41. Gays In Israel Demand Equal Rights  By Elizabeth Eaves Dan Yakir, a lawyer for the Association for civil rights in israel, believes legal FollowingDana international's win, Deputy Health Minister Rabbi Shlomo http://www.jews-for-allah.org/israel/not-jewish-state/homosexuality/gays_equal_r

Gays In Israel Demand Equal Rights By Elizabeth Eaves TEL AVIV (Reuters) Orthodox Jews in traditional black averted their eyes as sequin-clad drag queens, dancing lesbians and bare-chested men gyrated down the streets of Tel Aviv in Israel's first Gay Pride parade. An exuberant crowd of more than 2,000 followed, waving rainbow flags and cheering when the hit song ``Diva'' by the transsexual Israeli singer Dana International boomed from loudspeakers. The gay community in Israel is taking centre stage, demanding attention and equal rights. ``We've reached critical mass. People are coming out of the closet at a much quicker rate than before,'' said 25-year-old Jared Goldfarb, who attended the June 26 parade carrying a sign reading ``Gay, religious and proud.'' Goldfarb said he was grateful the parade was in the afternoon so he could make it home in time for the Jewish sabbath, which begins at sundown on Fridays. Even in Jerusalem, home of Israel's largest concentration of ultra-Orthodox Jews, the gay community is speaking up. This year, student organisers threw the holy city's second annual gay pride party.

42. Videotape Descriptions to force it to adhere to international law, saying in To protest against the crimesof israel ever since Africa and who joined the civil rights Movement in http://www.freepalestinecampaign.org/video_descriptions-1.htm

Videos created by and available from the Center for Creative Democracy For orders outside the USplease specify NTSC or PAL format. If you're not sure which format is common in your nation, click HERE or e-mail tsaffold@provide.net. Videotapes on the International Solidarity Movement “Kathy Kelly Reports: The International Solidarity Movement in Palestine” Kathy Kelly, internationally known peace activist and leader of the campaign to end the sanctions against Iraq, joined the work of the International Solidarity Movement in Palestine last April. Twice nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, Kathy took part in ISM actions in Jenin, refugee camps, and Ramallah. An insightful, entertaining, and inspirational speaker, she told the stories of her time in Palestine in a speech recorded in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and captured in this videotape. Illustrated with dramatic footage of the devastation caused by the military incursion into Jenin, this hour-long video is an excellent introduction to the brutality of Israel’s occupation of the West Bank. Orders inside the USA and Canada CCD- VIDEO- Orders outside of the USA and Canada CCD-VIDEO-1-INTERNATIONAL "The International Solidarity Movement and Israeli Human Rights Abuses,"

43. Israel Daily - Daily News And Current Events cabinet finalises plans for Iraq war The News international JERUSALEM The Americaisrael Public Affairs Committee. The Association For civil rights in israel. http://www.israeldaily.com/

BUSINESS POLITICS UN TECHNOLOGY ... WORLD PHOTOS WN Market Place Insurance Cover CyberJobs.com Buy Diamonds Phones.com ... World Subscriber NEWS COVERAGE Jerusalem Post BBC Middle East CNN Middle East NewsHour: Israeli Elections ... Ariga Publishing - an on-line Israeli publishing house. Daily News from Virtual Jerusalem Daily Selections From Israeli News Papers - In Hebrew. Israel OnLine VJnews Dateline: Israel Gamla - political issues of the Middle East. Globes - Israel's Business Arena ISRAELI GUIDES Rakia - Isreal's cultural institutions. Academic Web of Israel Focus on Israel Virtual Holyland Yesha - Yesha region of Israel Falafel - Israeli search engine GOVERNMENT SITES Government Gateway Office of The Prime Minister Ministry of Finance ... Central America Tue, 8 April 2003 WN Mideast WN Network Israeli air attack kills five Palestinians Israel killed a senior Hamas leader, one of his deputies and three other Palestinians on Tuesday in an air strike hours after US President George W Bush vowed to renew efforts to end Israeli-Palestinian violence. At least 47 Palestinian civilians were wounded in the first such attack in Gaza City since the start of the US-led war in Iraq, hospital officials said(Getty Images)... Israel USA Gaza Mideast ... Bush, Blair Pledge U.N. Role in Iraq

44. Faculty And Administration-David Kretzmer of Board, Association for civil rights in israel. Member, Human rights Committeeunder international Covenant for civil and Political rights, 1995–2002; vice http://www.law.columbia.edu/faculty/dkretzmer.html

Visiting Faculty DAVID KRETZMER Visiting Professor of Law (Spring) The Law of Nuisance (1979, in Hebrew); The Law of Assault and Battery (1980, in Hebrew); The Legal Status of the Arabs in Israel (Westview, 1990) (2nd edition, in Arabic, 2002); Freedom of Speech and Incitement Against Democracy (edited with F. Hazan, Kluwer Law International, 2000); The Occupation of Justice: The Supreme Court of Israel and the Occupied Territories (SUNY Press, 2002); and The Concept of Human Dignity in Human Rights Discourse (edited with E. Klein, Kluwer Law International, 2002). Other publications include articles on torts, contracts, environmental law, constitutional law, and human rights.

45. Eyal Benvenisti Site 199596 Chairperson, The Association for civil rights in israel in the American Journalof international Law Zeltner Prize for a young legal scholar in israel. http://www.tau.ac.il/law/members/benvenisti/cv.html

CURRICULUM VITAE Eyal Benvenisti Born: February 18, 1959, in Jerusalem, Israel Address: Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel Phone: +972-3-640-6426 Fax: +972-3-640-5849 E-mail: ebenve@post.tau.ac.il Academic Background: 1988-90: J.S.D., Yale Law School. Dissertation title: "Conflict of Laws and Belligerent Occupation - A Study in International and Comparative Law." (Awarded the Ambrose Gherini Prize for an outstanding work in private or public international law). 1987-88: LL.M., Yale Law School. 1985-86: The Direct Program towards Ph.D. in Law (a program for outstanding LL.B. students), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Law. 1980-84: LL.B., The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Law (summa cum laude). Employment: 2003: Visiting Professor of Law, New York University School of Law, The Global Law Faculty (during fall term). Since 2002: Full Professor, Tel Aviv University, Faculty of Law. 2002: Visiting Professor of Law, University of Michigan School of Law (during spring term). Since 1999: Visiting Professor of Law, Columbia Law School (during fall term).

46. Christians in the American civil rights movement. (See questions on Jerusalem in section onOccupation.) israel considers the international Christian Embassy http://www.holylandalternatives.net/christians.html

Home SiteMap Travel Resources at Home ... Should Be Asked Christians Aren't Christians leaving Israel and the occupied territories because of disagreements with the Muslims? No, they are not leaving because of conflict with Muslims. Many Christians do leave because they, along with Muslim Palestinians, experience civil and human rights violations under the Israeli military occupation. They are concerned about the poor economy, the pressure on schools, the disruption of medical care, difficulties in making a decent living and the humiliation and dehumanization of the occupation. The leadership of the Palestinian Authority encourages Christian involvement and many outspoken Palestinians, including members of the legislature, are Christians. A study by Dr. Bernard Sabella, a sociology professor at Bethlehem University, showed that Muslim families often leave for the same reasons as Christian families, particularly if they are well-educated and/or professional people. What control does the government of Israel have over the churches in Israel and Palestine? Indigenous Christians are usually Palestinians but they belong to a number of Churches both recently formed and ancient. In 2001 Israel told the Greek Orthodox Church that it could not elect certain persons as Patriarch of Jerusalem. In a letter signed by Israeli Justice Minister, Meir Sheetit, five of the candidates for election were banned. Israel claims since it is the sovereign power in Jerusalem, it has the right to disqualify any candidate whom it does not regard as suitable to be head of the largest and most ancient Church (denomination) in the country.

47. Human Rights Amnesty international (AI); Arab Organization for Human rights; Asociacion ProDerechos Humanos; Association For civil rights in israel; British Helsinki Human http://www.hri.org/nodes/human.html

Compact version Today's Suggestion Read about The Muslim Minority of Greek Thrace (Hellenic MFA, Mirror on HR-Net) Tuesday, 8 April 2003 News Latest News (All) From Greece From Cyprus From Europe From Balkans ... PNP-Online User ID: Human Rights Search the HR-Net Interesting Nodes Collection for: Check our weekly Nodes Update Report or receive it by email via our PNP service Please e-mail us at nodes-submit@hri.org or use the online form to suggest additions, request corrections or report outdated links, keeping in mind our policy on linked sites. Action Coalition American Visions (AVS) Armenian Genocide (Links to Several Sites) Art In Defence Of Human Rights (AIDOH) American Association for the Advancement of Science Directory of Human Rights Sites (AAAS) Amnesty International (AI) Arab Organization for Human Rights Asociacion Pro Derechos Humanos Association For Civil Rights in Israel British Helsinki Human Rights Group ... Center For World Indigenous Studies Information (FWDP) Committee to Protect Journalists Council for the Defence of Human Rights and Freedoms in Prishtina Cultural Survival Derechos Humanos en America Latina ... Egyptian Organization for Human Rights (EOHR) Ethiopian Human Rights Council (EHRCO) European Council of Human Rights Web European Court of Human Rights Focus: HOPE Fourth World Documentation Project (R.J.Rummel page on Genocide)

48. Israel Transsexual singer Dana international's representation of israel in the Despite aStillpowerful Closet, israel has Granted Gay civil rights gives an http://www.ilga.org/Information/legal_survey/middle east/israel.htm

Home Page Information Survey Introduction Site Index THE INTERNATIONAL LESBIAN AND GAY ASSOCIATION WORLD LEGAL SURVEY Africa Asia/Pacific Europe Middle East ... Next Country Country : Israel Region : Middle East Background Sexual Behaviour Association/Expression Anti-Discrimination ... HIV/AIDS Source/Verification *Background information, government attitudes, country situation The period of the Labour Government, from 1992 to 1996, saw considerable progress for the lesbian and gay movement, with the establishment of a Knesset subcommittee on LGB rights in 1993, the passage of employment protection legislation in 1992, the ending of discriminatory rules in the military in 1993, and a Supreme Court judgement in 1994 (the El Al case) in favour of equal domestic partner employment benefits. However, with the victory of the right-wing Likud party in 1996, the rate of progress has reduced. For more detailed background on this period see " Religious Conservatives in Israel Arrest Rights for Gays and Women "(Roy Aarons). At the end of 1996 the Israeli president Ezer Weizman, in a speech to high-school students, attacked gays: " "I like a man who wants to be a man and a woman who wants to be a woman, but not a man who wants to be a woman," the president said.

49. End The Occupation—About Us trade, human rights in national and international relations, antidiscrimination,and civil liberties. movement is US military aid to israel that continues http://www.endtheoccupation.org/about_us.html

US CAMPAIGN TO END THE ISRAELI OCCUPATION HOME ABOUT US ACT NOW JOIN NOW ... SEARCH FACT SHEETS PDF PDF About the US Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation The US Campaign is a coalition of organizations and individuals focused on changing US policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in support of freedom from occupation and equal rights for all. The Campaign is based on human rights and international law, providing a non-sectarian framework for everyone supporting its Call to Action . The Campaign strategy is to inform, educate, and mobilize the public regarding the US role in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. How Did It Start? Several activists met in New York and Washington D.C. during the summer of 2001 to discuss the US role in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. They included civil and human rights activists, members of faith-based organizations, peace activists, Arab-American organizations, Jewish groups opposing the occupation, students, and others. They adopted the Campaign Call to Action in October 2001. Since then, many organizations have endorsed the Campaign including the American Friends Service Committee, the Institute for Policy Studies New Internationalism Project, the Center for Economic and Social Rights, the Trans-Arab Research Institute, Madre, Global Exchange, Black Voices for Peace,and American Muslims for Jerusalem. The Campaign now brings together groups and individuals from states as far afield as Illinois, Massachusetts, New York, Washington DC, Washington State, Pennsylvania, Oregon, Florida, Texas, and California.

50. Charitable Choices - Civil And Human Rights Alliance for Justice. American civil Liberties Union Foundation. The internationalRescue Committee. international Women's Democracy Center. New israel Fund. http://www.charitablechoices.org/categories/civil.asp

Civil and Human Rights Charities by Categories All Charities A to Z National/International Charities Serving the DC Metro Area ... Washington Legal Clinic for the Homeless

51. Amnesty International 1999 Annual Report On Israel (the State Of) And The Occupi the un Human rights Committee considered israel's initial report on its implementationof the international Covenant on civil and Political rights (iccpr) and http://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/ar99/mde15.htm

AI REPORT 1999: ISRAEL(STATE OF) AND THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES At least 1,200 Palestinians were arrested on security grounds and at least 270 administrative detention orders were served. Palestinian Authority entry). The closure was strengthened in September after threats of attacks by the Islamist opposition group Hamas on Israeli civilians. Israeli security forces destroyed scores of Palestinian houses in the Occupied Territories claiming they had been built without permits. Violent demonstrations occurred in many areas of the Occupied Territories, particularly in May (the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the State of Israel) and in December (calling for the release of political prisoners). During the year attacks continued to be carried out on Palestinians by armed Israeli settlers and on settlers by armed Palestinians. Armed opposition groups targeted civilians in attacks in Jerusalem and elsewhere. A bill regulating the General Security Service (gss) passed its first reading in the Knesset (parliament) in January; the law failed to outlaw the use of torture or ill-treatment. In July the government withdrew a draft law which would have invalidated the majority of compensation claims brought against the Israeli security forces for human rights violations committed in the Occupied Territories (see

52. Diplomaticnet.com Arab women in israel. The main care programs are international advocacy UN/EU,women's human rights program and human and civil rights education programs. http://www.diplomaticnet.com/uk/ongs/categ/

About us Contact us e-mail Collaboration network ... Privacy statement Search All of Diplomaticnet.com Just this category NGOs: (197) Select a category: Select a category International Relations Regional issues Security, Defence and Disarmament International Law International Economy and Trade Development and Cooperation Human Rights and Refugees Environment Education and Culture Nationalisms, minorities and religion Social, demographical and labour issues Technical and scientific cooperation Administration Information Society Results Action Against Hunger Founded in 1979, Action Against Hunger is a non-governmental organization. With Head offices in Paris, Madrid, London and New-York, ACF works in 36 countries around the world on nutrition, health, water and food security. It intervenes through emergency relief operations in situation of war, crisis and famine to bring aid to populations in extreme difficulty. The website provides with the current world mission and inform on collaboration with this NGO. URL: http://www.acf-fr.org/

53. Related Sites Amnesty international (israel Occupied Territories) Amnesty is the Londonbasedinternational NGO that Association for civil rights in israel ACRI is an http://www.shaml.org/links/

Links to External Resources on Palestinian Refugees and Diaspora and C omparative Refugee Studies Migration and Refugee Research Centers International Refugee Issues Refugees in Middle East: Kurdish Studies International Human rights Organizations ... Refugee Camps Migration and Refugee Research C enter s. Euro-Mediterranean Databank for Analysis of International Migration Refugee Studies Programme (University of Oxford) Forced Migration Review (Oxford University) Institute of International Studies ... Forced Migrations and Refugee Studies at the American University reports on refugee situation, legislative information, and organizations providing assistance to refugees in a number of countries: Djibouti, Mauritania, Morocco, Sudan, Turkey, Yemen. Centre for Refugee Studies (York University) The Centre for Refugee Studies is engaged in research on refugee issues; it informs public discussion as well as policy development and practice innovation by international, governmental, advocacy and service organizations; and it supports teaching in refugee and migration studies. FAFO Refugee Working Group: This group, based at

54. Selected Non-Governmental Organizations - Civil Rights: InfoUSA Advocates is a national and international nonprofit democratic institutions, andto support israel's search for movement to fighting for civil rights in three http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/crights/ngo.htm

USA Facts Media Information Technology Education ... Civil Rights Selected Non-Governmental Organizations Click here for help Overviews History Landmark Legislation ... Research Links Selected Non-Governmental Organizations General Alliance for Justice The Alliance for Justice is a national association of environmental, civil rights, mental health, women's, children's and consumer advocacy organizations. Since its inception in 1979, the Alliance has worked to advance the cause of justice for all Americans, strengthen the public interest community's ability to influence public policy, and foster the next generation of advocates. http://www.afj.org/ American Civil Liberties Union The nation's foremost advocate of individual rights educating the public on a broad array of issues affecting individual freedom in the U.S. http://www.aclu.org/ Citizen's Commission on Civil Rights The Citizens' Commission on Civil Rights was founded in 1982 in response to governmental action that put into question the basic foundations of civil rights policy as it had operated since the enactment in the 1960s of laws providing basic protections. The Commission is committed to the revitalization of a progressive civil rights agenda at the national level. Its work is grounded in the belief that such an agenda benefits the entire country, not just particular interest groups. We must continue to struggle together to fight bias and invidious discrimination, to promote equality of opportunity in education, employment, and housing, to promote political and economic empowerment and to guarantee equal treatment in the administration of justice.

55. INTERNATIONAL JURISPRUDENCE ON HOUSING RIGHTS rights claim under the international Covenant on civil and Political CEDAW) monitorsimplementation of and compliance of the international Convention on israel. http://www.cohre.org/lt_body1.htm

International Jurisprudence UNITED NATIONS TREATY BODIES The statements below are taken from the Concluding Observations and views adopted by the relevant United Nations Committees that monitor compliance with the international covenants and conventions that guarantee the right to adequate housing. The concluding observations and views concern countries that are legally bound to comply with the International Covenant on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Such pronouncements are not inconsequential. Once a Committee begins explicitly addressing housing rights issues within States, a broad series of domestic political and legal processes are brought into motion. In some instances, this can lead to favourable changes in national laws and policies, reconsideration of the practice of forced evictions and greater awareness that the international community is concerned about and closely monitors the human rights situation. These can also be used as a source of comparison with your own countries housing rights record, even if they are not explicitly addressed to the circumstances in your country.

56. Nelson - Political Science -Government And Politics On The Web/Introduction To I Canada; Estonia; France; Greece; Hungary; India; Indonesia; Ireland; israel; Japan; statusof ratifications. international Covenant on civil and Political rights http://polisci.nelson.com/introip.html

browserdetect('highered') About Us Contact Us Customer Support Site Map ... Rep Locator Higher Education Instructors Students Bookstores Authors ... Political Science Resource Centre toTitleCase('INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL POLITICS') INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL POLITICS For information directly related to Canada's foreign policy, connect to the Canadian Foreign Policy and National Defence page of Nelson's Canadian Politics on the Web GOVERNMENT FOREIGN RELATIONS DEPARTMENTS Australia Canada Estonia France ... United States INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS The United Nations was founded in 1945 to promote world peace an security. It is governed by the UN Charter and has two principal chambers for international debate and action, the General Assembly and the Security Council , that are supported by the UN Secretariat Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) ... World Health Organization (WHO) Other International Organizations African Union Arab League Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) ... Western European Union International Judicial Bodies Court of Justice of the European Union Inter-American Court of Human Rights International Court of Justice International Criminal Court ... International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

57. Human Rights And Liberties : Unlimited Freedom Of Speech Links to articles, resources, organizations, and primary documents dealing with all facets of human Category Society Issues Human rights and Liberties...... on the General rights of Nationals; israel Basic Law American civil Liberties Union(ACLU); Amnesty international; Australian Human rights and civil rights; http://www.freespeech.org/unlimitedfreedom/civilrights.html

Human Rights and Liberties "You can protect your liberties in this world only by protecting the other man's freedom. You can be free only if I am free." Clarence Darrow Virtual Law Library - Civil Rights Sumeria: Your Rights as a Juror - Your right to acquit someone who is being prosecuted by an unjust law. The Injustice Line - 'A web site devoted to exposing and publicizing injustices.' Positive and Negative Liberties in Three Dimensions ... University of Minnesota Human Rights Library, search page Historical Documents University of Minnesota Human Rights Library, bibliography Primary Source Documents, 500 B.C. to 1800 A.D Brittania, Sources of British History Selection of Historical Documents ... European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms Organizations and Other Web Sites American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) Amnesty International Australian Human Rights and Civil Rights Center for Democracy and Technology (CDT) ... Vietnam Human Rights Network Also try Activism Click here to join the UFoS . The newsletter consists of occasional announcements, forwards, snippets, and commentary from Cliff, but the list is umoderated, so you can expect postings and discussion from other members, too. Hopefully, we are able to cover serious subjects and share opinions, while keeping a sense of humor.. document.write("This page was last modified on "+document.lastModified) Contact

58. Israel: Conscientious Objectors' Rights Denied is often dangerous, but in israel, at present international Poets against the war;Ukraine Bill could Malawi Editor hurt in civil rights riot; Malaysia More http://www.indexonline.org/news/20030110_israel.shtml

indexindex latest news the magazine search ... discussions Index on Censorship at www.indexonline.org You are here: Index on Censorship news 10 January 2003 Most Active Discussion Topics The current issue Inside the Axis of Evil Index 1/03: Index on Censorship . Plus frontline reports from the war of words surrounding humanitarian aid. With new writing by Faleh Jabar Mohammed Khodayr Nilou Mobasser Tadashi Tamaki John Lloyd Caroline Moorehead Aryeh Neier David Rieff Mark Thompson Alex de Waal . Plus a play from Argentina's Theatre of Identity translated by Andrew Graham-Yooll and our regular cartoon from Martin Rowson Subscribe to Index on Censorship Israel: Conscientious objectors Draftees denied the right to principles "The Israeli government's unwillingness to accommodate conscientious objectors cannot be explained purely by the country's need for soldiers. There are many ways to escape military service in Israel, some of them dishonest, others sanctioned by the government. Secular Israelis with moral and political objections to military action enjoy no such options." Human rights legal expert Joanne Mariner examines their plight.

59. MECA's Recommended Web Links The New israel Fund is an international philanthropic partnership of North It supportsactivities and groups in israel that defend civil and human rights http://www.mecaforpeace.org/links.html

Middle East Children's Alliance Recommended Web Links Please email us with requests for additions, corrections or deletions. Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ) which is based in Bethlehem and specializes in studying water and other natural resources in the region. Arabic Electronic Mail Journal Ariga , "A Web Site at the Intersection of Three Continents." Association for Civil Rights in Israel Arab World And Islamic Resources and School Services (AWAIR) Bat Shalom Israeli- Palestinian women peace activists Birzeit University Between the Lines Electronic Intifada a counter to media bias against the Palestinians Flashpoints daily investigative news jounal, regularly covering the Middle East International Center for Peace in the Middle East (ICPME) Handala We want the world to know HANDALA. Ibdaa Cultural Center in Deheisheh Refugee Camp Jewish Voices Against the Occupation Sign a full page ad in the New York Timesm against the Israeli Occupation! MADRE , since 1983, Madre has worked in partnership with community-based women's organizations in conflict areas worldwide to adress issues of health , education, economic development and other human rights. MADRE provides resources and training for our sister organizations and works to empower people in the US to demand changes to unjust policies. MADRE developes programs to meet immediate needs in communities hurt by US policy and supports women's long-term struggles for social justice and human rights. . Publishes an excellent quarterly magazine and engages is several research and study programs.

60. Bad Subjects: International Human Rights Film Festival, Tel Aviv, Israel, And Ra The international Human rights Film Festival that was held in the same event, aswith israel’s independence better than states; we deserve civil communities http://eserver.org/bs/reviews/2000-2-14-8.53PM.html

B A D R E V I E W S International Human Rights Film Festival, Tel Aviv, Israel, and Ramallah, Palestine Various Yael Munk Monday, February 14 2000, 8:53 PM The International Human Rights Film Festival that was held in Tel Aviv and Ramallah in early February can be counted among the very few festivals whose organizers hope will not happen next year. The festival would have no rationale if human rights were to be respected and the Middle East finally become a place, like many other places in the world, where human rights are part of common knowledge and constitution. Meanwhile, it is most relevant for Israel and Palestine. The festival consisted of forty-eight films, most of them documentaries, from various conflicted regions of the world. Most were accompanied by their respective director, who commented and answered audience questions . Two panels were held: one in Tel Aviv and the other in Ramallah. One state and one quasi-state meant two official openings and foreign guests travelling between here and there. The festival organizers - Jerusalem journalist George Kleifi, Palestinian journalist Daoud Kuttab, Israeli producer Osnat Trabelsi, and Alon Garbuz, director of the Tel-Aviv Cinematheque - stressed the importance of opening new communication channels between Israel and Palestine, parallel to those created by their respective governments. Film and video productions shown on both sides of the conflicts could constitute such an alternative channel. Almost all speakers mentioned comparative national experiences, especially the South African experience .

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