21. Subject Area Details You can find research on nuclear power reactors and associated plants, includingresearch on nuclear fuels and general studies of reactor physics fossil fuels. http://www.etde.org/edb/subjdetl.html

About ETDE's Energy Database Subject Areas Reference Publications ... Home Subject Area Details ETDE's Energy Database covers energy-related information in the following 13 major subject areas: Accelerators and Instrumentation This section includes research in the design, development, and operation of particle accelerators, including storage rings. You can also find records relating to the effects of radiation on instrumentation, instrumentation to measure radiation, and other instrumentation associated with energy research. Biomedical Sciences This section focuses on basic and applied biomedical sciences, including the thermal effects of energy-related activities on living organisms and the metabolism and toxicology of chemicals associated with an energy cycle. Studies on monitoring radiation exposure and procedures and standards for protection against radiation can be found here in addition to studies of radiation effects on biochemicals, microorganisms, plants, and animals. Chemistry and Geology In this category, you can find research on energy-related aspects of such areas as analytical chemistry, chemical properties, and chemical processes in addition to radioisotope production involving chemical separations and non-fuel-specific information on combustion theory. Aspects of geology, seismology, and geochemistry where the context of the work reported is energy technology (such as studies of physical processes involved in global climate change) are also covered here.

22. VCR Inc. - Sector List Commercial general Real Estate (39); Commercial - Information Technology (1 1);Electricity - Transmission Utility (1); Forestry (22); fossil fuels - Coal (3); http://www.vcr-mvr.ca/sectorlist.cfm

23. VCR - Sort Challenge Registry By Sector Commercial general Real Estate (40); Commercial - Information Technology (1 1);Electricity - Transmission Utility (1); Forestry (22); fossil fuels - Coal (3); http://www.vcr-mvr.ca/challenge/sectorlist_e.cfm

Alternative and Renewable Energy (9) Association (22) Commercial - Accommodation and Food Services (44) Commercial - Airport Operations (1) Alternative and Renewable Energy (9) Association (22) Commercial - Accommodation and Food Services (44) Commercial - Airport Operations (1) ... Feedback

24. Why Biomass? / General Biomass Company biomass sugars reduces the need for fossil fuels like gasoline their emissions ofCO2 from fossil carbon general Biomass Company Email dgibbs@generalbiomass.com http://www.generalbiomass.com/whybio1.htm

Why Biomass? Biomass recycles carbon from the air and spares the use of fossil fuels, reducing the need to pump additional fossil carbon from the ground into the atmosphere. Biomass comes from green plants which actively absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it into sugars, which are then stored in long molecules like cellulose. Eventually this plant carbon is returned to the atmosphere by natural decay processes, including the breakdown of cellulose. We can intervene in this process by breaking down cellulose to glucose in biomass processing plants, then converting the sugars to ethanol, which is a substitute for gasoline. Using ethanol made from biomass sugars reduces the need for fossil fuels like gasoline. Ethanol can also be used to power fuel cells, and is easier to store and distribute than gaseous hydrogen. Biomass can also be burned to produce electricity, or gasified to produce a non-fossil substitute for natural gas. Biomass is an abundant and underutilized resource which remains to be effectively used on a commercial and societal scale. Plants produce an estimated 1 trillion metric tons of cellulose every year. Using even a fraction of this for fuel ethanol and biogas could begin to reduce our yearly addition of more fossil carbon to the atmosphere, and provide additional domestic energy supplies and jobs. Worldwide, the use of biomass could provide social and economic benefits to many countries and reduce their dependence on imported oil, while lowering their emissions of CO2 from fossil carbon.

25. General Biomass Global Warming Page global warming, blending accounts of scientific observations and the developmentof fossil fuels. of carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa and general Circulation Models http://www.generalbiomass.com/globalwp2.htm

Carbon Emissions and Global Warming IPCC Global Warming Reports Get the latest definitive reports on global warming from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). These include four Summaries for Policymakers and Technical Summaries on "Climate Change 2001 The Scientific Basis", " Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability", "Mitigation" and a "Synthesis Report". The first report from the January 2001 meeting in Shanghai projects that global surface temperatures will increase faster and further than previously thought 1.4 to 5.8 deg C from 1990 to 2100, at a rate unprecedented in the last 10,000 years. A short summary of the Shanghai report is available from the U.S. Dept. of State 680 million vehicles today, more to come. Motor vehicles could add 2 gigatonnes of carbon to the atmosphere each year within 20 years. Ethanol from biomass has the potential to reduce carbon emissions from the transportation sector by reducing gasoline consumption. Summary of Global Warming and the Need for Liquid Fuels from Biomass , BioEnergy '98, 1998. Tens of terawatts (1 TW = 1 trillion watts) of carbon-emission-free primary power will be required by 2050 to stabilize atmospheric carbon dioxide content. For comparison, the

26. Beyond Fossil Fuels: The Evolution Of Energy themselves into hybrids—a diagonal model—where asset ownership and fossilfuels still figure At the core of the general energy model is the idea that http://www.pwcglobal.com/extweb/newcolth.nsf/docid/0D7A58A9CC7AB24685256C3100624

document.write(clickpath); Please enable JavaScript to view this page properly. Beyond Fossil Fuels: The Evolution of Energy by Dennis Jennings and John Fillo According to Roy McAlister, a research professor at Arizona State University, since the Industrial Revolution humanity has annually consumed about a million years' worth of fossil fuel resources, from reserves that took 100 million years to accumulate. Such levels of demand on a finite supply of fossilized organisms are unsustainable in the long-term. Fossil fuels will run out later rather than sooner, but it is "greenery" ( The Economist 's new term for green issues), not scarcity, that is unsettling the petroleum industry today. Erratic weather patterns, volatile business climate: the scramble is on to develop new energy sources and economies. But technology offers wildcard after wildcard as a possible solution. How are petroleum companies adapting during this boom-or-bust transitional period? Greenery Incorporated Prophets of doom have been predicting that existing reserves will become inadequate to fuel the world's energy needs since the 1970s. But advances in exploration and production technology have in fact increased the amount of petroleum available to such a degree that even squeezing petroleum out of previously unattractive tar sands has become reasonably economic.

27. 43rd IAEA General Conference - Scientific Forum On this basis, world energy demand grows by 65% over the period 19952020 and95% of the additional demand over the period is met by fossil fuels. http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/About/GC/GC43/sciprog/sessions.html

Background Session 2 Session 3 Programme 28 - 29 September 1999 Sustainable Development: A Role for Nuclear Power? Sessions of the Scientific Forum The Scientific Forum will allow Member States and international organisations, including industry and NGOs, to present their viewpoints on the role they envisage for nuclear power in the future, the main issues hindering or facilitating this role, and international co-operation in the field of nuclear power. The topic of the Scientific Forum will be introduced by presenting the world energy outlook and sustainable development issues linked to energy needs. The Scientific Forum will be organized in three sessions with a concluding panel discussion, each lasting three hours (from 10:00 to 13:00 and from 15:00 to 18:00). The following topics will be addressed: Session I: Energy and Sustainable Development Tuesday morning Moderator: Mr. Reinhard Loosch, Former Chairman, IAEA Board of Governors

28. IAEA Director General Addresses Efforts To Protect Against Nuclear Terrorism Bef RELATED LINKS. •, Nuclear Power Alternative to fossil fuels, IAEADirector Informs general Assembly (UN Press Release GA/9938). http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Press/P_release/2001/prn0124.shtml

Press Releases Current Archive Daily Press Review ... Back International Atomic Energy Agency PR 2001/24 (22 October 2001) IAEA Director General Addresses Efforts to Protect Against Nuclear Terrorism Before UN General Assembly RELATED LINKS Nuclear Power Alternative to Fossil Fuels, IAEA Director Informs General Assembly (UN Press Release - GA/9938) Disarmament Progress Contributes to Global Effort Against Terrorism (UN Press Release- GA/DIS/3208) Excerpts from the Director General's Statement The Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei, said October 22 in New York that the September 11 attacks on the United States had been a "wake-up call" to everyone that more can and must be done to bolster security as an integral part of the management of national nuclear programmes. In support of that effort, he had already initiated a thorough review of all IAEA activities and programmes relevant to preventing acts of terrorism involving nuclear and other radioactive materials. Presenting the IAEA's annual report before the UN General Assembly, Dr. ElBaradei said: "The Agency is engaged in a variety of activities relevant to combating nuclear terrorism including programmes to ensure physical security, to help prevent and respond to illicit trafficking of nuclear material and other radioactive sources, to promote the safety of nuclear facilities, to safeguard nuclear material against non-peaceful uses, and to respond to emergencies."

29. Changingclimate.org: Changing Climate And Its Social And Environmental Impact. Alison Colls 08Mar-2002, general, 1900. The main man-made source of carbon is theburning of fossil fuels Understanding the way carbon is cycled and recycled in http://www.changingclimate.org/content/search/search_results/data/keyword_Sci/ti

search basics research impacts initiatives ... in focus Basic science The Two-Mile Time Machine Introduction Susan Ballard 21-Oct-2002 General Richard B. Alley, author of “The Two-Mile Time Machine: Ice Core, Abrupt Climate Change, and Our Future” made headline news in the mid-1990s when with colleagues he uncovered the relatively sudden end of the last ice age recorded in an ice sample from Greenland. The discovery shook up the prevailing ... Interview with new IPCC Chair Introduction Susan Ballard 13-May-2002 General Dr Rajendra Pachauri was controversially elected as Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in May 2002, having previously been Vice-Chair. Susan Ballard was able to track him down at his base in New Delhi, where he is Director General of TERI (the highly-respected Tata Energy Research ... Climate Change and Extreme Weather Introduction Alison Colls 04-Apr-2002 Interested Floods and droughts, heat waves, hurricanes and violent storms are all examples of extreme weather. It is widely believed that such events are getting more common and The United Nations Environment Program predicts that they are likely to hit our lives and livelihoods harder than any other aspect of ...

30. Department Of Physics, NUI,Galway The categories are general Energy Resources fossil fuels Biomass Solar PowerWind Power Geothermal Power Fuel Cells Energy from Water Nuclear Power. http://www.physics.nuigalway.ie/Links/Energy_links.htm

MM_preloadImages('../Images/newsswoosh_texture1.jpg'); MM_preloadImages('../Images/newsswoosh1.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../Images/whyphysswoosh_texture1.jpg'); MM_preloadImages('../Images/linksswoosh_texture1.jpg'); MM_preloadImages('../Images/researchswoosh_texture1.jpg'); MM_preloadImages('../Images/peopleswoosh_texture1.jpg'); MM_preloadImages('../Images/contactswoosh_texture1.jpg'); Return to main Links page Links to Web Sites on Energy Physics The energy physics links have been divided into a number of categories for ease of access. The categories are: General Energy Resources Fossil Fuels Biomass Solar Power ... Nuclear Power General Energy Resources California Energy Commision (An excellent web site) The US Department of Energy The US Energy Information Administration Fossil fuels, Nuclear energy, Renewables ESB (Electricity Supply Board) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Network (part of the US Dept. of Energy) ... Oak Ridge National Laboratory Energy technologies page Sandia National Laboratories Renewable Energy Fact Sheet International energy agency Introduction to Renewable Energies NMRC, Ireland

31. The NSDL Scout Report For Physical Sciences -- Volume 1, Number 8 fossil fuels http//fossil.energy.gov/education/ The Department of Energy Web sitefossil fuels is billed as an energy education site mainly for older kids http://scout.wisc.edu/nsdl-reports/phys-sci/2002/ps-020503-general.html

Internet Scout Project NSDL Scout Reports Physical Sciences [In this Issue: ... Verso] May 3, 2002 Volume 1, Number 8 Table of Contents Printable version The Nobel Prize in Physics: Educational [Flash] http://www.nobel.se/physics/educational/ The Nobel Foundations online Nobel e-Museum Web site (last mentioned in the October 12, 2001 Scout Report ) contains some very informative and fun physics pages. These interactive activities and games include topics on tools used by physicists, transistors, microscopes, and the exploration of the interior of matter. These well done pages, although best viewed with a higher speed modem, contain high quality material presented in a fresh and exciting way for young adults and lifetime learners. [JAB] [Back to Contents] Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan [.pdf] http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of02-110/of02-110.pdf The USGS has recently released the report Mines and Mineral Occurrences of Afghanistan in Adobe Acrobat (.pdf) format. The 95-page open file report is an inventory of more than 1000 mines and mineral occurrences in the country that resources that include metals, industrial minerals, coal, and peat. The data was compiled from published literature and digital files of the members of the National Industrial Minerals project, and are presented in tables that list mineral showings, deposits, and pegmatite fields. This site is also reviewed in the May 3, 2002

32. Pravda.RU “BRIGADE GENERAL” CAPTURED AT NIGHT IN URUS-MARTAN WEARING JUST UNDE property . Facing the trial will be Valery Voskoboinikov, Rosaviakosmosdeputy directorgeneral, Alexander Klementyev More details http://english.pravda.ru/world/2002/09/16/

Say what you want! PRAVDA.Ru will hear you! Sep, 16 2002 In Russian Em Portugues Former USSR Top Stories ... About Pravda.RU:World Ecological disaster in South Africa Santa Lucia reserve threatened by oil slick More details Busek: Stability Pact at Forefront in Fight Against Terrorism Special Co-ordinator of the Stability Pact for S.E. Europe Erhard Busek informed an OSCE meeting in Vienna that the Pact - through its Working Table on Security Issues - has been extremely active in fostering and coordinating international action on combating terrorism in the region. He also said that it has been vital in facing up organized crime, illicit trafficking in human beings and small arms and light weapons in the area More details Australia: Armed Forces Likely to Join the War The US has made no secret of its desire to have the Australians on board With conflict in Iraq appearing more likely, the US is set to seek involvement of at least two key Australian military capabilities. They are the Special Air Service regiment and RAAF air-to-air refuelling aircraft, which have both operated effectively within the US-dominated coalition against terror. More details China: Food poisoning causes 450 victims 400 hospitalised and 41 dead A popular festivity in Nanjing, eastern China, at which a local cake was eaten, has caused 41 deaths and at least 400 internments in hospital, according to the Chinese news agency, Xinhua.

33. The Highest Priority Objective Of The World Game (R. Buckminster Fuller). issues arise from the use of energy greenhouse gas emissions, acid rain, climatechange, dependency on depleting supplies of fossil fuels – especially from http://www.geni.org/energy/faq/general/faq_I_am_concerned_about_global_energy_pr

Question: Why do I need to be concerned about global energy problems? Key Words: Answer: Many issues arise from the use of energy: greenhouse gas emissions, acid rain, climate change, dependency on depleting supplies of fossil fuels – especially from politically unstable regions of the world. 80% of the world's electrical production comes from fossil and nuclear fuels, and virtually all transportation is fueled by petroleum. The World Energy Council projects primary energy demand to triple by 2050, as population grows to 8-9 billion and developing nations elevate living standards. The fossil fuels by definition are non-renewable and are destined to run out – so economies will be forced to change as these fuels are depleted. Rich nations will be insulated a bit longer, yet scarcity will surely create geopolitical tensions. The emissions from the burning of fossil and nuclear fuels creates atmospheric, water and land pollution and toxic waste. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) says this combustion is causing a discernable change of the global weather and climate patterns that will affect all humanity in decades to come.

34. Ask Professor Quester - Energy Q&A Questions. fossil fuels Questions, general Renewable Energy Questions.Hydroelectric (Water Power) Questions, Wind Energy Questions. http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/ask_quester/

Dear Students, On this page you will find answers to most of your questions about energy. Choose a topic. Then look over the questions. Click on the question, and you'll find the answer! If you need more information, check out Energy Story or How Stuff Works at www.howstuffworks.com . You can also do an internet search using your favorite search engine. Thanks for visiting Energy Quest! Topics General Energy Questions Electricity and Efficiency Questions Fossil Fuels Questions General Renewable Energy Questions ... Transportation Energy Questions General Energy Questions What is the scientific name for the energy in your body, like where you get your strength? What is radiant energy and mechanical energy (friction, compression, distortion)? What is the composition of a match head ...that is, what chemicals are used to manufacture them? Do you know of any more web sites that include games, activities or valuable information on energy? ... Can you give a couple of examples of chemical energy? Electricity and Efficiency Questions My son is trying to gather information on fluorescent lighting. Can you help him out?

35. Professor Quester Answers - General Energy Professor Quester Answers general Energy Questions. Today we use engines,powered by fossil fuels or renewable energy, to do work. http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/ask_quester/answers_general.html

Professor Quester Answers General Energy Questions Dear Professor Quester: What is the scientific name for the energy in your body like where you get your strength? My teacher said that when you are sleeping the energy is potential. But if you are sleeping your body doesn't stop. It moves because you can have rapid eye movement and your brain keeps working and your digestive system and all, you know, so what's up with that? Wouldn't your body always be kinetic? THANK YOU SOOOO MUCH!!! (Christen, Grade 9, Creek View High School, Dallas, Texas) The Professor Answers: Your body uses chemical energy to get your strength, and both you and your teacher are correct. Chemical energy in plants and other food is potential energy. This chemical energy is released as it is "burned" or oxidized inside our bodies during digestion - fueling our bodies. Your body actually doesn't shut down totally when you sleep of course, because the your digestive system is always working, breaking down the food into chemical and heat energy fueling your lungs, brain, heart, etc. What your teacher probably means is that your body is at rest and is considered more potential energy (at rest) than when you are awake, walking around (kinetic). Good luck and thanks for asking.

36. Energy 1200000 Management/fossil Energy 1265000 Hydrogen and Synthetic fuels 1265005 Alcohol fuels1265010 Biomass fuels 1265015 Ethane 1265020 Hydrocarbon fuels, general http://www.system.missouri.edu/research/1200000.htm

1200000 Energy 1205000 Automotive Propulsion Systems 1205005 Alternative Fuels 1205010 Electric Powered Systems 0609009 Emission Control* 1205020 External Combustion Engines 1205025 Flywheel Propulsion 1205030 Hybrid Propulsion Systems 1205035 Internal Combustion Engines 1205040 Vehicle Design 1210000 Direct Energy Conversion 1210005 Electrohydrodynamic Generators 1210010 Fuel Cells 1210015 Magneto hydrodynamic Generators 0607033 Photovoltaics* 1210020 Thermionic Convertors 1210025 Thermoelectric Generators 1215000 Energy Biological/Biomedical Sciences 1215005 Analytical Techniques 1215010 Biological Materials 1003002 Biochemistry* 1215015 Biology, Behavioral 1002004 Biology, Cellular* 1002005 Biology, Conservation* 1002006 Biology, Developmental/Evolutionary* 1002007 Biology, Metabolic* 1002008 Biology, Molecular* 1002009 Biology, Radiation*

37. General Hydrogen - Industry News STUDY PUBLISHED The comprehensive Wellto-Wheel Study of general Motors/ Opel sourcesare technically ready to take the place of fossil fuels, suggesting the http://home.generalhydrogen.com/php/industryNews.php?status=news¤tNews=96

38. CENTRE FOR ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY Much of the anthropogenic (human) impact on the atmosphere is associated withour increasing use of fossil fuels as an energy source for things such as http://www.cac.yorku.ca/general/intro.html

What is Atmospheric Chemistry? P. Crutzen, M. Molina and F. S. Rowland. Photochemical Smog/Tropospheric Ozone Further information: SMOG Let's clear the air! The Chemistry of Atmospheric Pollutants Global Warming Further information: Frequently asked questions about Climate Change Do you want to know more about climate change? Greenhouse Gases Carbon Dioxide, (CO2) Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Further information: Frequently asked questions about Ozone Depletion from the Union of Concerned Scientists Greenpeace: Ozone Campaign Home Page The Science of ozone depletion USENET FAQ about ozone depletion (from Europe) The Ozone Hole - a Multimedia Tour! The ozone layer Acidic Deposition Further information: Acid rain Acid rain resources Toxic Air Pollutants Further information: Public health statement: PCB's Atmospheric Chemistry at York University York University offers a unique undergraduate degree program that provides students with the necessary theoretical background and practical laboratory experience to enable them to make meaningful contributions to these important environmental concerns upon their graduation. We have historically been very successful in assisting our atmospheric chemistry students in finding suitable and rewarding employment within this field. York also offers M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Atmospheric Chemistry. Further information: Atmospheric Chemistry Programmes at York University Top of page Back to the homepage of the Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry

39. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) - General Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) general. What is an AlternativeFuel? CO is produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. http://www.cleanburbank.com/burbank/burbank.nsf/bytitle/faq_general.htm

April 7, 2003 document.forms[0].onsubmit=submitkiller; Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) - General What is an Alternative Fuel? A fuel that can be used instead of conventional transportation fuels (i.e., gasoline and diesel). Alternative fuels include natural gas (compressed and liquefied), propane (LPG), hydrogen, electricity, and more. What are Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs)? AFVs are vehicles with engines that operate on an alternative fuel. What is Smog? Smog is the term generally used to describe air pollution. Specifically, smog is derived mainly from vehicles and industry exhaust, and requires specific meteorological conditions (i.e., stagnant air, lots of sunlight, strong inversion layer) to facilitate the chemical reactions which create smog. NOx, CO and reactive hydrocarbons are key ingredients of smog, bringing along their adverse health effects. The individual pollutants that contribute to smog include: Carbon Dioxide (CO ) - A nonpoisonous gas that is a normal ingredient of the air we breathe. CO is a greenhouse gas that traps the earth's heat, contributing to global climate change. CO

40. The Nanocatalysis And Fossil Fuels Report fossil fuels ..31. Appendix1 fossil fuel Intro general http://nanotech-now.com/nanocatalysis-fossil-fuels-report.htm

Basics Introduction Current Uses Interviews ... Home The Nanocatalysis and Fossil Fuels Report "Nanocatalysis and Fossil Fuels" , contains an in-depth analysis of the impact of nanocatalysis on the global energy industry, a detailed description of the technologies involved, and profiles of the leading players. Despite earlier oil supply scares, most countries in the world are still heavily dependent on imported oil, especially for transport. Yet many of these countries have huge reserves of coal or gas that cannot currently be economically exploited. Recent developments in the application of nanotechnology to catalysis are promising to lower oil price pressure through improved coal liquefaction and gas to liquid processes, allowing countries such as China, the US, Canada, India, Russia and Australia to significantly reduce or eliminate their requirements for imported oil. This could cause a permanent downward adjustment in the price of oil that would render high-production-cost operations, especially those offshore, uneconomic, and significantly reduce the economic and political influence of oil-producing nations and OPEC. Table of Contents ORDER The Nanotechnology Opportunity Report (TM) Executive Summary Energy is the world's largest market, and one that has political and strategic impacts unmatched by any other sector. Most countries are entirely dependent for their energy needs on the finite resources of fossil fuels. Fluctuations in energy prices can bring economies to their knees, and allow otherwise less influential or developed countries to become major players in world politics.

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