61. BBC News | ENTERTAINMENT | Cleese Makes Internet History Friday, 5 May, 2000, 1023 GMT 1123 UK Cleese makes internet history Rabbiting onJohn Cleese in Quantum Project Funnyman John Cleese made history on Friday http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/entertainment/newsid_737000/737307.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: Entertainment Front Page World UK ... AudioVideo SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobiles/PDAs Feedback ... Low Graphics Friday, 5 May, 2000, 10:23 GMT 11:23 UK Cleese makes internet history Rabbiting on: John Cleese in Quantum Project Funnyman John Cleese made history on Friday by appearing in the first major film produced exclusively for the internet. The 60-year-old British actor, best known for his role as madcap Basil Fawlty in the sitcom Fawlty Towers, stars alongside Stephen Dorff in Quantum Project. The movie, which cost $3m (£1.9m) to make, lasts just 32 minutes and combines live action with computer animation and 3D effects. Heart-throb Stephen Dorff takes the wheel in Quantum Project Billed as "the story of two electron-crossed lovers", it is directed by Oscar-winning Eugenio Zanetti. Internet users across the world can download Quantum Project simultaneously by logging on to www.sightsound.com. Viewers will have to pay a charge of $3.95 (£2.50), but the transaction is a purchase, not a rental. In the movie, written by David Aaron Cohen (The Devil's Own), US heart-throb Dorff plays Paul Pentcho, a brilliant physicist who attempts to use science to find God.

62. Demystifying The Internet: Internet History internet history. The 60's. In the 1960s, researchers began experimentingwith linking computers to each other and to people through http://www.udel.edu/alex/demyst/1.2.html

Internet History The 60's In the 1960s, researchers began experimenting with linking computers to each other and to people through telephone hook- ups, using funds from the US Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). ARPA wanted to see if computers in different locations could be linked using a new technology known as packet switching, which had the promise of letting several users share just one communications line. Previous computer networking efforts had required a line between each computer on the network, sort of like a train track on which only one train can travel at a time. The packet system allowed for creation of a data highway, in which large numbers of vehicles could essentially share the same lane. Each packet was given the computer equivalent of a map and a time stamp, so that it could be sent to the right destination, where it would then be reassembled into a message the computer or a human could use. This system allowed computers to share data and the researchers to exchange electronic mail, or Email. In itself, Email was something of a revolution, offering the ability to send detailed letters at the speed of a phone call. As this system, known as ARPANet, grew, some enterprising college students (and one in high school) developed a way to use it to conduct online conferences. These started as science-oriented discussions, but they soon branched out into virtually every other field, as people realized the power of being able to "talk" to hundreds, or even thousands, of people around the country.

63. Internet History History of the Internet. whitehouse.gov and vicepresident@whitehouse.gov.On-line information about the history of the internet. http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/leblanc/internet-course/history.html

History of the Internet Brief history Timeline of internet development On-line information about the history of the internet Brief history The internet started out as a research project sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Administration (DARPA) in the 1960's as a response to the question of how to manage military command and control under the threat of nuclear attack. By having communications managed by computers scattered throughout the country, it was thought that the command structure of the USA would be less vulnerable to a nuclear attack at a few isolated locations. The original ARPAnet (the precursor of the modern internet) contained four sites in California. It soon expanded to include most DARPA contractors on both the east and west coasts. The ARPAnet showed that network communication across the country was practical. The idea soon expanded beyond the military to the scientific establishment and NSFnet was founded. Commercial networks soon followed. As each new network came on line, it was connected with other existing networks, eventually forming the internet as we know it today. Timeline of internet development Here are the important milestones in the development of the internet. These milestones are a summary of the Hobbes' Internet Timeline by Robert Hobbes Zakon (hobbes@hobbes.mitre.org).

64. Internet Technical Resources: History internet history. A history of the Internet written by V. Cerf. Even theWorld Wide Web already has a history. A yearby-year timeline. http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/internet/history.html

Internet History Surprise, Surprise , 10 years of networking research From Two Small Nodes, a Mighty Web Has Grown (NYT, Oct. 12, 1999) Z. Whang's short history of packet switching Netizens On the History and Impact of the Net by Michael and Ronda Hauben A history of the Internet written by V. Cerf Even the World Wide Web already has a history A year-by-year timeline Hobbes' Internet Timeline v4.0 , Robert H'obbes' Zakon A non-technical history of telecommunication Usenet history A collection of historical documents , including How the Internet Came To Be by Vinton Cerf Material for the book Where Wizards Stay Up Late , a history of the early Internet IEEE Spectrum, Architects of the net of nets , pp. 57-63, Sept. 1996. The Internet Index is an occasional collection of facts and statistics about the Internet and related activities dating back to December 1993. Telephone Museum (Danish telephone history) History of undersea cables (and other telegraph/telephone events) Last updated document.write(document.lastModified) by Henning Schulzrinne

65. Internet History, Internet Timeline & History Of The Web: KnowThis.com research, marketing plans, internet marketing, marketing careers muchmore! internet history, Internet Timeline History of the Web. http://www.knowthis.com/internet/internethistory.htm

Marketing Virtual Library Search Advanced Search Main Areas Home Advertising Customer-Focused Education ... Hobbes' Internet Timeline *Nice description of the progress of the Internet, presented in the form of a time line 1950s to present. Internet Society (ISOC) History of the Internet *This site is essentially a "History of the Internet Directory". Provides nearly 20 links to articles and sites that give their account of how the internet has evolved. The Internet's History and Development *Another good source of information about the history of the Internet. KnowThis

66. Anthony's Internet History Page Has Moved Anthony's internet history page has moved, please make note of thenew URL http//www.anderbergfamily.net/ant/history/ 3/5/2001. http://www.dsu.edu/~anderbea/history/

Anthony's Internet History page has moved, please make note of the new URL: http://www.anderbergfamily.net/ant/history/

67. Computer And Internet History Sites Relating to the History of the Internet Hobbes' Internet Timeline A nicecompilation of the history of the Internet, complete with a chronological http://www.imagescape.com/helpweb/history/background.html

The History of the Computers and the Internet ...or How the Heck did this stuff get started anyhow? "If someone says ' can't ,' that shows you what to do." Sites Relating to the History of Computing Smithsonian Computer History The Smithsonian Computer History Section includes an on-line slide show of their "Information Age" exhibit and the text of oral histories they are collecting from people who are the innovators of the computer era. The Virtual Museum of Computing The virtual museum is a collection of links to information about computers and computer history. A very detailed index indeed. Chronology of Personal Computers "This document is an attempt to bring various published sources together to present a timeline about Personal Computers." The History of Silicon Valley A short history of the computer industry in Silicon Valley. History of Silicon Valley and the Technology Behind It An extensive collection of links to information on the history of computers, the web, the computer companies, and Silicon Valley itself. Computer Industry History Sites Relating to the History of the Internet Hobbes' Internet Timeline A nice compilation of the history of the Internet, complete with a chronological discussion and graphs showing the explosive growth is housed by the Internet Society.

68. The History Of The Internet Includes a timeline of the Net's history from 1960 to 1995. Contains links to stories about the internet's beginnings. The history of the internet begins at the height of the cold war in the 1960's. http://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history.shtml

davesite.com webstation / net history The History of the Internet By Dave Kristula, March 1997 / Update: August 2001 1996-Present The USSR launches Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite. In response,the United States forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within theDepartment of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military. Backbones: None - Hosts: None RAND Paul Baran, of the RAND Corporation (a government agency), was commissioned by the U.S. Air Force to do a study on how it could maintain its command and control over its missiles and bombers, after a nuclear attack. This was to be a military research network that could survive a nuclear strike, decentralized so that if any locations (cities) in the U.S. were attacked, the military could still have control of nuclear arms for a counter-attack. Baran's finished document described several ways to accomplish this. His final proposal was a packet switched network. "Packet switching is the breaking down of data into datagrams or packets that are labeled to indicate the origin and the destination of the information and the forwarding of these packets from one computer to another computer until the information arrives at its final destination computer. This was crucial to the realization of a computer network. If packets are lost at any given point, the message can be resent by the originator." Backbones: None - Hosts: None ARPA awarded the ARPANET contract to BBN. BBN had selected a Honeywell minicomputer as the base on which they would build the switch. The physical network was constructed in 1969, linking four nodes: University of California at Los Angeles, SRI (in Stanford), University of California at Santa Barbara, and University of Utah. The network was wired together via 50 Kbps circuits.

69. The Matrix: Community Memory Archive of postings to this discussion list dedicated to the history of The internet http://memex.org/community-memory.html

COMMUNITY MEMORY DISCUSSION LIST ON THE HISTORY OF CYBERSPACE World Wide Web Home Page and Archive COMMUNITY MEMORY is made possible by Computer Professionals For Social Responsibility This page was last updated on April 4, 1997. Listserver Status: THE LISTSERVER IS CURRENTLY RUNNING. How to subscribe to the list Send an e-mail to LISTSERV@MAELSTROM.STJOHNS.EDU reading SUBSCRIBE CYHIST yourfirstname yourlastname Where firstname is replaced with your first name, and lastname is replaced with your last name. These instructions supersede all others. Search the posts, and browse the archives. Wondering when the first e-mail message was sent, or how Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak went door to door selling devices that allowed for free phone calls, in 1972? Search and you may find the answer to your question. Posts to this list are indexed and made available, creating a research tool for the online community on the history and origins of cyberspace. This is an evolving search mechanism, so functionality will be added as time passes. However, posts from June 4, 1996 to July 8, 1996 will not turn up in your search, as they were distributed using a different listserver. To read those, browse the archives below on this page. We are working on merging the two together into one database.

70. Internet Society (ISOC) All About The Internet: History Of The Internet Find chapters covering the origins, ideas, commercialization, and initial concepts of this powerful information tool. and incomplete history. Much material currently exists about the internet, covering history, technology, and usage. http://www.isoc.org/internet-history/brief.html

71. Life On The Internet Net Timeline Move the slider to navigate through the years on this Javabased internet timeline.Category Computers internet history Timelines......Net Timeline Click here for text version. The history of the internetbegins at the height of the cold war in the 1960's. People http://www.pbs.org/internet/timeline/

Net Timeline Click here for text version. The history of the Internet begins at the height of the cold war in the 1960's. People at the Rand Corporation, America's foremost military think tank, were trying to figure out an important strategic problem: how could US authorities talk to each other in the aftermath of a nuclear attack? Communication networks of the day were chained point-to-point, with each place on the network dependent on the link before it. If one point in the network was blown up, the whole network would become useless. Paul Baran, one of the Rand thinkers on the project, conceived the idea for a new kind of communications network; one that wasn't organized point-to-point, but instead was set up more like a fishnet. He believed this structure could allow information to find its own path through the network even if a section had been destroyed. His eleven volume report for the Pentagon was eventually shelved; but younger engineers realized that he had hit on an essential idea . . . Baran's Cold War musings later influenced the design used to create a small, decentralized network connecting computers at four university campuses around the United States. This tiny seed eventually grew into the Internet; a huge network-of-networks, millions of nodes strong, which today covers the entire globe.

72. Nerds 2.0.1 Nerds 2.0.2 is a documentary on the history of the internet. The web site includes excellent content Category Arts Television Networks PBS Programs...... Nerds 2.0.1, The intrepid Robert X. Cringely leads us on another adventure,this time delving into the history of the internet. Nerds http://www.pbs.org/opb/nerds2.0.1/

The intrepid Robert X. Cringely leads us on another adventure, this time delving into the history of the Internet. Nerds 2.0.1 is the sequel to his first special, Triumph of the Nerds Other Cringely Sites

73. OrangePeel.com History Of The Internet General history of the internet covering topics such as IMP, Packet Switching, ARPAnet, and TCP/IP. http://www.orangepeel.com/newOP/en/internet/shortHistory.php

About Us WebMail The Internet Français .com Internet History of the Internet Short Report: The following short report was written by Steven Hartley in 1996 and has recently been updated in May 2002. Please note that if you wish to link this site or use some of the contents you must properly quote Steven Hartley and Orange Peel. Are you finding this useful? Is so we would really like to know, drop us off a quick email at: internet@orangepeel.ca It would be greatly appreciated and it only takes a second or two. The report is in chronological order and split up into relevant sections, starting with BBN. BBN:In the Beginning The Early Years J.C.R Licklider The Networking Ideas ... Internet Browsers What do you think of our new site? Email your coments to: webmaster@orangepeel.ca ©1997-2003, Orange Peel. Powered By: Apache/2.0 (Unix) PHP/4.2 Switch to:

74. Internet & World Wide Web History The history of the internet internet history Lists of Sources...... HTML Info ECommerce Web history Computer Humor Anti-Spam Info, internet World Wide Web history. Silicon Valley to internet Valley history http://www.elsop.com/wrc/h_web.htm

About Products Free Trial Purchase ... Anti-Spam Info [ History of: The Web The Computer Computer Companies People ... Silicon Valley to Internet Valley History Try a Free Evaluation Copy of our Product: LinkScan LinkScan is a website quality assurance tool that checks links and produces two types of SiteMaps using multi-threaded simultaneous processing that provides reports on HTML pages readable from any browser on any platform. Get a free evaluation copy Electronic Software Publishing Corporation (Elsop)

75. WDVL: History Of The Internet And The World Wide Web history of the internet and the World Wide Web. A Short history of internetProtocols at CERN by Ben Segal, for some relevant prehistory. http://www.wdvl.com/Internet/History/

FREE Newsletter Home Authoring ... Email a Colleague Hot Topics JavaScript HTML CSS DHTML ... XML find a web host with: CGI Access DB Support NT Servers UNIX Servers Telnet Access advanced search Developer Channel FlashKit Gif.com HierMenusCentral Java Boutique ... XMLFiles.com e-commerce Be a Commerce Partner Windows Web Hosting Register for AIIM Register Domains ... Tech Magazines - FREE internet.com Internet News Internet Investing Internet Technology Windows Internet Tech. ... E-mail Offers History of the Internet and the World Wide Web "Meanwhile, several programs have been made exploring these ideas, both commercially and academically. Most of them use "hot spots" in documents, like icons, or highlighted phrases, as sensitive areas. touching a hot spot with a mouse brings up the relevant information, or expands the text on the screen to include it. Imagine, then, the references in this document, all being associated with the network address of the thing to which they referred, so that while reading this document you could skip to them with a click of the mouse." Information Management: A Proposal , by Tim Berners-Lee, CERN, March 1989, May 1990. This proposal concerns the management of general information about accelerators and experiments at CERN. It discusses the problems of loss of information about complex evolving systems and derives a solution based on a distributed hypertext system.

76. The Internet's History And Development Article about the beginnings of the internet, development of IMPs and packet-switching, ARPAnet, TCP/IP, Category Computers internet history...... ACM / Crossroads / Xrds21 / The internet's history and Development The internet'shistory and Development. From Wartime Tool to the Fish-Cam. by Scott Ruthfield http://www.acm.org/crossroads/xrds2-1/inet-history.html

ACM Crossroads Student Magazine The ACM's First Electronic Publication Crossroads Home Join the ACM! Search Crossroads crossroads@acm.org ... Crossroads / The Internet's History and Development The Internet's History and Development From Wartime Tool to the Fish-Cam by Scott Ruthfield It was 1964, the height of the Cold War, and Americans spent their free time building bomb shelters and stockpiling canned food in preparation for the impending nuclear attack. The government, however, had a more pervasive problem. If war did come, how would the military be able to communicate? A centralized system might easily be destroyed in wartime, and so traditional technologies wouldn't work. This fear impressed a need on the government to do something different to develop a whole new scheme for post-nuclear communication. Today, a descendant of that Cold War mechanism is used to track seismological phenomena, transmit pressing news bulletins, and send email to mom. Does this signal a complete shift in priorities? In part, yes; more appropriately though, it is an example of a technology with more uses than anybody ever imagined. The Internet we use today is one of the few positive legacies of Cold War paranoia, providing efficient and inexpensive communications between people around the world. As the Iraqis proved during the Gulf War, commercially available Internet technologies were indeed resistant to enemy fire. But as ``Information Superhighway'' becomes the most over-used phrase of the 1990s, mass numbers of people are signing up and trying to become part of the Internet community. By understanding the motives, methods, and technologies behind the Internet's development, we can get a sense of the power and importance of this project gone happily amok.

77. A Little History Of The World Wide Web A hyperlinked timeline from 1945 to 1995.Category Computers internet history Timelines...... http://www.w3.org/History.html

78. History Of The Internet And Web Detailed timeline of communications and the internet covering 700BC to 1999.Category Computers internet history Timelines......history of the internet and Web. If I have seen farther than others,it is because I stood on the shoulders of giants. Isaac Newton http://www.anderbergfamily.net/ant/history/

History of the Internet and Web If I have seen farther than others, it is because I stood on the shoulders of giants. - Isaac Newton Anthony Anderberg ant@anderbergfamily.net Last updated: 1/5/2003 700 BC Homing pigeons carry messages in ancient Greece. May 4th In a letter Florentine merchant Francesco Lapi uses the @ sign for the first time in recorded history. Galileo Galilei discovers the moon's terrain and Jupiter's four largest moons. His view of the heavens as a place started a scientific revolution, and would forever change how we view the universe around us. Danish physicist Hans Christian Orsted discovers that a wire carrying an electric current creates a field that deflects a magnetic needle, a discovery that would eventually lead to the creation of the telegraph. William F. Cooke and Charles Wheatstone install the first railway telegraph in England. May 24th Samuel F.B. Morse demonstrated a magnetic telegraph using his Morse Code to send the message 'What hath God wrought' from Baltimore to Washington. August The first transatlantic cable is installed between Ireland and Canada. Unfortunately the signal was so weak and indistinguishable from background noise that it took hours to send a few words. The owners tried to fix the situation by boosting the voltage from 600 to 2000 volts, melting the cable's insulation and leaving it dead in the water. Later cables installed in 1866 were successful and remained in use for almost 100 years.

79. The History Of The Internet And The WWW This page deals with the history of the internet and the WWW. 6) Disclaimer. 7) Glossary.1) Introduction. Welcome to a tour through the history of the internet! http://members.magnet.at/dmayr/history.htm

Fight for your right to web standards! see. think. The History of the Net. Contents Introduction The Internet How does the Internet work? The 1960s The 1970s The 1980s The 1990s The future The World Wide Web WWW - a side effect of particle physics The father of WWW - Tim Berners - Lee Hyper Text Markup Language - HTML Browsers Conclusion My sources Glossary 1) Introduction Welcome to a tour through the history of the Internet! I suppose you know the history of the Net already a bit, but I'm sure you don't know enough, especially if you are a beginner! This page should help you to understand the Internet a bit better. Have fun! (You can mail me any comments you have!) 2) The Internet 2.1) How does the Internet work? Before you're going to read something about the History of the Internet, I want you to know how it actually works. The Internet is a packet-orientated network. That means that the data you transfer is divided in packets. This principle is not new, it was already used in the . So what happens when you transfer data across the Internet's various networks? The networks are linked by special computers, the so-called

80. CHM Computer History Online Exhibits Request for Comments.’ This is the first of thousands of RFCs that document thedesign of the ARPANET and the internet. 2003 Computer history Museum. http://www.computerhistory.org/exhibits/internet_history/

"In the Beginning, ARPA created the ARPANET. And the ARPANET was without form and void. And darkness was upon the deep. And the spirit of ARPA moved upon the face of the network and ARPA said, 'Let there be a protocol,' and there was a protocol. And ARPA saw that it was good. And ARPA said, 'Let there be more protocols,' and it was so. And ARPA saw that it was good. And ARPA said, 'Let there be more networks,' and it was so." Danny Cohen By 1992, when this timeline ends, the Internet has one million hosts the ARPANET has ceased to exist computers are nine orders of magnitude faster network bandwidth is twenty million times greater. TX-2 at MIT SAGE consoles At MIT, a wide variety of computer experiments are going on. Ivan Sutherland uses the TX-2 to write Sketchpad, the origin of graphical programs for computer-aided design. Leonard Kleinrock completes his doctoral dissertation at MIT on queuing theory in communication networks, and becomes an assistant professor at UCLA. SYNCOM Satellite in production Part of the ASCII alphabet Licklider starts to talk with Larry Roberts of Lincoln Labs, director of the TX-2 project, Ivan Sutherland, a computer graphics expert whom he has hired to work at ARPA and Bob Taylor, who joins ARPA in 1965. Lick contracts with MIT, UCLA, and BBN to start work on his vision.

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