1. Italy History Home Page The History of Italy. Updated 10/16/01. Back to History of Italy Index Page.Go to a summary of Italy's Chronology. Back to the Arcaini Home Page. http://www.arcaini.com/ITALY/ItalyHistory/ItalyHistory.html

The History of Italy Since earliest times Italy has been impacted by cultural and political divisions resulting from the country's contrasting geography and by circumstances that made Italy the theatre of many important struggles over power in Europe. I have split the article into different pages to avoid lengthy download time, Click on any period to navigate to the specific page Roman Emperors from 27 B.C. - A.D. 284 Roman Emperors from A.D. 285 - A.D. 500 ... Holy Roman Empire Incl. European Dynasties 962-1946) Rise of the Italian City-States Kingdom of Sicily Italian Unification Napoleonic Era in Italy ... Postwar Italy Credits The Almanac of Record, Millennium Edition Created: November 1996 Updated: Back to History of Italy Index Page Go to a summary of Italy's Chronology Back to the Arcaini Home Page e-mail Questions and Suggestions ... Back To Top You are visitor Number

2. Italy: Celebrate All Things Italian! Books DVDs Videos rental, tuscany vacation, tuscany restaurants,Italy map, italy hotel, rome italy,veniceitaly,italy travel, italy information, italy history, italy vacation E http://www.artviva.com/Books italy general.htm

Books about living and working in Italy and all things Italian ancient Rome Buying a home in Italy Restoring a home in Italy Our List of Books for Celebrating Italy and all things Italian, as well as the best books on living and working in Italy Sprezzatura: 50 Ways Italian Genius Shaped the World by Peter D'Epiro, Mary Desmond Pinkowish We love this little book! Daily Life in Ancient Rome by Florence Dupont, Christopher Woodall (Translator) Book Description About the Author Florence Dupont is Professor of Latin at the University of Nice. Christopher Woodall is a freelance translator and journalist. Living, Studying, and Working in Italy by Monica Larner (Author), Travis Neighbor Ward (Author) The title of Living, Studying and Working in Italy says it all: this book is intended for would-be expatriates with an eye for Italy. The authors have both had extensive experience living and working in the Bel PaeseNeighbor was in Florence for four years while Larner still lives in Rome, where she is a journalist for Business Week. Together they have pooled their experiences and collective knowledge of living abroad to address the practical side of living, working, or studying in Italy. The first thing you might notice about this book is that it lacks references to Italy's great art, popular tourist sites, and best hotels. But remember, this is no ordinary guidebookleave the tourist stuff to others and let Neighbor and Larner take you on a tour of everyday life as an expatriate in Italy. Here you'll find information about taking language courses and teaching English, volunteering for archeological digs, and starting a business. There are plenty of practical tips about visas, banking, residency requirements, andalas!taxes. There are lists of language schools, volunteer opportunities, and internship programs as well as information about freelance, part-time, and full-time employment opportunities. In short, this guidebook extraordinaire might just be an expatriate's best friend in Italy

3. FOCUS On ITALY - History italy history of ITALY. As a nation state, Italy has emerged onlyin 1871. Until then the country was politically divided into a http://www.focusmm.com/italy/ithist_1.htm

HISTORY of ITALY A s a nation state, Italy has emerged only in 1871. Until then the country was politically divided into a large number of independant cities, provinces and islands. The currently available evidences point out to a dominant Etruscan, Greek and Roman cultural influence on today's Italians. T he earliest human settlements within the territory of present-day Italy date almost certainly to the initial phase of the Quaternary era (Pleistocene). This period was characterized by frequent alternation in climatic conditions, with consequent phases of expansion and retreat in the Alpine and Apennine glaciers and relative variations in sea level. W ith the Iron Age Italy and her population practically enter the historical period. Until the end of 5th century A.D. Italy was dominated a number of tribes, and finally the Romans. The last hundred years of the Western Roman Empire, from the second half of the 4th century, coincided with large migrations of Germanic peoples (Visigoths, Vandals, Burgundians, Huns, Heruli, Alemanni etc.) who on different occasions settled within her territories. At the same time economic conditions also reflected the political instability of the imperial government, it deteriorated gradually and was accompanied by a chronic fall in population. I t was in this period that the influence of the Christian church began to make itself felt more consistently. This was in contrast to the progressive orientalization of the Empire, now focused on its new capital of Costantinople, founded by the emperor Constantine between 326-330 on the site of the ancient Greek colony of Byzantium.

4. Italy History First Regimental Commander Former 504th PIR Commanders Key Leaders 504th PIRHistory. New soldiers Section. 1504 Homepage. 3-504 Homepage. 504th Homepage. http://www.bragg.army.mil/AFVC-A/Former_CDRs/OLD_CDRS.HTM

Mission Regimental Commander's BIO Regimental CSM's Biography First Regimental Commander ... 504th Homepage Former Regimental Commanders 504th Commanders 1942-1966 504th Commanders 1968-1978 504th Commanders 1980-1993 504th Commanders 1995-1999 ... Webmaster ALL COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS ARE WELCOME! WARNING OFFICIAL DOD TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM, INCLUDING THIS COMPUTER SYSTEM, ARE SUBJECT TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECURITY MONITORING AT ALL TIMES. USE OF THIS COMPUTER SYSTEM CONSTITUTES CONSENT TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECURITY MONITORING. PLEASE READ OUT WEB SITE Mission Regimental Commander's BIO Regimental CSM's Biography First Regimental Commander ... New soldiers Section Last modified: Tuesday, December 17, 2002

5. Italy History North Africa Sicily - Italy - Holland - France/Belgium - Germany - DominicanRepublic 504th PIR Commanders/ Key Leaders 504th PIR History/ New soldiers http://www.bragg.army.mil/AFVC-A/Unit_History/Italyhistory.htm

Mission Regimental Commander's BIO Regimental CSM's Biography First Regimental Commander ... Gulfwar/Hurricane Andrew/Uphold Democracy The Devils in Italy On 11 September, the 3rd Battalion Headquarters and G and I Companies, along with the remainder of the 325th Combat Team, swerved south and landed on bloody Salerno beach. The military situation deteriorated with each passing hour as German tanks and infantry forces tried to push the unit back into the sea. The 3rd Battalion troopers dug in and held on. On standby at airfields in Sicily, the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the 504th were alerted, issued chutes, and loaded on aircraft without knowledge of their destination. Receiving their briefing aboard the plane, the men were told that the 5th Army beachhead was in danger and they were needed to jump in behind friendly lines. Flying in columns of battalions, they exited over the barrels of gasoline-soaked sand that formed a flaming "T" in the center of the drop zone. The regiment assembled quickly and moved to the sounds of cannon and small arms fire within the hour. By dawn, the unit was firmly set in defensive positions. The days that followed were, in the words of General Mark Clark, Commander of the 5th Army, "responsible for saving the Salerno beachhead." As the 504th (minus 3rd Battalion) took the high ground at Altavilla, the enemy counterattacked and the Commander of 6th Corps, General Dawley, suggested the unit withdraw. Epitomizing the determined spirit of the Regiment, Colonel Tucker vehemently replied, "Retreat, Hell! Send me my other battalion!" The 3rd Battalion then rejoined the 504th, the enemy was repulsed, and the Salerno beachhead was saved.

6. Studying At The Rome Center: Links - Italy History, Art And Architecture italy history, ART AND ARCHITECTURE (including MUSEUMS, EXHIBITS CULTURAL SITES). ITALIAN ART, ARCHITECTURE. Web Gallery of Art http://depts.washington.edu/roma/study/linksitalyhistoryartarch.html

Studying at the Rome Center ARRIVING IN ROME STUDYING AND LIVING ROME STUDENT MAIL AT THE ROME CENTER COMPUTER USE AT THE ROME CENTER ... BACK ITALY: HISTORY, ART AND ARCHITECTURE ITALIAN ART, ARCHITECTURE Web Gallery of Art: http://gallery.euroweb.hu Art in Italian Churches: http://gallery.euroweb.hu/database/churches/italy.html Brancacci Chapel: http://giubileo.comune.fi.it/en/frame.htm Leonardo da Vinci: http://www.leonet.it/comuni/vinci World arts resources: http://www.world-arts-resources.com World heritage list: http://www.unesco.org/whc/heritage.htm Art of Engraving: http://www.engrart.com Italian piazzas: http://www.mediasoft.it/piazze/ Italian Buildings: http://www.GreatBuildings.com/places/italy.html http://www.thais.it/default_uk.htm Photos of Italy: http://www.planetware.ca/photos/PHI.HTM Settimo (Torino) photos: http://www.biblio.comune.settimo-torinese.to.it/sif Photos of Italy: http://www.jeffcurto.com HISTORY Medioevo Web Site (medieval Italy): http://www.medioevo.ws

7. Italy History - Introduction Geography People Government Economy Communications italy history Introduction Geography Population Government Economy CommunicationsTransportation Military Issues Maps Flags. Support our Sponsor http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/italy/italy_history_index.html

2001 INDEX 2000 INDEX 1999 INDEX 1998 INDEX ... [TOP] Italy History Index http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/italy/italy_histlry_index.html PREHISTORIC ITALY From the Stone Age to the Iron Age ANCIENT ITALY Introduction Greek and Etruscan Colonization Roman Civilization The Republic ... The Empire MEDIEVAL ITALY Introduction The Lombards and Charlemagne The Feudal System The Free Communes THE RENAISSANCE Developments in Trade and Industry The Origins of the Modern State FOREIGN DOMINATION The Spanish and French TOWARDS THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT Economy, Society and Culture ITALY UNDER NAPOLEON The End Of The 18th Century THE RISORGIMENTO The Advent of the Monarchy The Unification of Italy MODERN ITALY The Colonies The Problem of Southern Italy The First World War ITALY BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS Fascism THE REPUBLIC Postwar Reconstruction Developments and Problems in Recent Years Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - http://www.photius.com/wfb2001/italy/italy_history_index.html Photius Coutsoukis Revised 11-Nov-01

8. Italy History - Introduction Geography People Government Economy Communications italy history Introduction Geography Population Government Economy CommunicationsTransportation Military Issues Maps Flags. -Back to italy history Index. http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/italy/medieval.html

Italy HISTORY Index Country Ranks Maps Flags ... [TOP] http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/italy/italy_histlry_index.html <-Back to Italy HISTORY Index MEDIEVAL ITALY

9. Italy History ITALY. Italy's The powers in Europe, including Austria, Spain, andFrance, all tried to extend their dominion to Italy. Napoleon http://www.nationbynation.com/Italy/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT ... ITALY Italy's forebears, the Romans, dominated the known Western world from about 500 years before Christ until the fifth century A.D. In the fourth century, the empire began to falter when it was divided between Rome and Byzantium. While the Byzantine empire strengthened, Rome suffered waves of barbarian assaults which led to its functional dissolution into small nobilities and independent cities. These city-states eventually achieved considerable power. Venice and Genoa came to control the seas, while Florence and Sienna became wealthy through agriculture and commerce. This wealth provided the underpinnings for the Renaissance which bloomed between the 13th and 15th centuries. The powers in Europe, including Austria, Spain, and France, all tried to extend their dominion to Italy. Napoleon set up a Kingdom of Italy (as a French satellite) but his death resulted in t return to the old situation with Austria dominating in the north. In the 19th century, nationalism began to stir and another Kingdom of Italy was brought about by Garibaldi and di Cavour in 1861. It was strong enough to take Venice from Austria and absorb the Papal States in 1870. Though the country was united in land, old divisions died hard: church and state, urban industry versus rural agriculture, north against south. In World War I, Italy joined the Allies but the cost was high: more than a million dead and immense suffering. The post-war period fostered the rise of Fascism, as Italians dealt with economic problems, fear of communism, and ineffectual government. Mussolini was invited by the king to take over the reins of government in 1922. He quickly became despotic. and joined with Hitler in the Axis. World War Ii was a disaster for Italy, which suffered from Allied attacks beginning in 1943. Mussolini was deposed in 1943 King Victor Emmanuel III ordered his arrest but Hitler saved him. Mussolini proceeded tos et up another Fascist regime in the north, while the south, having prudently switched sides, welcomed the Allied forces as liberators. In 1946, the country voted to abolish the monarchy but republican politics have brought an astonishing 50-plus governments to power since the end of the war. Only in the 1990s have significant political reforms been enacted to bring more stability and effectiveness to government.

10. Italy Romantic Italian Vacations, Honeymoons, Cruises italy history. Italy became a nationstate belatedly - in 1861 when the city-statesof the peninsula and Sicily were united under King Victor EMMANUEL. http://www.europeanvacationguide.com/Italy_History.html

European Luxury Tours, Luxury Vacations, Luxury Cruises European Vacation Guide: Romantic European Vacations European Luxury Vacations, Travel, Tours and Cruise Consultants Experience the essence of luxury travel and our uncompromising service! Other Places in Europe Albania Andorra Austria ... Mediterranean Guide Italy: History Italy became a nation-state belatedly - in 1861 when the city-states of the peninsula and Sicily were united under King Victor EMMANUEL. The Fascist dictatorship of Benito MUSSOLINI that took over after World War I led to a disastrous alliance with Nazi Germany and Italian defeat in World War II. Revival followed. Italy was a charter member of NATO and the European Economic Community (EEC) and joined the growing political and economic unification of Western Europe, including the introduction of the euro in 1999. Persistent problems include illegal immigration, the ravages of organized crime, corruption, high unemployment, and the low incomes and technical standards of southern Italy compared with the more prosperous north. Italy Overview Italy History Italy Culture Italy Geography ... Italy Tour Vacation Packages Other Places in Italy Alicudi Amalfi Coast Fiesole ... World's Hottest Romantic Honeymoon Destinations With us you enjoy the benefits of our exclusive agreements with the world's leading luxury cruise lines, luxury hotels and luxury tour companies. This brings you unsurpassed value in the world of upscale travel, including outstanding amenities such as complimentary upgrades, privileged access opportunities and private events at many top international and domestic destinations.

11. Italy Heaven: Italy History History of Italy. History is everywhere in Italy, steeped into thesurroundings and the consciousness of the country to a degree http://www.italyheaven.co.uk/history.html

Italy Heaven: Plan your dream holiday in Italy Italy Heaven Italy Home About Italy Get there Accommodation ... Special offers History of Italy History is everywhere in Italy, steeped into the surroundings and the consciousness of the country to a degree that can amaze those from other lands. The first major civilisation to have left its remains for modern tourists to admire was that of the Etruscans. Perceived nowadays as a 'mysterious' people, as we know relatively little about them, the Etruscans were a sophisticated people who traded throughout the the Mediterranean from their base in Central Italy. Their carefully-constructed, highly-decorated cities of the dead can be visited in Tuscany and Lazio. While the Etruscans thrived to the north, the Greeks occupied the southern tip of Italy, which became known as Magna Grecia. Impressive Greek temples still stand at the sites of some of their former colonies in Sicily and other parts of the south. Dislodging both the Etruscans and the Greeks, a small kingdom from near the sea in the centre of Italy began increasing in power. From relatively humble beginnings (later elevated into romantic mythology), ancient Rome took control of most of the known world. When it outgrew its kings, Rome became a Republic, and following that, an Empire. Extensive traces of the Roman Empire can be seen through Europe, the Middle East and Africa, but there can be little to compare with the power of seeing the ruins of the Forum in Rome, the heart of all that power, glory and myth.

12. Basic Search Great Britain History ; United States History ; World War, 19141918 ; France History1789-1799, Revolution ; France History ; italy history ; Germany History http://intra.trinity.wa.edu.au/webopac/default.asp?n=s&c=ITALY HISTORY

13. CyberSpace Search! SEARCH THE WEB. Results 1 through 6 of 6 for italy history. http://www.cyberspace.com/cgi-bin/cs_search.cgi?Terms=italy history

14. IExplore - Italy History, IExplore Italy Travel - Travel Italy GUARANTEED! italy history of Italy Some say that the people of Italy have civilizedEurope twice, once in ancient times and again after the Middle Ages. http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Italy/History

dateString = 1082316814; Keyword Search: Home Explore Europe Italy History E-mail this page Keyword Search Help Italy Travel and Trips Overview The Essentials Where to Go ... Health and Vaccinations Contact Us We're here to help you book your next vacation, 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. (US Central Time) Monday-Friday. Call 1-800-iExplore Price Guarantee Our promise: You won't find any of our trips at a lower price anywhere. iExplore offers the best value in adventure and experiential travel... GUARANTEED! Italy History of Italy Though it gave Europe a vision of cultural unity, Italy itself only achieved political unity in 1870. Before then, modern-day Italy was a collection of squabbling kingdoms, dukedoms, city-states and papal states often dominated by outside forces. Although currently unified under the government in Rome, the country is still divided into 20 distinct regions, each with its own landscape, history, dialects, artistic styles, foods and architecture. For many visitors, it is Italy's diversity that lends the country its most distinctive charms. -Related Information- Trip Search See Trips to Italy Experts Meet our Europe expert Rosemary Burki Italy Travelers' Reviews asmith@iexplore.com

15. 504 - Italy History italy history (View the map). Most men of the 504 were reluctant toleave their newfound home in Sicily; grapes were ripe for one http://home.hawaii.rr.com/pir504/italy.html

Italy History View the map Most men of the 504 were reluctant to leave their new-found home in Sicily; grapes were ripe for one thing, the language was much easier than the thousand and one Arab dialects encountered in Africa, and then the Sicilians, who were firmly convinced that their homeland was now an "American Island", were quite willing to show their new bosses a good time. An order from Fifth Army headquarters, however, returned the regiment to Kairouan, North Africa, where it became immediately evident that another parachute mission was in the wind. Replacements were absorbed by the companies, training was resumed, and the 3rd Battalion was once again detached from the regiment - this time they were sent to Bizerte for special beach assault training with the Rangers and the 325th Glider Infantry. Orders soon came for the 504 to return to Sicily; a more suitable jumping-off place for the invasion of Italy. They again boarded planes in Africa and flew, this time undisturbed by enemy and friendly flak, to Comiso, and Trapani, Sicily. Weeks of preparation for a jump at Capua, briefings, tiny scale models of the proposed drop zone expertly carved by former German toy makers - were forgotten. The mission to Capua had been cancelled; the enemy had been warned and was waiting on the DZ.

16. 504 - Italy History, Page 10 italy history, Page 10 (View the map). As the LSTs loaded with paratroopersgot under way, the Germans were dropping shells into http://home.hawaii.rr.com/pir504/italy10.html

Italy History, Page 10 View the map As the LSTs loaded with paratroopers got under way, the Germans were dropping shells into the harbor, as though in some final frantic gesture to keep the 504 from leaving; like a murderer's last stab at his executioner. This had been a costly campaign for the 504 - but ten times as costly for the enemy. During the eight-week period, 120 paratroopers were killed, 410 wounded, and 60 missing in action. Many lessons had been learned at Anzio, and many men had been lost. It was a good place to bid farewell. After one uneventful night on the water, the small convoy turned in toward the coast and before long the port of Pozzuoli, from which the regiment had sailed on the mission to Anzio, hove into sight. The big LSTs nudged their noses up to the beach, dropped their ramps, and the already entrucked troops rolled out onto land again. Bagnoli, the bivouac area, was but fifteen minutes from the heart of Naples by way of the local railway system and was the site of the projected Italian World's Fair. Many fine buildings, statues, and other architectural features typical of this type of exhibition were in evidence. The 504 was quartered in the modern, and only recently constructed Italian University for the education of Ethiopian students. The buildings of the university were spacious and an excellent example of modern Italian designing. Once firmly ensconced in their quarters at the university, the regiment fell into a daily routine which for the most part, consisted of very light training, turning in equipment, and taking off for Naples at every opportunity. General Clark reviewed the regiment at a ceremony held in honor of the 3rd Battalion and presented Col. Freeman, the battalion commander, with a Presidential Unit Citation for the battalion's outstanding performance at Carroceto.

17. Vicalvi, Italy History Vicalvi italy history Click on maps for full size version (180 k files),Vicalvi, italy history Download from Internet site www.flashnet http://www.endex.com/gf/family/vicalvi/vicstoria.html

Vicalvi Italy History Click on maps for full size version (180 k files) Vicalvi, Italy History Download from Internet site www.flashnet.it and translated: Castled on high ground that dominates the Western end of the Valley of Comino, Vicalvi is an ancient center of Samnite origin. Ancient Cominium has been recorded at some length, but the research on more recent history in the Comino Valley is lacking. Following Roman occupation, Vicalvi was dominated by the Longobardi until 856, under whose rule the Abbey of Montecassino was built, about 30 km South of Vicalvi. Vicalvi is built on a rock outcropping, its profile dominated by the imposing massive structure of the longobardo castle of the XII century. In the XVI century, during the war for dominance of the Italian peninsula, this impregnable fortress housed the troops of emperor Charles V during battle against Francis, the king of France. Its name derives from "Vicus Albus" that is white village, for the characteristic shade of its native sand. from "North of Naples, South of Rome"; by Paolo Tullio:

18. Italy History - Italian History History, Versione Italiana. The battle of Trasimeno • Voto 6 (1)• Vota In the steps of Hannibal at the scene of the battle. http://www.italiaplease.com/eng/category/imagine/history/

NEW: Viareggio Dino burgers on the Adda DIARY - Baroque painting in Genoa , a unique exhibition ... SNAPSHOT Mount Etna erupts! INTERACTIVE Forum Read our hints and tips in your email. Chat to lovers of all things Italian Listen to the best of Italian music Spread the word Send us a link THE SURVIVOR'S GUIDE Italy by book Driving in Italy Travel queries on Internet italiaplease ... The battle of Trasimeno • Voto: 6 (1) • Vota In the steps of Hannibal at the scene of the battle. The Battle of Anghiari • Voto: 6 (1) • Vota Anghiari is famous for a battle fought and won on its territory on Wednesday 29th June 1440 by the Florentine Republic led by Micheletto Attendolo and Giampaolo Orsini against the Milanese army led by Niccol Piccinino. AncientSites Tour: Theater of Marcellus • Voto: 6 (1) • Vota 3D computer model of the Theatre of Marcellus.It has been a fairly time consuming reconstruction of mine based on old drawings and the remnants of the original Theatre. Virtual Caesarea Marittima • Voto: 6 (1) • Vota The city Herod dedicated to the province, the harbour to navigators in these waters, to Caesar the glory of this new foundation, to which he accordingly gave the name of Caesarea

19. Italy History Home, http://www.interlinkbooks.com/Italy_History.html

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20. Italy History Chaney introduction by Harold Acton A Traveller’s Companion to Venice edited andintroduced by John Julius Norwich A Traveller's History of Italy by Valerio http://www.interlinkbooks.com/Italy_History_Text.html

Mussolini and Fascism by Marco Palla A Traveller's Companion to Florence edited by Edward Chaney introduction by Harold Acton edited and introduced by John Julius Norwich A Traveller's History of Italy by Valerio Lintner

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