61. Iceland Top of Page. Natural history of iceland. Important Events in icelandic history From874 to 1998, learn about the events that helped shape iceland's history. http://www.stemnet.nf.ca/CITE/iceland.htm

Gander Academy Iceland Icelandic Symbols Icelandic Geography Maps of Iceland Icelandic Society ... Volcanoes of Iceland Icelandic Symbols The National Anthem This site has the lyric and an audio file of the Icelandic National Anthem. The national anthem of Iceland was originally composed in 1874 for the millenium celebration of the settlement of Iceland. It was composed by Sveinbjorn Sveinbjornsson and the lyrics are by Matthias Jochumsson. The Coat of Arms of Iceland There are four supporters on the national arms: Bull, eagle, dragon (or a griffin) and giant. The bull and giant are standing on a basement of basalt representing Iceland. Above them are the eagle and dragon. The supporters refer to the guardians of Iceland that are mentioned in a passage in Heimskringla. The story is from the Saga of Olav Tryggvason (chapter 33) and goes like this: Top of Page Icelandic Geography Iceland: Land of Fire and Ice Travel to an island of raging volcanoes, thermal springs, and vast sheets of ice. Iceland is an island of 103,000km2 (39,756 square miles), with an average height of 500m above sea level. Its highest peak, Hvannadalshnúkur, rises to 2,119m, and over 11% of the country is covered by glaciers, including Vatnajökull, the largest in Europe. Country Profile ALMOST EVERYBODY IN ICELAND is on a first-name basis - even the phone books in this country of 270,000 are divided by first names. A land of glaciers, volcanoes and frequent earthquakes, Iceland has the world's oldest parliament - the Althingi, established in 930. Icelanders also have a fondness for the epic tales of explorers who began their journeys from this country's shores in the 10th century.

62. World Travel Guide - Iceland - History & Government World Travel Guide iceland - history Government - includesinformation on the constitution and politics. http://www.sftpwtg.com/data/isl/isl580.htm

Travel Information Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Maps Regions and Cities Home World Europe Iceland History and Government History: The island was settled by the Norse seafarers in the 9th century who established the world's first known republic and parliament in about 930 AD. The original seat of this democratic system may be found at Thingvellir, about an hour's drive from Reykjavik, where the original Viking settlers turned a cliff wall into a natural amphitheatre which was used as an assembly. In the mid-13th century the islanders submitted to the authority of the King of Norway, and when Norway came under the control of Denmark in 1380, Iceland did too. In 1814, Norway became independent, but Iceland remained a Danish territory. In 1840 it was granted its own constitution - effectively allowing internal self-government. Full independence was granted in 1918, although Iceland continued to recognise the Danish monarch as head of state. It was not until 1944 that Iceland became a fully independent nation with its own head of state. Contemporary Icelandic politics display the customary Western European spectrum of political parties, although a notable feature has been the influence of women within the main parties (Independents, Progressives, Social Democrats). Iceland's most famous political figure of recent times is also a woman, Vigdis Finnbogadottir, who served four consecutive terms as president between 1980 and her resignation in 1996. The Parliament ( Althing

63. History Of Iceland The 20th century turned out to be a major transformation point inIceland's history. Entering the century with close memories of http://www.iceland.or.jp/Files/iceland/his.htm

Gen Info History Government Economy Tourism Ice/Jap History Period of Settlement (870 - 930 AD) The Icelandic Free-state (930 - 1262 AD) Union with Norway (1262 - 1380 AD) Danish Colonial Rule (1380 - 1945 AD ... The Republic of Iceland (1945 - present) Period of Settlement (870 - 930 AD) Iceland was settled by Norwegian Vikings, believed to have been fleeing the harsh rule of the Norwegian king, Haraldur Harfagri (the Fair-haired). The Vikings arrived from Scandinavia and Viking possessions in the British Isles, bringing a substantial portion of Celts with them. The initial settlement is believed to have occurred during the period 874 - 930 AD, even though the island had been settled by Irish monks before the arrival of the Vikings. Little is known about the monks except that they moved away when the Vikings started to arrive. The Icelandic Free-State (930 - 1262) Top The third event was the composition of the sagas, which include some of the great works of the classical literature of the Middle Ages. Beginning with heroic poetry that depicted the lives of warriors, heroes, and Gods, the sagas eventually turned to a more realistic, nonetheless dramatic, theme, telling grand stories about the early period of settlement, romance, family feuds, kings and history. Many of these national treasures are still preserved. Union with Norway Norwegian rule (1262 - 1380) Top After the prosperous period of independence, a period of steady decline followed. Internal feuds and unrest started to undermine the peace and stability that had lasted for more than three centuries. What had once been a country of law and order, was brought down to its knees by greed, hate, and vengeance. Seizing a window of opportunity during a civil war in the early 1260s, the Norwegian king promptly forced Iceland into a monarchical union, which was nothing more than the surrender of the freedom of self-determination and a national submission to the Norwegian crown.

64. Information About Iceland among other things, a trade monopoly with iceland, and volcanic eruptions, the greatestof which in the recorded history of mankind occurred in iceland in 1783 http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/ulfar/Iceland.html

The Republic of Iceland Please Note: This page is no longer being maintained. It was originally put up because there was no information on Iceland available on the Web. Shortly after things changed dramatically, so this page degenerated into a collection of links and had become far inferior to most other general Iceland sites, such as iceland.org , and Virtually Virtual Iceland . I'm leaving the brief history below, since this may still be of some interest to somebody. A Brief History Because of their flight from oppression the Icelandic settlers did not form any central government for their new country. They instead relied on a group of equally powerful lords, the so-called s. s made a pact with the Norwegian king, that gave the king limited influence in exchange for his support. This was the end of Iceland's early independance and the beginning of nearly seven centuries of foreign control. Iceland was to begin with under the Norwegian king, then later on, because of wars and coalitions in Scandinavia, in 1381 it fell under the Danish king. Under the rule of the Danish monarchy, Iceland suffered greatly. In the year 1550 Iceland was forced to disown Catholisism, which had been its Christian faith, and adopt Lutheranism, which, being a state religion, gave the Danish monarch greater power. Due to poor harvests, epidemics, the oppression of the Danish government, which enforced, among other things, a trade monopoly with Iceland, and volcanic eruptions, the greatest of which in the recorded history of mankind occurred in Iceland in 1783, the population of Iceland in the year 1800 was only 38000, half of what it was in the year 1100.

65. History - Síminn.is Telephone in iceland Historical points. Isolation Ended - 1906 The year1906 marked a milestone in iceland's history of telecommunications. http://www.siminn.is/control/index?pid=6770

66. The EFTA Secretariat: Brief History Of Iceland EFTA at a glance The EFTA States Brief history of iceland Brief history of iceland. Theeighteenth century marked the most tragic age in iceland's history. http://secretariat.efta.int/Web/EFTAAtAGlance/EFTAAtAGlance/TheEFTAStates/BriefH

EFTA AT A GLANCE EFTA CONVENTION EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA EXTERNAL RELATIONS ... Links Name Password Register! EFTA at a glance The EFTA States Brief History of Iceland Brief History of Iceland The first people known to have inhabited Iceland were Irish monks who settled there in the eight century, but left with the arrival of the pagan Norsemen, who systematically settled Iceland in the period 870-930 AD. Iceland was thus the last European country to be settled. The main source of information about the settlement period in Iceland is the Landnamabok (Book of Settlements), written in the 12th century, which gives a detailed account of the first settlers. According to this book Ingolfur Arnarson was the first settler. He was a chieftain from Norway, arriving in Iceland with his family and dependents in 874. He built his farm in Reykjavik, the site of the present capital. During the next 60 years or so Viking settlers from Scandinavia, bringing some Celtic people with them, spread their homesteads over the habitable areas. In the year 930, at the end of the Settlement period, a constitutional law code was accepted and the Althingi established. The judicial power of the Althingi was distributed between 4 local courts and a Supreme Court of sorts was conducted annually at the national assembly at Thingvellir.

67. The EFTA Secretariat: Brief History Of Iceland Brief history of iceland. The first people The eighteenth centurymarked the most tragic age in iceland's history. In 1703, when http://secretariat.efta.int/Web/EFTAAtAGlance/EFTAAtAGlance/TheEFTAStates/BriefH

68. "For Sale: Iceland's Genetic History" By Oksana Hlodan genomics genetic information and privacy For Sale iceland's GeneticHistory By Oksana Hlodan An actionbioscience.org original article. http://www.actionbioscience.org/genomic/hlodan.html

home search email this page updates signup ... education author bio Oksana Hlodan has authored over 40 educational publications, including science and mathematics books, and written/produced programming for public television. She is project director for ... genomics: genetic information and privacy For Sale: Iceland's Genetic History By Oksana Hlodan An actionbioscience.org original article article highlights A biotechnology company is compiling a medical database of Iceland's citizens. Opposition claims that this may lead to: violations of medical and personal privacy medical stereotyping of individuals, families, or the entire population

69. BBC News | SCI/TECH | Iceland Exploits Its Genetic History Friday, 4 February, 2000, 1303 GMT iceland exploits its genetic history Gene pooliceland's latest natural resource is its people By the BBC's Catherine http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_630000/630961.stm

low graphics version feedback help You are in: Sci/Tech Front Page World UK ... AudioVideo The BBC's Pallab Ghosh reports "Many doctors are furious" real Friday, 4 February, 2000, 13:03 GMT Iceland exploits its genetic history Gene pool: Iceland's latest natural resource is its people By the BBC's Catherine Goldwater in Iceland Land of volcanoes and glaciers, Iceland now has another claim to fame - the people who live there are about to take part in an extraordinary genetic experiment. The interests of the company are being put first in order to make money Einar Arnason, Professor of Genetics It has never been done before and no-one really knows how successful it will be, but it has already divided the country and now the whole world is watching and waiting. The Icelandic Government has given a licence to a US-funded corporation to set up a genetic catalogue using the medical records on each and everyone of the country's 270,000 citizens. The information will be stored in a single, computerised database. The information is valuable because Iceland is probably the most homogeneous society in the world. There has been little immigration since the first Vikings arrived almost 1000 years ago. Icelanders are passionate about their unique identity and very many of them have traced their family trees.

70. Books About The History And Culture In Iceland. Books that focus mainly on the history and culture of iceland. Alsobooks about the life in modern iceland, for example the system http://www.randburg.com/is/mm/history.html

Search Randburg - Search Iceland Books about Iceland: Photobooks of the Nature Geological books Geysers and Hot Springs Icelandic flora and fauna ... Whales around Iceland History and culture of Iceland Dialogues with the Viking Age Sagas of the Icelanders Reykjavík the Capital City Cooking Icelandic Food ... think about this site? 100% Secure Transaction! Quick Delivery - Worldwide! High Days and Holidays A lively and informative book that provides a fascinating insight into Iceland culture and daily life, past and present. In English Iceland from Past to Present A detailed survey of Iceland throughout the ages, mainly focusing on the history and culture of Iceland in the broadest sense. In German. Thingvellir Iceland's National Shrine The history of the Althing, with a brief account of how this marvel of nature was formed and reformed through volcanic activity before and since the settlement fo Iceland. Althing At Thingvellir A book about Althing, one of the oldest parliments in the world. In English, French, German, Swedish and Icelandic.

71. History Of Iceland. Books On The History Of Iceland. Plannig a trip to iceland? Get to learn it's history first! history.jpg historyof iceland A book with the whole history of the icelandic nation. http://www.randburg.com/is/vaka/history.html

Books about Iceland: Iceland´s Nature Geological books Photo Album Series Icelandic horses ... Saga Series History Capital city Reykjavik Icelandic Gourmet Miscellaneous Service ... think about this site? 100% Secure Transaction! Quick Delivery - Worldwide! History of Iceland A book with the whole history of the Icelandic nation. In English, Danish and German. Birth of a Nation A history of Iceland from the settlement until the end of the Old Commonwealth in 1262. In English. Milestones in Icelandic History Some of the most dramatic events in the story of Iceland's past are related and wittingly illustrated. In English. The Viking Discovery of America The story of the Nordic discovery of America, based on original historical sources. In English. OTHER CATEGORIES IN THE ICELANDIC SHOPPING CENTER Woolen Goods Hand made Viking Jewelry Calendars and Playing Cards Maps of Iceland ... What's New

72. A Brief History Of Iceland A Brief history of iceland The First Settlers. The disasters. The eighteenthcentury marked the most tragic age in iceland's history. http://rhodesian.server101.com/a_brief_history_of_iceland.htm

NAVIGATION RHODESIA ZIMBABWE ICELAND A Brief History of Iceland The First Settlers The first people said to have inhabited Iceland were Irish monks who settled there during the 8 th century, but they left with the arrival of the pagan Norsemen, who then settled in various parts of Iceland during the period 870-930 AD. Iceland was in fact the last European country to be settled, having no native population prior to the arrival of the Irish monks and the Norsemen. The main source of information regarding the settlement period in Iceland is the Landnamabok (Book of Settlements), written in the 12th century, which gives a detailed account of the first settlers. According to this book Ingolfur Arnarson was the first settler. He was a chieftain from Norway, arriving in Iceland with his family and dependents in 874. He built his farm in Reykjavik, the site of the present capital. While there is some argument as to the motives of the first widespread Nordic settlement, convention holds that the Norsemen were fleeing the tyranny of King Harald the Fairhaired, who was uniting the whole of Norway under his command at the time, and who had driven them from their ancestral lands in southern Norway. The rest of the settlers came from the British Isles, mainly Scotland. The core of the settlers were Nordic people who had been raiding and living in the Celtic world until King Harald the Fairhaired extended his dominions and drove them out with all of their freemen and slaves. Most of these slaves were of Celtic origin, and contributed their genetic inheritence to the modern Icelanders, which can be seen to this day.

73. Fiske Icelandic Collection Cartographic materials (Gclass) 4/3 Law- Foreign law (K-class) 2Y/0 iceland- historyof education (L-class) 4/4W iceland- Constitutional history (J-class) 4 http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/cdicelandic.html

Fiske Icelandic Collection As one of the three largest repositories of Old Norse and Icelandic materials in the world and the largest in the Americas, the Fiske Icelandic Collection meets the needs of local and international scholarly communities. The composition of these scholarly communities has remained substantially the same over the years. University professors and scholars affiliated with research institutions are foremost among patrons, followed by graduate students, undergraduate students and finally by lay people, including visitors from Iceland. The collection circulates in the neighborhood of 400 out of its more than 37,000 volumes per annum, a higher average than that of the Olin stacks. These circulations include items paged from the non-circulating part of the collection for use in the reading room of the Rare and Manuscript Collections. Communication with clientele for reference purposes has endeavored to keep pace with contemporary technology, especially the Internet. Collection Analysis Cartographic materials (G-class) 4/3 Law- Foreign law (K-class) 2Y/0 Iceland- History of education (L-class) 4/4W Iceland- Constitutional history (J-class) 4/4W Iceland- Left-wing politics (multi-class) 4/4W Iceland- Social history (multi-class) 4/4W Iceland- Economic history (H-class) 4/4W Iceland- History auxiliaries (multi-class) 4/4W Iceland- History of religion (B-class) 4/4W North European history- Iceland (DL-class) 4/4W North European history- Iceland- Law history(DL-class) 4/4W

74. 1Up Travel > History And Culture Of Iceland. iceland Explore the history and Culture of iceland. Some Irish monksmay have reached iceland before AD 800, but it remained largely http://www.1uptravel.com/international/europe/iceland/history-culture.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... Travel Reservations and Bookings More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Search 1Up Travel You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Europe Iceland ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography History-Culture Local Life ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Sight Seeing Maps Shopping ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Country Guide Detailed Maps Hotel Database Country Flag ... Travel Warning History Some Irish monks may have reached Iceland before AD 800, but it remained largely unsettled until about 870. Norwegian Viking Ingólfur Arnarson is traditionally considered the first permanent settler; he established his farm at Reykjavík, now the capital. During the next 60 years, other settlers flocked to the island from the Scandinavian countries and the British Isles. In 930 a central organization for the whole island was superimposed on the already existent regional polities in the form of a general legislature called the Althing. Acknowledgements: ASIATRAVELMART.COM

75. History Of Iceland The history of iceland The first people known The eighteenth century markedthe most tragic age in iceland's history. In 1703, when the http://www.rcsd.k12.ms.us/~web08/bhs_main/teachers/WEB_JHOLLIS/icelandhistory.ht

The History of Iceland The first people known to have inhabited Iceland were Irish monks who settled there in the eight century but left with the arrival of the pagan Norsemen, who systematically settled Iceland between 870 and 930 AD. Iceland, which today is part of Europe, was the last European country to be settled. The main source of information about the settlement period in Iceland is the Landnamabok (Book of Settlements), written in the 12th century, which gives a detailed account of the first settlers. According to this book Ingolfur Arnarson was the first settler. He was a chieftain from Norway, arriving in Iceland with his family and dependents in 874. He built his farm in Reykjavik, the site of the present capital. During the next 60 years or so Viking settlers from Scandinavia, bringing some Celtic people with them, spread their homesteads over the habitable areas. In the year 930, at the end of the Settlement period, a consti- tutional law code was accepted and the Althingi established. The Althingi was a combination of Thingis or groups in Iceland. Each Thingi sent representatives to the annual meeting of all groups, and the meeting was called the Althingi. The judicial power of the Althingi was distributed between 4 local courts and a Supreme Court of sorts was conducted annually at the national assembly at Thingvellir. Today, Thingvellir stands as a national monument in Iceland.

76. Iceland Naturalist Natural History Holidays Logo. iceland Naturalist. natural history holidays. http://www.iceland-direct.com/

Iceland Naturalist natural history holidays Home Wildlife Countryside Educational ... Links Solar eclipse : on 31 May an annular eclipse will be visible in Iceland. Interested? Iceland Naturalist's Website Iceland Naturalist is a registered and fully licensed Icelandic travel company. We organise and run small group tours that show our clients the best of Iceland's dramatic landscapes and wildlife. With more than 17 years' experience in this field we justly claim to be a leading Icelandic natural history tour operator. We provide services for specialist travel agencies, and devise, plan and organise travel arrangements for visiting naturalists in Iceland. We specialise in running: Natural history tours Landscape, geology and volcano tours Photographic tours Educational visits Specialist visits, for example aurora borealis tours We do not provide general tourist services in Iceland, nor organise tours outside our areas of expertise. We look forward to welcoming you to Iceland Iceland Naturalist

77. Iceland - Flag History This page is part of © FOTW Flags Of The World website iceland Flag history. http://www.fotw.ca/flags/is-hist.html

Iceland - Flag History Last modified: by edward mooney jr. Keywords: iceland island europe cross ... scandinavian cross Links: FOTW homepage search write us mirrors by Edward Mooney, Jr. From 1350 to 1896 Alternate proposal of 1914 The flag of 1915 The arms of 1919 From 1350 to 1896 From about 1350 Iceland's arms were on a red field a silver stockfish (a split and dried cod) with a golden crown. These arms were incorporated into the arms of the Kings of Denmark, and so were a part of the Danish Royal standard until this century. Incidentally, it was also part of several Greek royal flags, since the Greek royal family was related to that of Denmark. As Iceland went with Norway in union with Denmark, the Danish flag was used also in Iceland. In 1897 an unofficial flag with a white cross on a blue field was made, and this became popular it seems, at least until the current flag was introduced in 1915. Though it was a Scandinavian cross flag, it was too similar to the Greek flag, and did not meet with official approval. Jan Oskar Engene In 1897 the poet Einar Bendiktsson proposed arms and flag for Iceland. In an article printed in the newspaper Dagskra on the 13th of March, 1897, Einar Bendiktsson proposed to do away with the crowned stockfish as arms of Iceland. He wanted to have a silver falcon on blue instead. Einar Bendiktsson wanted the flag to be based on the colours of the arms, so that the flag of Iceland was to be a blue field with a white Nordic cross.

78. Browsing Society History By Region Europe Iceland Category Browse Society history By Region Europe iceland Embassy of iceland historyof iceland Provides highlights of the history and culture of the land. http://www.uksprite.com/search/search/Society/History/By_Region/Europe/Iceland/

79. Iceland On The Web: Arts And Culture : History Beauty About the settlement of iceland, literature, religion and iceland's nature 2001Hits 216 Rating 7.00 Votes 4) Rate It icelandic history Resources on http://iceland.vefur.is/Arts_and_Culture/History/

Visit our sponsor Search: Results: Keywords: Phrases: AND: OR: Top Arts and Culture : History Categories: Individuals Nineteenth Century Twentieth Century Viking Era ... World War Two Links: Bakkabraedur - Collection of stories about the infamous trio. In Icelandic. (Added: 28-Apr-1999 Hits: 229 Rating: 1.00 Votes: 1) Rate It Det Arnamagnæanske Institut - Teaching and research institute within the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Copenhagen whose function is to further the study of the old manuscripts in the Arnamagnæan collection. (Added: 14-Feb-2001 Hits: 98 Rating: Votes: 0) Rate It Emigration from Iceland to North America - Electronic knowledge base for the benefit of Icelanders and people of Icelandic heritage world wide. (Added: 8-Oct-1998 Hits: 441 Rating: 6.20 Votes: 5) Rate It Fornleifastofnun Islands - Institute of Archaeology, a research institute in the field of archaeology and cultural history. (Added: 4-Jun-2002 Hits: 66 Rating: Votes: 0) Rate It gardur.is

80. US Naval Air Station, Keflavik, Iceland Culture Museums and Galleries Libraries Life in iceland Symphony and Theater history874 1986 1987 - 2002 icelandic history on the Web Weather Climate http://www.naskef.navy.mil/template5.asp?pageid=271

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