the time it's all over in September, 2,000 square kilometres will have burned in roughly 9,500 fires across the country. For those six months of the year, an entire industry comes alive. Provincial governments and Parks Canada hire and train hundreds of firefighters who spend the summer doing the annual battle with fire. They will spend long, hard hours fighting a stubborn blaze that will only get worse because of high winds. They will be transported to other provinces to reinforce firefighters worn down by a blaze that won't be controlled. Many are college and university students who need a job. Others are highly trained firefighters who have gone to school to learn the intricacies of fire behaviour and suppression.

94. 2000 Fire Publications - Forest Fires In Boreal Forest: The Alaska Taiga. forest fires in Boreal Forest The Alaska Taiga. forest fires in Boreal ForestThe Alaska Taiga. (862 K) Hayasaka, H. NISTIR 6588; November 2000. http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/fire00/art099.html

Forest Fires in Boreal Forest: The Alaska Taiga. Forest Fires in Boreal Forest: The Alaska Taiga. (862 K) Hayasaka, H. NISTIR 6588; November 2000. U.S./Japan Government Cooperative Program on Natural Resources (UJNR). Fire Research and Safety. 15th Joint Panel Meeting. Volume 2. Proceedings. March 1-7, 2000, San Antonio, TX, Bryner, S. L., Editor, 365-372 pp, 2000. Available from: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Technology Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161. Telephone: 1-800-553-6847 or 703-605-6000; Fax: 703-605-6900; Rush Service (Telephone Orders Only) 800-553-6847; Website: http://www.ntis.gov Order number: PB2001-101517 Keywords: fire safety; fire research; forest fires; experiments; lightning; forestry; weather effects; gravimetry; carbon dioxide Building and Fire Research Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899

95. Forest Fires In Colorado New Technique Finds Fires Faster by Terri Gregory More images at the MODIS ImageGallery Usage Policy Back to SSEC MODIS image of forest fire Usage Policy http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/media/spotlight/forestfire.html

"New Technique Finds Fires Faster" by Terri Gregory More images at the MODIS Image Gallery Usage Policy Back to SSEC Usage Policy Space Science and Engineering Center 1225 West Dayton Street Madison, Wisconsin 53706 terrig@ssec.wisc.edu

96. Fighting Forest Fires That's how Public Order Minister, Manolis Chrysohoidis, describedthe Fire Department's new policy in dealing with forest fires. http://www.greece.gr/ENVIRONMENT/EnvironmentalPolicy/AttackingTheRoot.stm

Home Environment Environmental Policy Putting out the Fire: Saving Greece's Forests Attacking the Root "We put them out before they start". That's how Public Order Minister, Manolis Chrysohoidis, described the Fire Department's new policy in dealing with forest fires. This effectively means that high-risk areas are closely monitored and fledgling blazes are caught early and attacked with a barrage of fire-fighting artillery. This strategy seems to be effective - last summer, all recorded blazes were contained to no than a 500-metre radius of the ignition point. In contrast, the summer of 1998 had 28 fires that spread beyond the half-kilometre mark. Arson Detection As of summer 2000, the Ministry of Public Order is setting up a new Arson Detection department. It will undertake the investigation of forest fires in which arson may have been involved, as well as the identification and arrest of perpetrators. According to Public Order Minister Chrysohoidis, "Until our ability to determine the causes of forest fires improves, our efforts at prevention will essentially remain shots in the dark" .

97. ITworld.com - REMOTE AND MOBILE COMPUTING - Extinguishing Forest Fires With PDAs Extinguishing forest fires with PDAs Sign up forREMOTE AND MOBILE COMPUTING. More Newsletters. http://www.itworld.com/nl/wireless_watch/08212002/

Special: CREATE YOUR OWN SUCCESS STORY WITH REAL-TIME BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE Search all sites www.itworld.com security.itworld.com smallbusiness.itworld.com wireless.itworld.com Home Newsletter Archive REMOTE AND MOBILE COMPUTING Extinguishing Forest Fires with PDAs Sign up for REMOTE AND MOBILE COMPUTING More Newsletters Printer Friendly Format Mail to a friend REMOTE AND MOBILE COMPUTING - 08/21/2002 Dave Johnson Last month, I stepped onto the front porch of my home in Colorado Springs and smelled an ugly odor: the scent of wildfire. Back in New York or Chicago, you might not have given our nation's disastrous fires a whole lot of thought, but here in the middle of Colorado, where I was actually able to smell the convergence of two wildfires in two separate states while standing on my front lawn, it was real and scary. Advertisement On this topic Newsletters wireless.itworld.com. Sign up Now! More news on this subject Microsoft pulls out of mobile JV with Ericsson WAP 2.0 eases development for small Net access devices Handset, system makers unite on multimedia messaging EDS offers mobile devices management ... Mobile phone makers embrace wireless Net standard White Papers A Vision for Business Intelligence: Engendering a Quiet Revolution in the Work Place Search the Newsletter Archives The Entire Archive eBUSINESS INSIGHTS UNIX IN THE ENTERPRISE SECURITY STRATEGIES WINDOWS IN THE ENTERPRISE UNIX SECURITY ITWORLD.COM THIS WEEK

98. One Large, Overlooked Factor In Global Warming: Tropical Forest Fires | Csmonito MONTHS OF HAZE Huge forest fires like those in Indonesia in 1997 and '98, hereseen in Palembang, need to be factored into climate modeling, scientists say. http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/1107/p14s02-sten.html

WORLD USA COMMENTARY LEARNING ... MonitorTalk Search: Environment Internet Also see: Monitorblog A daily Weblog about technology, the Web, wireless, etc. Sci/Tech columnists: Jim Regan Site Reviews Michelle Thaller Science Tidbits Monitorblog A weblog about technology and its impact on our lives. Liblog Our staff librarians' weblog about informative and interesting web sites In this week's Sci/Tech section: L.A. fault line has geologists quaking Blair pushes plan to harness greener energy Fast tracking More than playing games ... Pakistan's Christians fear backlash As war strengthens anti-American feelings, the minority group cites a rise in threats and harassment. Most-viewed stories: (for 04/06/03) Chaos and denial in Baghdad A sharp turn in US perceptions of war Daley draws fire for being 'autocratic' in airport flap War coverage a tough balancing act for Egypt TV ... Environment from the November 07, 2002 edition MONTHS OF HAZE: Huge forest fires like those in Indonesia in 1997 and '98, here seen in Palembang, need to be factored into climate modeling, scientists say. SUPRI/REUTERS One large, overlooked factor in global warming: tropical forest fires

99. Herbicides To Fight Forest Fires? Herbicides to Fight forest fires? EarthVision Environmental NewsSAN FRANCISCO, September 19, 2002 The US Forest Service (USFS http://www.earthvision.net/ColdFusion/News_Page1.cfm?NewsID=22366

100. Forest Fires Yet another reason why smoking is bad for you! ClickHere to Send smokesignals to Your Friends! http://www.millan.net/funp/100/puffballs.html

Yet another reason why smoking is bad for you! Click Here to Send smoke-signals to Your Friends!

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