21. Roleplaying.html because there is more of a tradition in africa of group (139) Are there men in ijo? preservationtwoissues of deep concern among indigenous peoples worldwide http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~emiller/roleplaying_paper.html

Go to Eric Miller's homepage submitted by Eric Miller in Dec. 1998       for the course, African Folklore, at the University of Pennsylvania.    (This paper is approximately 30 pages.)    Roleplaying in  an African Storytelling Event Eugene O'Neill [1888-1953] spoke freely of his hopes and dreams for a new kind of American theater, one in which the audience might participate more vitally and fully.  He hoped someday to write plays in which the audience could  share as a congregation shares in the music and ritual of a church service.  "There must be some way that this can be brought about," wrote O'Neill.  "As it  is now, there is a too cold and cut division between the stage and the  auditorium.  The whole environment stage and the auditorium, actors and  spectators should be emotionally charged.  This can only happen when the  audience actively participates in what is being said, seen, and done.  But how?  That is the problem.  Still, there must be a way."1 This paper looks at one particular epic storytelling event: a performance of the Ozidi saga.2 This performance was given over the course of seven nights (approximately three hours each session) in Ibidan in 1963.  The Ozidi saga was traditionally performed in an annual festival, but this practice was disappearing, so the scholar J. P. Clark sought out the performers and audience members and helped to organize the performance.  There was a large Ijo-speaking community in Ibidan, which is a few hundred miles from the Niger delta of Nigeria, the location in which the tradition arose.  J. P. Clark asked Madam Yakubu of Inekorogha to gather the people and host the event.  The storyteller was Okabou of Sama.  J. P. Clark's book

22. Useful Websites Slavery, and War Against indigenous peoples of Southern Yoruba Religion and Myth;ijo Orunmila ((Yoruba Traditional Igbo Religion; Buganda's indigenous Religion; http://homepages.isunet.net/dafarnham/africa/useful.htm

Useful Websites on Africa Contents African News Sources African Studies General Resources Individual Cultures ... Southern Africa African News Sources Contents Focus On Africa: BBC World Service Africa Daily CNN African News ... Africa-Confidential African Studies Contents General Resources Contents African Studies at the University of Pennsylvania Africa South of the Sahara: Stanford University UCLA Library Collections and Internet Resources in: African Studies ... Wajibu (Journal of African Custom and Tradition) Individual Cultures Contents Okavango Delta Peoples of Botswana Samburu (Kenya) Multimedia Ethnography !Kung San Page (Lawrence University, WI) ... Hadza Bibliography Social Organization Contents Sex, Marriage, and Family Contents Order of the Homestead and its Boundaries: The Duruma (Kenya) Concept of Homestead and Sexuality Niger Student Writing on Marriage, part 1 Niger Student Writing on Marriage, part 2 ... Azande: Childhood and Sexuality Kinship and Descent Contents Descent, Clans and Territorial Organization in the Tikar Chiefdom of Ngambe, Cameroon (David Price

23. THE LITERARY DIMENSION OF THE SPREAD OF ENGLISH: CREATIVITY IN A SECOND TONGUE the Angloculture and/or power dominates indigenous peoples, eg the in New Zealandand the Zulus in South africa. to come how to put Tamil or ijo or Teochew http://www.nus.edu.sg/NUSinfo/CFA/Prof's/doc/23.html

GURT Paper 1987 - Language Spread and Language Policy: Issues, Implications, and Case Studies. Ed. Peter H. Lowenberg. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1987: 361-401. THE LITERARY DIMENSION OF THE SPREAD OF ENGLISH: CREATIVITY IN A SECOND TONGUE Edwin Thumboo National University of Singapore My approach to the topic may initially seem unduly removed from essentials. The reason derives from the general thrust marking discussions of the literatures which developed upon the spread of English. They have tended to short-circuit the critical process by applying without reconsideration the theories, assumptions, and practices formed within and for mother-tongue bases, as if new literatures were fully part of the same literary continuum. There are grounds - presently adduced - to question seriously the appropriateness of this first, undisclosed assumption. And the manifold grounds will be apparent (at least the chief ones) as frame and context are sketched. The complex background to the new literatures is manifest in the following divisions of the third movement into nations with: long and elaborate written and oral literary traditions, e.g. India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia;

24. Tribes Of The Niger in the early 19th century, established kingdoms by the conquest of indigenous peoples. IBIBIO a cluster of BenueCongo-speaking peoples of south ijo a Kwa http://schools.4j.lane.edu/spencerbutte/StudentProjects/Rivers/tribe.html

Tribes of the Niger River BAMBARA : a Mande-speaking people of Mali. Today sedentary farmers, they are divided inti many small chiefdoms, and known for their elaborate cosmology and religion. Earlier they had founded two important states at Seguo, on the Niger. Population 1.2 million. EDO : a Kwa-speaking people of southern Nigeria, the population of the kingdom of Benin; whose political and religious ruler, the , lives in Benin City. The ruling dynasty is historically closely linked with the Yoruba. They are famed for they carving, metal-casting and other arts. Population 1.3 million. FULANI ( FULBE, PEUL) : a people speaking a West Atlantic language, dispersed across the Sahel zone of West Africa from Senegal to Cameroon. They are predominantly Muslim, and coprise both transhumant cattle keepers and also sedentaery agricultural groups. Both are typically minority elements living among other peoples. The pastoralist groups are egalitarian, the sedentary ones having chiefs in some areas, such as northern Nigeria, where they overthrew the Hausa rulers of existing states in the early 19th century, established kingdoms by the conquest of indigenous peoples. population 7 million HAUSA : a Chadic-speaking people of Nigeria and Niger. They are intensive farmers

25. African Studies - Art And Archaeology africa Forum (Hafrica, H-Net Humanities and Social essays on 'indigenous sculptural arts of South africa', 'modern' sculpture of in the lives of african peoples. This project is http://www.columbia.edu/cu/libraries/indiv/area/Africa/AfArt.html

African Studies Internet Resources African Studies Email: africa @libraries.cul.columbia.edu African Studies Internet Resources home WWW Virtual Library ... Department home Art and Archaeology of Africa Adire African Textiles (Dr. Duncan Clarke, London, UK) A commercial site that contains useful information on the history and manufacturing techniques of adire cloth and other textiles of western Nigeria; plus links. Africa Forum (H-Africa, H-Net Humanities and Social Sciences OnLine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.) "Photography and colonial vision," by Paul S. Landau (May 19, 1999, Dept. of History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut) Excerpt from "The visual image in Africa: an introduction" in Images and empires: visuality in colonial and post-colonial Africa, ed. by Paul S. Landau and Deborah Kaspin. The full text article reprinted from History in Africa. 22 (1995): 369-408. H-Africa Africa Forum Home Page H-Africa Network Home Page Africa Reparations Movement (UK) Campaign for Return of the Benin Bronzes (via ARC Net Ltd., UK) "Africa's Iron and Copper Currencies: Suggested Reading" (Compiled by Columbia University Libraries.)

26. Adherents.com: By Location Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10 91 The Ibo are among the most literatepeoples in africa ijo, Nigeria, 2,000,000, , -, -, 1998, Gall, Timothy L. (ed http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_245.html

Adherents.com - Religion by Location Over 42,000 religious geography and religion statistics citations (membership statistics for over 4,000 different religions, denominations, tribes, etc.) for every country in the world. To Index back to Niger, Tubu Niger, continued... Group Where Number of Adherents % of total pop. Number of congreg./ churches/ units Number of countries Year Source Quote/ Notes Aetherius Society Nigeria units *LINK* official organization web site directory of branches and groups African indigenous churches Nigeria 1997 Britannica Book of the Year . Pg. 781-783. Table; listed as "African Christian " African indigenous churches Nigeria *LINK* Atansuyi, H. Olu. "Gospel and Culture from the Perspective of African Instituted Churches " in Cyberjournal for Pentecostal Charismatic Research (viewed 11 March 1999). "Barely a century ago, African Instituted Churches, a sacred people of God, came to bear witness of the Light, that, through them, people of their race might believe. In Nigeria, these African Instituted Churches are: Cherubim and Seraphim, founded by St. Moses Orimolade Tunolase; Church of the Lord (Aladura), founded by Primate Dr. Josiah Olunowo Oshitelu; Christ Apostolic Church, founded by Pastor/Prophet Joseph Ayo Babalola; Celestial Church of Christ, founded by Revd/Pastor Samuel B.J. Oshofa. " African indigenous churches Nigeria Gall, Timothy L. (ed).

27. < < E - N I G E R I A . I N F O > > nonMuslim parts of the north, indigenous peoples produced their are from culturessuch as the ijo, Ibibio, and material for Black and African peoples all over http://www.e-nigeria.info/social.htm

-Quick Search- Activities Tour Operators Hotels Introduction Useful Tips Maps Currency Safety Health Climate Time Zones Getting There Social Life What To Bring Business History Attractions Events People Beaches Useful Info Fact file History Insurance Environment Sports Beaches Fishing Museums Historical Sites National Parks Cities Gorilla Trails Contact Us Useful Links Advertise Privacy Policy Main Page Links Contact Us Advertise Privacy Policy ... Historical Sites Destinations- Kainji Lake National Park Yankari National Park Kano Abuja Gashaka Gunti Nat.Park Cross-River Nat.Park Port Harcourt Okhomu Nat.Park

28. Africans Art by native and nonnative peoples moved into began importing inexpensive iron ontothe shores of africa. By 1920 indigenous furnaces ceased to produce native http://www.webzinemaker.net/africans-art/index.php3?action=page&id_art=363

29. THISDAYonline pillars on which the worlds' diverse peoples would stand things shall be added untoyou.' ijo youth are They have 'indigenous' political muscle behind them. http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/12/09/20011209sxt01.html

Open Letter to Nigerians: Oronto Douglas and Ijo Youth By Ike Okonta made it their business to reap where they did not sow; to take bread from the mouth of starving children; and to rape their mothers and smash their fathers into the chikoko mud when they raise their voice in protest. The Petroleum Decree and the Land Use Act are armed robbers' decrees. They confiscated the oil-bearing land and rivers and fishing creeks of the Ijo, Ogoni, Ikwerre, and the other peoples of the delta and put them in the hands of a rapine political regime to do with as it pleased. The western oil companies operating in the delta, with Shell in pole-position, have been able to get away with murdering and maiming in the area because of these two criminal decrees and the guns that prop them up. was travelling on was brought down, and he along with it, in November 1996. In this journey that you and your intrepid compatriots have embarked on, my good friend, you will never be alone. You are in the company of giants; men and women of the finest intellect; men and women of noble mind and generous spirit. For what greater love can there be than when a woman or man gives their life that others might live? These gentle spirits walk behind you; they walk before you. You will never be alone.

30. THISDAYonline Yoruba' 'HausaFulani,' 'Urhobo' and 'ijo' are recent of scarcity to mobilise theirvarious peoples to maximise that under-gird Nigeria are indigenous to the http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/11/11/20011111sxt01.html

Open Letter to Nigerians: Dr Bala Usman I chose to address the first of my five letters to politically significant Nigerians to you for three key reasons. You are one of Africa's foremost historians. Your body of work stand out as a testimony to a life of committed scholarship and a passionate engagement with the troubles of the African world and how they might be remedied. The African world salute you, Dr Bala Usman. Secondly, you have played, and indeed continue to play, a very important role in the shaping of the Nigerian state since the end of the civil war in January 1970 as critic, analyst, and adviser to significant politicians and sundry public figures. Thirdly, and perhaps most crucially, you are northern Nigeria's leading political thinker today in a season when Nigeria itself is on the brink. The actions and strategies of people of your class in the north in the coming months will determine whether Nigeria will, at long last, make that important transition to a nation capable of managing her political affairs sensibly and amicably without thugs and thieves masquerading as 'Fellow Nigerians' in army uniform forcing their way into the arena uninvited. The burden of this open letter is to engage you on the questions of nationality and citizenship, and how the conflicting logic of these two phenomena might be reconciled to sire the Nigeria of contented and prosperous citizens that has been the object of your labours these past three decades. Your withering critique of the work of the 1976 Constitution Drafting Committee hold true today as when you, along with your colleague, Dr Segun Osoba, wrote your influential Minority Report twenty-five years ago.

31. Cultural Anthropology The collection includes examples from Ibibio, Igbo, ijo and Ogoni speaking peoples TheIndigenous peoples Rights Question in africa This statement http://www.archaeolink.com/cultural_anthropology_index.htm

Cultural /Applied Anthropology - Home 'A' thru 'F' - go to - 'G' thru 'Z' This section may be one of the fastest growing because of the sheer amount of material that falls under the general heading of "cultural anthropology." You will find a mix of websites ranging from general social studies and basic human nature, to items which are culturally specific. My only attempt at organizing this is alphabetically. Treasure hunts can be fun. So, dig right in. 1999 Eclipse Anthropology Project Observation of reactions to a solar eclipse. "Even with modern communications, an eclipse may create anxiety and emotional reactions. - By Dr. Thomas Crump - http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/crump.html 20th WCP: Philosophical Anthropology Large and varied collection of papers dealing with philosophy in conjunction with cultural anthropology. - By the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy - http://web.bu.edu/wcp/MainAnth.htm 20th WCP:Understanding Human Nature... Paper on philosophical anthropology deals with self-realization based on philosophy and the arts. - From Cambridge University - http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Anth/AnthAmil.htm

32. Brown University Department Of Anthropology-Faculty Becoming Nigerian in ijo Society. Sweden, and the US, indigenous fertility regulatingmethods new historical anthropology; the Native peoples and European http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Anthropology/publications/faculty.html

General Information Undergraduate Programs Graduate Programs Faculty ... Links to Other Web Sites Faculty Profiles 1998-99 Faculty from left to right, starting from the top: David Kertzer, Marida Hollos, Richard Gould, Patricia Symonds, Wanni Anderson, Shepard Krech III, Nicholas Townsend, Martha Joukowsky, Philip Leis, and Patricia Rubertone. Not Pictured: William Beeman, Douglas Anderson, Lina Fruzzetti, Lucile Newman, Matthew Gutmann, William Simmons. Teaching Faculty (Click here for emeritus faculty, adjunct faculty and post doctoral fellows in the department) DOUGLAS D. ANDERSON, Professor Email: Douglas_Anderson@Brown.edu University of Washington, A.B., Brown University, M.A., University of Pennsylvania, Ph.D. Past research: Archaeology and paleoecology of the coastal and riverine peoples, northwest Alaska: continuity and change in Eskimo subsistence and settlements; archaeology of Beringia, archaeology and paleoecology of mainland and Southwest Asia. Present and future research: Prehistoric and early historic settlement patterns of the circumpolar region , archaeology of Southeast Asia, band organization, paleoecology, and lithic technology.

33. Anthropology At Brown of the coastal and riverine peoples, northwest Alaska Fertility differentials amongthe ijo in Southern The problem of indigenous conceptions of households. http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Anthropology/faculty.html

general info faculty facilities ... links Faculty Profiles 2001-2002 Faculty from left to right, front row: Martha Joukowsky, Daniel Smith Second row: William Beeman, Wanni Anderson, Patricia Rubertone, Lina Fruzzetti, Philip Leis Third row: Richard Gould, Douglas Anderson, David Kertzer, Patricia Symonds and Marida Hollos . Not Pictured: Matthew Gutmann, Shepard Krech III, William Simmons and Nicholas Townsend. Teaching Faculty (Click here for emeritus faculty, adjunct faculty and post doctoral fellows in the department) DOUGLAS D. ANDERSON, Professor Email: Douglas_Anderson@Brown.edu University of Washington, A.B., Brown University, M.A., University of Pennsylvania, Ph.D. Past research: Archaeology and paleoecology of the coastal and riverine peoples, northwest Alaska: continuity and change in Eskimo subsistence and settlements; archaeology of Beringia, archaeology and paleoecology of mainland and Southwest Asia. Present and future research: Prehistoric and early historic settlement patterns of the circumpolar region , archaeology of Southeast Asia, band organization, paleoecology, and lithic technology.

34. E/1997/INF/4 LIST OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN CONSULTATIVE STATUS WITH World Council of indigenous peoples (WCIP) World and Colonialism in Southern AfricaInternational Committee Juridical Organization (ijo) International League http://www.un.org/documents/ecosoc/docs/1997/e1997-inf4.htm

United Nations E/1997/INF/4 Economic and Social Council Distr. GENERAL 26 March 1997 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH This document has been posted online by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA). Reproduction and dissemination of the document - in electronic and/or printed format - is encouraged, provided acknowledgement is made of the role of the United Nations in making it available. Date last posted: 29 November 1999 12:16:05 Comments and suggestions: esa@un.org

35. New Page 1 The ImpluviumCourtyard (Oto-Eghodo) in indigenous Benin Architecture A Casestudyof the Bini peoples of Bendel Alagoa, EJ, 1966, ijo Origins and Migrations http://www.cgore.dircon.co.uk/a.htm

Website: cgore.dircon.co.uk EDO/BENIN KINGDOM BIBLIOGRAPHY by Dr. Charles Gore Bibliography updates 30 March 2003 If you use it, please cite Gore, C., Edo Bibliography, http://www.cgore.dircon.co.uk , date of access (or whichever publishing convention is appropriate) Thank you! For Benin/Edo materials see options 4 and 5 in Index halfway down home page This leads to INDEX

36. Untitled Human Rights news service stories about indigenous peoples. WORLD JOURNAL (Centerfor World indigenous Studies) http www.fjc.gov/STAFEDJUAF/ijo/intobs.html http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/~llou/lawlists/international.txt

37. Newly-Added Web Links ijo Orunmila (Ifa Page) Resources on Ifa, and and administration; (C) support forindigenous environmental NGOs any aspect of africa, its peoples, their homes http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Home_Page/www_new0497.html

Newly-Added Web Links April 23, 1997 Archaeology: Images from South Africa These resources are mostly archaeological but also cover anthropology, paleontology, of South Africa People and Culture of Africa Resources for an Anthropology course which cover the Mande, the Yorub of West Africa as well as the Nso of Cameroon. Arts Images of Masks: Africa Images of masks, makers of masks, masquerade troupes, and relevant resources from around the world are indexed in this server. Country Specific Ghana Ghana in Japan General resources on culture and busiiness opportunites in Ghana. Kenya Knightline Enterprises One of the primary missions of Knightline Enterprises is to promote the private and commerical use of the internet by the Kenyan Community worldwide. Resources include: News, E-mail directory, Business Directory, and relevant on-line resources on Kenya. Nigeria Nigeria on the Net Nigeria.Com is run by Tridas International Ltd. It provides news, editorial, chat rooms, weblinks, etc. and other resources that pertain Nigerians. South Africa Sports in South Africa Resources on recreations, facilities, publications, discussion lists, and infrastrcute of Sports in South Africa.

38. Fr. Nicoll's Course Website Atlantic, Mandingo, Gur, Kwa, Central Branch, ijo, AdamwaEastern leaders (uzama),an order of hereditary indigenous chiefs CGK I 466 Khoisan peoples South and http://www.loyno.edu/~nicoll/subsah.htm

39. UN EOCSOC NGOs (WCOCU). World Council of Independent Christian Churches. World Council ofIndigenous peoples (WCIP). africa. International Juridical Organization (ijo). http://www.ngos.net/ecosocngolist.html

UNITED NATIONS - NGOs at the Economic and Social Council LIST OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN CONSULTATIVE STATUS WITH THE ECONOMIC WITH THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL * AS AT 10 FEBRUARY 1997 If you know of any changes, modifications, additions, or deletions to these lists, please notify us at the Administrator of the NGOs Network Also, If you know of any Web Links to the webs and e-mail addresses for any of these organizations, please notify the Administrator of the NGOs Network The non-governmental organizations that are in consultative status as at 10 February 1997 as a result of action taken by the Economic and Social Council in 1996, and at its organizational session in February 1997 are listed below. Contents GENERAL CONSULTATIVE STATUS SPECIAL CONSULTATIVE STATUS ROSTER A. Organizations placed on the Roster by virtue of action taken by the Economic and Social Council on the recommendation of the Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations ... C. Organizations placed on the Roster by virtue of their consultative status with other United Nations bodies or the specialized agencies GENERAL CONSULTATIVE STATUS Academic Council on the United Nations System African American Institute American Association of Retired Persons Asian Forum of Parliamentarians on Population and Development Association for Progressive Communications (APC) Association of Non-Governmental Organizations Associazione Volontari per il Servizio Internazionale CARE International COLAC - Latin American Confederation of Credit Unions

40. Ijaw Resourse Center The Ijaws are the most populous indigenous inhabitants of the to the existence ofthis ijo tribe in Ijaw National Congress INCUSA Ijaw peoples Association Ijaw http://www.ijawcenter.com/

Search IJAW ETHNIC NATIONALITY The Ijaws are a nation of more than twelve million people in the Niger Delta region. The Ijaws are the most populous indigenous inhabitants of the Niger Delta and constitute the fourth largest ethnicity within the borders of Nigeria. Origin of the People The Iduwini speaking Ijaws of Ekeremo Local Government can be found along the coastline between the Forcados estuary in Delta State and the Pennington River in Bayelsa State. The Portuguese pilot Pereira attested to the existence of this Ijo tribe in 1508. According to Iduwini oral traditions, the town of Amatu in Bayelsa was the place out of which all other settlements originated. One will find bronze bells in the shrine of Suogbosu (Suo Egbesu) the national god of the Iduwini. Headline - Main story Attack On ANPP Team Claims One In Rivers ONE person may have died and several others missing in a boat mishap said to have resulted from an attack on members of the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) who had gone to campaign in Bakana in Akuku -Turo Local Government Area of Rivers State. According to reports, the ANPP members arrived Bakana Island yesterday, evening at about 5p.m. after visiting other communities like Tombom Old Bakana and Buguma where the ANPP gubernatorial candidate Sergeant Awuse addressed rallies.

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