41. African Studies - Art And Archaeology africa Forum (Hafrica, H-Net Humanities and Social essays on 'indigenous sculptural arts of South africa', 'modern' sculpture of in the lives of african peoples. This project is http://www.columbia.edu/cu/libraries/indiv/area/Africa/AfArt.html

African Studies Internet Resources African Studies Email: africa @libraries.cul.columbia.edu African Studies Internet Resources home WWW Virtual Library ... Department home Art and Archaeology of Africa Adire African Textiles (Dr. Duncan Clarke, London, UK) A commercial site that contains useful information on the history and manufacturing techniques of adire cloth and other textiles of western Nigeria; plus links. Africa Forum (H-Africa, H-Net Humanities and Social Sciences OnLine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.) "Photography and colonial vision," by Paul S. Landau (May 19, 1999, Dept. of History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut) Excerpt from "The visual image in Africa: an introduction" in Images and empires: visuality in colonial and post-colonial Africa, ed. by Paul S. Landau and Deborah Kaspin. The full text article reprinted from History in Africa. 22 (1995): 369-408. H-Africa Africa Forum Home Page H-Africa Network Home Page Africa Reparations Movement (UK) Campaign for Return of the Benin Bronzes (via ARC Net Ltd., UK) "Africa's Iron and Copper Currencies: Suggested Reading" (Compiled by Columbia University Libraries.)

42. Africa. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 the Amhara, Mossi, Fulani, Yoruba, igbo, Kongo (see BC and 1500, Bantuspeaking peoplesbecame dominant and social organization of the indigenous population. http://www.bartleby.com/65/af/Africa.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Africa k KEY Geology and Geography Geologically, recent major earth disturbances have been confined to areas of NW and E Africa. Geologists have long noted the excellent fit (in shape and geology) between the coast of Africa at the Gulf of Guinea and the Brazilian coast of South America, and they have evidence that Africa formed the center of a large ancestral supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea began to break apart in the Jurassic period to form Gondwanaland, which included Africa, the other southern continents, and India. South America was separated from Africa c.76 million years ago, when the floor of the S Atlantic Ocean was opened up by seafloor spreading; Madagascar was separated from it c.65 million years ago; and Arabia was separated from it c.20 million years ago, when the Red Sea was formed. There is also evidence of one-time connections between NW Africa and E North America, N Africa and Europe, Madagascar and India, and SE Africa and Antarctica.

43. Workingpapers Terence Ranger Christianity and indigenous peoples A Personal of the past and indigenoustime concepts 1997) HarneitSievers, Axel igbo Community Histories http://www.baslerafrika.ch/workp_.html

Series : BAB Working Papers, ISSN: 1422-8769 bab@bluewin.ch 2002 Working Papers No 1 (2002) Saul Dubow: Earth history, natural history and prehistory at the Cape, No 2 (2002) : Conflict, Congregations and Community. African Christianity and the Idea of Chieftaincy in the Nineteenth-Century Eastern and Northern Transvaal No 3 (2002) Veit Arlt: Tradition as a Resource. Changing Forms of Political Legitimacy in the Krobo States (Southeastern Ghana) No 4 (2002) Terence Ranger: Christianity and Indigenous Peoples: A Personal Overview No 5 (2002) The Vatican vs. Lisbon. The Relaunching of the Catholic Church in Mozambique, ca. 1875-1940 No. 6 (2002) David Coplan: Land from the Ancestors: Popular religious re-appropriations along the South Africa-Lesotho border No. 7 (2002) Sarah Pugach : "He is the True Author of My Book": Carl Meinhof, Nicholas van Warmelo, and the Ordering of Africanist Knowledge, 1927-1935 2001 Working Papers No 1 (2001) Antonio Uribe :The Figure of the Returnee in the Hispanic African Novel No 2 (2001) Political Leaders, Heroes and Nation-Building in Namibia: Posters as Visual Communication and Historical Source

44. AllAfrica.com -- Nigeria: Igbo Govs Endorse Obasanjo As President Flags Off Camp philosophy to unite the country and uplift its peoples. He emphasised that the Igbohad agreed to He also acknowledged the fact that indigenous communities in http://allafrica.com/stories/200212110060.html

Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo-Brazzaville Congo-Kinshasa Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tomé and Principé Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Igbo Govs Endorse Obasanjo as President Flags Off Campaign in Enugu Email This Page Print This Page Visit The Publisher's Site Vanguard (Lagos) December 8, 2002 Posted to the web December 11, 2002 Onitsha INDICATION emerged yesterday that no fewer than four of the five governors in the South-East are behind President Olusegun Obasanjo's bid for the Peoples Democratic Party's (PDP) presidential ticket for the 2003 general elections notwithstanding the decision of Igbo leader and Second Republic Vice-President, Dr. Alex Ekwueme, to join the race for the ticket. Governor Chimaraoke Nnamani of Enugu State, who spoke on behalf of himself and his colleagues in Anambra, Imo and Ebonyi states, at the Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium, Enugu where the president flagged off his re-election campaign, said they aligned with the thinking of many Nigerians that with Obasanjo in power, Nigeria had become great once again, and would continue to be great if Nigerians gave him the mandate to be president up to 2007. Ekwueme had, penultimate week, after several months of suspense, declared that he would seek the nomination of PDP for the presidency at the party's presidential primaries scheduled for January. Also in the race for PDP presidential ticket is Senator Ike Nwachukwu, another Igbo.

45. Anthropology 338-Peoples Of Africa ANTHROPOLOGY 338 peoples of africa Class Meets 215 Hatchet's Blood 5) Uchendu TheIgbo of Southeast the effects of colonialization on indigenous culture, the http://oncampus.richmond.edu/~jnourse/ANTHROPOLOGY 338--Peoples of Africa.html

ANTHROPOLOGY 338 Peoples of Africa Class Meets: 2:15-3:30 TR Professor: Dr. J.Nourse l09 Puryear Hall Office Hours: 2-4 M, 2-4 W Or By Appointment REQUIRED TEXTS: 1) Achebe Arrow of God 2) Bohannan and Curtin Africa and Africans 3) Bowen Return to Laughter 4) Schloss Hatchet's Blood 5) Uchendu The Igbo of Southeast Nigeria 6) Amadiume Male Daughter and Female Husbands: Gender 7) Photocopy Book and Sex in an African Culture COURSE DESCRIPTION: The goal of this course is to convey a sense of the cultural diversity of Africa, focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, while also highlighting cultural continuities. Because I have spent a year of anthropological fieldwork in the West African country of Guinea-Bissau, living among the Manjaco, much of our readings will focus on West Africa. We will focus on societies which participated in the transatlantic slave-trade and the impact of that trade on those societies. Students, however, will also be assigned to groups which will research and present material about Africans who live throughout the continent. What we will learn about the people of such societies and about the cultures that inform their world-views, we receive second-hand, largely through the writings of outsiders. In order to understand and make use of this material in the fullest possible sense, we must supply a cultural context for what motivated the creators of these written materials. Thus this course on African cultures is also, to a degree, a course on how certain, at times stereotyped, images of African culture cannot help but frame even the best of anthropological studies of African cultures. To highlight the deficiencies and strengths of such works, students will compare them to accounts written by African intellectuals.

46. SOSIG: Ethnographic Studies Of Peoples And Communities an anthropological history of indigenous discourse, by Browse this resource, igbo Traditional Rulers ; Chieftaincy and Religions of the FinnoUgrian peoples. http://www.sosig.ac.uk/roads/subject-listing/Europe/ethnostud.html

Ethnographic Studies of Peoples and Communities You are here : Home Ethnology, Ethnography, Anthropology > Ethnographic Studies of Peoples and Communities in Ethnology, Ethnography, Anthropology Conferences Courses Events ... Ethnology, Ethnography, Anthropology Search in whole catalogue current section Advanced Search Thesauri All subjects within Ethnology, Ethnography, Anthropology Ethnology, Ethnography, Anthropology > Ethnographic Studies of Peoples and Communities > None Region: World UK Expert's Choice in Ethnology, Ethnography, Anthropology Editor: Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing, Manchester University Library Internet Resources Listed Alphabetically Sort: by type For a short description click the title. To access the resource directly click 'The Yoruba Today' J.S. Eades 45 years in the Turkish Village 1949-1994;Paul Stirling's Ethnographic Data Archives African Anthropology/The African Anthropologist Agenda Asia ... 2003 SOSIG

47. Online Research Leaders, indigenous Nations Active, Home Pages, indigenous Nations of usuallyimposed their language onto the peoples they colonized The igbo Home Page a http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/eduweb/engl392/onlineres.html

O n l i n e R e s e a r c h This page now incorporates articles from course themes (found under Course Materials ), as well as student web research. Postcolonial Literature in English: An Overview of Science and Technology This site has interesting facts about the communications technology of countries like Bangladesh, Ghana, India, Zimbabwe etc. that can be compared to the technological situation we enjoy. http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/hypertext/landow/post/misc/science.html Come Into My Web: Literary Postcolonialism in the Information Technology Age by V. Carchidi The Virtual Spaces of Postcoloniality: Rushdie, Ondaatje, Naipaul, Bakhtin and the Others by Anthony R. Guneratne Evaluation of Language Diversity and the Internet. http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~ifix643/ "Selling Brooklyn Bridges in Cyberspac e." ... The Net and Net Citizens, by Michael Hauben. http://www.columbia.edu/~rh120/ch106.x01 "The Internet Hypertext and God: Text and God in the 'Net'" http://www.coc.com.au/LeFonque/essay/hyptxt.htm "How the Secondary Orality of the Electronic Age Can Awaken Us to the Primary Orality of Antiquity, or What Hypertext Can Teach Us About the Bible with Reflections on the Ethical and Political Issues of the Electronic Frontier." ... Lifelong Learning and Cultural Identity: Canada's Native People The Maori people are mentioned in this article for the purposes of comparison. It's relevant to our class because it deals with story-telling and langauge, and how these may be used to preserve/pass on culture.

48. Welcome To Adobe GoLive 6 September, 2002 Working Group for indigenous Minorities of in Southern africa Kalaharipeoples fund Mobility links) The Akan of Ghana igbo Social Organization http://www.uwc.ca/pearson/SOCANT/links.htm

LINKS ANTHROPOLOGY IN GENERAL What is Anthropology? What is Culture? Anthropology at the EMuseum (University of Minnesota) - good for biographies ... Introductory Anthropology Tutorials (University of Palomar) ACADEMIC SKILLS Web Links to Academic Skills - lots of good resources on writing essays,exams, referencing, etc. (Trent Unievrsity) AAA Style Guide (how to reference sources) Using and Acknowledging Sources in Essays (Mcmaster University) Centre for Student Development on-line booklets (McMaster University) ASSOCIATIONS/ORGANIZATIONS American Anthropological Association Centre for Indigenous Knowledge (South Africa) International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs Maasai Education Discovery ... Survival International CHIAPAS EZLN Global Exchange (the timeline is particularly useful) DOBE JU/'HOANSI Human Rights, Development, and the Peoples of the Central Kalahari Game Reserve, Botswana (AAA Report) The Kalahari Peoples Fund The Kalahari San: Self-Determination in the Desert (Cultural Survival Articles) Stories and Storage: ... Working Group for Indigenous Minorities of Southern Africa ECONOMICS/EXCHANGE/RECIPROCITY Too Many Bananas, Not Enough Pineapples, and No Watermelon at all. Three Object Lessons in Living with Reciprocity, by David Counts

49. Indigenous People In Society > Ethnicity Place names of minority languages, native peoples and nations without state, which Resourcesfor indigenous Cultures Around the World. Oha N’eze Ndiigbo. http://ilectric.com/browse/web/Society/Ethnicity/Indigenous_People/

Metasearch Directory News Multi-Search ... Login/Out Choose a Search Metasearch - The Web Metasearch - This Site Metasearch - News Metasearch - Auctions Metasearch - Forums Metasearch - Images Metasearch - MP3s Metasearch - Code Metasearch - Shopping Directory - Within This Category Only Directory - Entire Directory - Adult Directory - Arts Directory - Business Directory - Computers Directory - Games Directory - Health Directory - Home Directory - News Directory - Recreation Directory - Reference Directory - Regional Directory - Science Directory - Shopping Directory - Society Directory - Sports Directory - World Shopping - All products Shopping - Books Shopping - Electronics Shopping - Popular music Shopping - Classical music Shopping - DVD's Shopping - VHS Videos Shopping - In Theaters Shopping - Toys Shopping - Computer Hardware Shopping - Software Shopping - Magazines Shopping - Photo Shopping - Garden / Outdoor Living Shopping - Baby Shopping - Kitchen Lookup - Domain in Whois Lookup - Domain Availability Lookup - HTTP Source Lookup - DNS Record W eb Directory Categories Related Sponsored Sites Sites ... Ethnicity Indigenous People Books See all 582 results in Books...

50. Fourth World Bulletin, Spring/Summer 1996 strengthening ethnic solidarity among Ogoni, igbo, Ijaw, or other communities orpeoples that had based on precolonial indigenous identities, competition http://carbon.cudenver.edu/fwc/Issue10/Africa/ogoni-2.html

A FRICA Nation-building and Post-colonial Dilemmas in Africa Post-colonial nation-building patterns vary across Africa, due in some large part to the fact that Europeans practiced several forms of colonialism, and each left its own particular legacy. The most important paradoxical legacy of the British style of colonialism was that it called into being a "national" consciousness shaped by the international boundaries of European domination of the "Nigerian" or "Ghanaian" or "Kenyan" (etc.) colonies, while the colonial practice of "indirect rule" concomitantly resulted in strengthening "ethnic" solidarity among Ogoni, Igbo, Ijaw, or other communities or peoples that had had no previous motivation or means to unify. (The French and other Latin colonies were notably different in this latter effect).6 PREVIOUS PAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS NEXT PAGE Created by Aigis Communications, Ltd

51. Fourth World Bulletin, Spring/Summer 1996 The delegation was led by an igbo Nigerian Army Shell Petroleum to exploit and degradeindigenous peoples' lands in Nigeria, or elsewhere in africa, or in http://carbon.cudenver.edu/fwc/Issue10/Africa/ogoni-6.html

A FRICA Aftermath of the Executions and the Ogoni Future Saro-Wiwa, since his execution, has been the subject of two main arguments; the first concerns his role as an environmentalist, and the second his role as a human rights victim. Both arguments are persuasive as well as relevant, and the influence of Greenpeace, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, UNPO and other "progressive" NGOs is reflected in the degree to which many people have finally caught on to issues that have existed in Nigeria for thirty-five years. Clearly, if it had not been for Ken Saro-Wiwa, the world would likely never have heard of the Ogoni people or any of their several struggles. It is Saro-Wiwa's role as a proponent of indigenous ideology that has gone understated, and the questions that spring from that ideology must sooner or later be addressed by all of those who protest his execution. After all, even if an oil embargo were imposed, and it succeeded in toppling Abacha, there would no doubt be another similar Nigerian regime in the aftermath. Given that the fundamental conditions of the artificial African state would continue, the need for strongarm measures to ensure "national security" and "territorial integrity" would also continue. The need to fund the succeeding regime with the only major source of income available would also continue, which would seem to necessitate a continuation of the petroleum industry led by Shell, with all of its environmentally destructive potential. In other words, bringing down Abacha probably will make little difference for the Ogoni.

52. Religions Of The World -- African Background information and links.Category Society Religion and Spirituality African...... Buganda's indigenous Religion A southern Ungandan Tradition, ozric of Zimbabwe TheShona Ndebele peoples, www.stg igbo Religion in Nigeria Diffused Monotheism, www http://members.aol.com/porchfour/religion/african.htm

Interfaith Religion and Beliefs for an Internet Generation PORCH NUS The E-Zine of The Front Porch Religions of the World African Religions and Their Derivatives African and African-Derivative Religions are a large group of beliefs and practices based upon ancient indigenous faiths of sub-Saharan African peoples. Within the last 100 years in Africa (see Table of Statistics ) indigenous religion has declined under the influence of colonialism, Western acculturation and proselytizing by Islam and Christianity. In the African Diaspora (mainly in the Americas) African-derived belief systems are in a state of impressive growth. ithin just the last two years the amount of information made available through the Internet is also impressive. Some of the best information comes to us from Italy, Sweden and Brazil. We are no longer dependent upon reports from academia or encyclopedias. There are now numerous websites maintained by the faithful themselves and, while the quality and quantity of information varies enormously among them, one may now hear from practitioners their own statements of faith. In many, if not most, cases African spirituality has evolved in the Americas. Ancient practices brought westward by slaves became syncretized, more or less, with religious traditions of the slaves' masters. This syncretization is most noticeable in areas dominated by the Catholic faith and where the celebration of saints, votive offerings and other practices found parallels in ancient traditions.

53. Met Timeline | Guinea Coast, 1400-1600 A.D. Islamic visual motifs and later indigenous Akan aesthetics. campaigns against theYoruba and igbo increase the migration of the Fulani peoples to Hausaland http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/08/sfg/ht08sfg.htm

See also Central Africa Eastern and Southern Africa and Western and Central Sudan The increase in size, centralization, and prosperity of the Owo and Benin kingdoms during this period is partially the result of their participation in trans-Saharan trade routes and trade with the Portuguese . Artistic production responds to refinements in metallurgic technologies and an intensified use of symbolic and ritualistic emblems of kingship. Artists of the Guinea coast are influenced aesthetically through contact with Islamic traders and the Portuguese, who often directly commission the carving of ivory objects. Additionally, the Akan (in what is now Ghana) develop an elaborate system of cast brass gold weights to measure the precious gold dust being traded to North Africa and then to Europe; the design of these gold weights is heavily influenced first by abstract Islamic visual motifs and later indigenous Akan aesthetics. The royal court of Benin is believed to have originated in the thirteenth century. According to Edo oral tradition, the kingdom was governed by the thirty-one "Rulers of the Sky," or Ogiso kings. The Ada ceremonial sword, which in contemporary Benin court ritual remains an important emblem of kingship, is believed to date to this period. Eweka I, who may have been from the neighboring Yoruba dynasty, is the first Benin oba (king), succeeding the Ogiso kings around 1300. Eweka's authority is undermined by conflict with autochthonous chiefs. Oba Ewedo of the kingdom of Benin reorganizes the

54. Fine Arts Museums Of San Francisco: EXHIBITION SALUTES IMPORTANT GIFT OF AFRICAN astonishing range of sculptural styles indigenous to West style of mask common tothe region's peoples. An ornithomorphic mask from the igbo peoples of Nigeria http://www.thinker.org/press/press.asp?presskey=13

55. Foreign Policy In Focus - Self-Determination - Regional Overview - Africa their own purposes and typically divide indigenous cultural communities is reversed,since the coastal peoples are Muslim of the elite of the igbo (Ibo) ethnic http://www.selfdetermine.org/regions/africa_body.html

Self-Determination Issues Overviews x Overview of Self-Determination Issues in Africa By Thomas Turner africa.pdf Africa includes a large number of states, most of them "artificial" in that they result from colonial partition. The boundaries of these states generally were drawn by the Europeans to suit their own purposes and typically divide indigenous cultural communities. Even "traditional," (precolonial states) underwent major surgery at the hands of Europe. Morocco lost huge chunks of territory to the French in Algeria and to the Spanish in Western Sahara. In contrast, Rwanda nearly doubled its size under German and Belgian rule. Most of Africa's states are weak, in terms of their relations with domestic society and external threats. A few have collapsednotably Somalia, Sierra Leone, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Conflict is widespread. A number of African governments face major insurgencies (Angola, Sudan, Burundi), sometimes coupled with foreign intervention (DR Congo again). However, despite the weakness of today's African states and the arbitrariness of their borders, the African state system generally has been accepted by the leaders and the populations of the continent. While the number of ethno-cultural conflicts is quite high, cases of outright irredentism and secessionism are rather rare.

56. Africa A-F dynamic equivalence, igbo people, Lambeth africa, africanization, anthropological,autonomous churches implementation, independent, indigenous, leadership http://www.fuller.edu/swm/abstracts/africa.html

BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" LINK="#00319C" ALINK="#5A8CD4" VLINK="#5A96BB"> SWM Home 30 Years of Mission Abstracts Africa Faculty Introduction How to use this volume Search Our Site Author: Addai, Joseph William Degree: Ph.D. ICS Title: Metaphors, Values, and Ethno-leadership: A Missiological Study with Implications for Christian Leaders in Ghana. (U.M. 9925349) 301 pp. Abstract This missiological research examines the problem of developing functional leadership in Ghana, Africa. The premise is that leadership values of any identifiable culture are reflected by their everyday metaphors, and than an understanding of those values is crucial to effective leadership in that context. Key Words African, Ashanti, Akan, biblical leadership, Ghana, Ghanaian, leader, leadership, culture context, world view, tradition, effective leadership, ethno-leadership, ethno-values, functional leadership, holistic leadership, leadership situations, African proverbs, symbols, stools, metaphor, assumptions, English influence, images Author: Adekeye, George Niyi

57. < < E - N I G E R I A . I N F O > > nonMuslim parts of the north, indigenous peoples produced their as the Ijo, Ibibio,and igbo nationalities of material for Black and African peoples all over http://www.e-nigeria.info/social.htm

-Quick Search- Activities Tour Operators Hotels Introduction Useful Tips Maps Currency Safety Health Climate Time Zones Getting There Social Life What To Bring Business History Attractions Events People Beaches Useful Info Fact file History Insurance Environment Sports Beaches Fishing Museums Historical Sites National Parks Cities Gorilla Trails Contact Us Useful Links Advertise Privacy Policy Main Page Links Contact Us Advertise Privacy Policy ... Historical Sites Destinations- Kainji Lake National Park Yankari National Park Kano Abuja Gashaka Gunti Nat.Park Cross-River Nat.Park Port Harcourt Okhomu Nat.Park

58. Sacred Earth - Article Directory point that for many groups, such as indigenous peoples of North indigenous postpartemmaternal and child health care practices among the igbo of Nigeria http://www.sacredearth.com/articles/articles_directory.htm

59. Adherents.com major tenets are shared by all igbospeaking people than 120 organisations of theindigenous peoples of the Web page africa Mennonite Brethren in Christ http://www.adherents.com/Na_314.html

Adherents.com 42,669 adherent statistic citations : membership and geography data for 4,000+ religions, churches, tribes, etc. Index back to IFCA International, West Virginia IFCA International, continued... Group Where Number of Adherents % of total pop. Number of congreg./ churches/ units Number of countries Year Source Quote/ Notes IFCA International West Virginia unit *LINK* official web site. Viewed circa Sept. 1998. Counted listings on directory IFCA International Wisconsin units Glenmary Research Center. IFCA International Wisconsin units *LINK* official web site. Viewed circa Sept. 1998. Counted listings on directory IFCA International world units country *LINK* official web site. Viewed circa Sept. 1998. Counted listings on directory. At the time, name probably listed as "Independent Fundamental Churches International " Ifugao Philippines Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions . San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions , 1981; pg. 710. "The Ifugaos of the highlands of Luzon have similar ideas: they posit the existence of five realms, the known world of humans being contrasted with a skyworld and an underworld and with a region downstream and one upstream... In marked contrast to this limited pantheon among the Semang, the Ifugaos, a horticultural people living in the mountains of Luzon, recognize some forty classes of different types of divinities. Perhaps as many as fifteen hundred different named supernatural beings have been identified for the Ifugaos, although not all beings are recognized in a single Ifugao community. "

60. Adherents.com: By Location Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10 The Ibo are among the most literatepeoples in africa igbo, Nigeria, , -, -, 1 country, 1995, Haskins, J. From Afar to http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_245.html

Adherents.com - Religion by Location Over 42,000 religious geography and religion statistics citations (membership statistics for over 4,000 different religions, denominations, tribes, etc.) for every country in the world. To Index back to Niger, Tubu Niger, continued... Group Where Number of Adherents % of total pop. Number of congreg./ churches/ units Number of countries Year Source Quote/ Notes Aetherius Society Nigeria units *LINK* official organization web site directory of branches and groups African indigenous churches Nigeria 1997 Britannica Book of the Year . Pg. 781-783. Table; listed as "African Christian " African indigenous churches Nigeria *LINK* Atansuyi, H. Olu. "Gospel and Culture from the Perspective of African Instituted Churches " in Cyberjournal for Pentecostal Charismatic Research (viewed 11 March 1999). "Barely a century ago, African Instituted Churches, a sacred people of God, came to bear witness of the Light, that, through them, people of their race might believe. In Nigeria, these African Instituted Churches are: Cherubim and Seraphim, founded by St. Moses Orimolade Tunolase; Church of the Lord (Aladura), founded by Primate Dr. Josiah Olunowo Oshitelu; Christ Apostolic Church, founded by Pastor/Prophet Joseph Ayo Babalola; Celestial Church of Christ, founded by Revd/Pastor Samuel B.J. Oshofa. " African indigenous churches Nigeria Gall, Timothy L. (ed).

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