61. We Native People Of America Are People Of Peace And Reconciliation. Europeans was very similar to our native Families here In the far north, Uddern, theMother of Lightning and overrunning and conquering all the peoples of the http://www.sacredpath.org/html/events/religion003.htm

"WE NATIVE PEOPLE OF AMERICA ARE PEOPLE OF PEACE AND RECONCILIATION" by Hyemeyohsts Storm Author of "Seven Arrows" Dear Cody and Robin, (and Every one) Please do not be afraid or saddened by the words of religious hate mongers. "Witch" hunts and Inquisitions, the spread of fear and hate is not the answer for my People. And I might quickly add that no three or four people with a violent chip on their shoulder represents the Sioux Nation. People who ask for war are not people of peace. And a "Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality" would have to be first leveled against the Sioux themselves because it is the Sioux Peace Makers, who have encouraged people to Respect Sacred Mother Earth. And, I might quickly add that it is again the Sioux who go out among the "white man" to speak of their traditions. Sioux Chiefs have taught people to pray in the "sweat lodge" and now that people pray in the "sweat lodge" they are condemned for it very strange. And why is there a Them and Us? "Divide and conquer" methods are not all that fashionable in America. Fools Crow never preached that there was an Us and Them. He tried to bring Americans together with America.

62. Natives In Eastern North America the Gulf have been found as far north as Ontario. native peoples in Ontario farmedcorn, beans and squash, and The Iroquoian peoples of Ontario, Quebec and New http://www.interlog.com/~gilgames/ontnat.htm

Craig Space Historia : Natives in Eastern North America Natives in Eastern North America Ancient Ontario A map showing the extent of Missippian cultural influence at the height of the Mississippian civilizations, ca. A.D. 1200-1500. Modern archaeological sites and modern Toronto are noted. The tip of Southern Ontario is circled. Modified from "Atlas of Ancient Archaeology", by Jacquetta Hawkes, Page 234 From the period about A.D. 600 until 1500, southern Ontario was on the fringe of the great Mississippian and South-Eastern agricultural civilizations. The ancestors of the Iroquoian peoples probably settled in this area at a very early period. Ancient Ontarians: Economy and Culture Copper was mined north of Lake Superior and in the interior of the province, and traded as far away as the American south and the Gulf of Mexico. Seashells from the Gulf have been found as far north as Ontario. Native peoples in Ontario farmed corn, beans and squash, and supplemented their diets with fish, shellfish, wild game and other foods. Though they had very large villages and towns, this area probably functioned as a distant fringe of the great Mid-American mound-building societies. The settlements of these ancient peoples in southern Ontario seem to have been fairly mobile. They would cut down a patch of forest for farming, and then move on. These ancient Ontarians left many remains all over the province. We know a lot about their settlement patterns. They often buried their dead in identifiably characteristic patterns. First, the bodies would be buried. Later, their bones would be re-interred in secondary graves, also called ossuaries. These are found all over southern Ontario. There are several earthen mound complexes in various parts of the province, as well, though their purposes are unknown.

63. Meeting Of Frontiers: Colonization - Meeting Of Peoples and mining, brought thousands of Mexicans north looking for The native peoples ofSiberia spoke a great variety of to the Chukchi of the far northeast, who http://memory.loc.gov/intldl/mtfhtml/mfcolony/colmulti.html

Meeting of Peoples Russian Colonization Russian Migration American Migration ... Cossacks and Cowboys Gallery Sioux Chinese in America For More Items Pueblo Cultures Indians of the West Nanai (Goldi) Bashkirs ... Chukchi Frontiers were not regions of unidirectional settlementthe great opportunity that they offered attracted diverse people from various directions, who helped to create multicultural societies, although often with ethnic and racial conflict and violence. The original native residents, who saw these areas as homelands and not frontiers, persisted and also contributed to the regional diversity. America In America, despite devastation by war, disease, and land grabbing, Native Americans continued to exert a strong presence in the West. Western tribes ranged over a great diversity of landscapes and economies, from desert-dwelling farmers such as the Hopi to the numerous sea-faring, hunting, and fishing cultures of the Pacific Northwest to the great buffalo hunters of the plains, the Sioux. Some tribes also disappeared, or came to the brink of extinction, due to the pressures of colonization. The Yahi Indians of California, for example, were pushed from their lands, killed by white settlers, and finally disappeared when Ishi, the last Yahi, died of tuberculosis in 1916. Mexicans lived in large numbers in the Southwest before it became a part of the United States. In the nineteenth century, Mexicans and Mexican Americans often worked as cowboys. In the twentieth century, Mexicans became the largest ethnic minority among workers in the West. The high labor demands of extractive industries, especially farming, transportation, and mining, brought thousands of Mexicans north looking for economic opportunity.

64. Ancient People In The Americas that people traveled from Asia to north America along the share a common ancestorwith the native peoples who now believe that it would be farfetched at http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/kman/ancientpeoples.htm

Kennewick Man Virtual Exhibit Introduction Chronology of Events Who are Native Americans? Ancient People in the Americas The Idea of Race Native American Views Anthropologist's Views Kennewick Man at the Burke ... Kennewick Man Site Home Ancient People in the Americas Theories About The Bering Strait By the late 1800s, most scholars had accepted a theory that people first migrated to the Americas from Asia across a "Bering Strait Land Bridge," and some believed this had occurred 4,000 to 6,000 years ago. The "land bridge" (a vast area now usually called Beringia) became available several times in the last 70,000 years due to huge drops in sea level during the Ice Age. Since the late 1950s, scholars have known through radiocarbon dating that people have been in the Americas for at least 11,500 years. The most recent research suggests that the times of entry were likely far earlier than 11,500 years ago. This map shows the way the Americas appeared from 10,000 to 12,500 years ago, and the land connection, Beringia, between Asia and North America, as well as the location of important ancient archaeological sites that date from this period.

65. Eastern Woodland Indians : Northeastern Indians Bibliography The Penobscots lived in the far northeastern corner of the north American Indians;An Introduction to the Lives of America's native peoples, from the Inuit http://falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/indnorth.htm

Eastern Woodland Indians: Northeastern Indians Bibliography By Inez Ramsey The Northern Maize (Corn) Area extended from southern New England and Maryland to the Lower Missouri River. These peoples practiced agriculture and were hunters and fishermen. Some tribes included the Iroquois [Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca Indians]; the Huron, the Lenni-Lenape [Delaware]. The Penobscots lived in the far northeastern corner of the United States [Maine, Vermont, etc.]. The Ojibwa, Winnebago, Algonquin and Potawatomi Indians lived in the north central part of the U.S. in the Great Lakes Area [Superior, Erie] The Fox, Sauk and Menomini tribes also lived in this area. Tribes in this area had wild rice as a staple in their diets. For availability information check visit your school or public library or Amazon Books Biography. Juvenile Fiction. Juvenile Nonfiction. Juvenile Bierhorst, John. The Woman Who Fell from the Sky; The Iroquois Story of Creation Ill. by Robert Parker. Morrow, 1993. Rev. in Bklst. Challenging work for ages 5 to 9. Wonderful imagery. Bruchac, Joseph.

66. Native American Texans never were a single culture; they were much more diverse than the peoples of Europe Othernomadic groups lived inland to the west and north as far as present http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/publications/texansoneandall/nativeamerican.ht

67. What Does It Mean To Be Native? - JPC How then, as nonindigenous peoples, do we become native to I know how far north thesun sets at midsummer, and This, then, is how we become native to the land http://www.jpc-artworks.com/earthspirit/articles/native.html

What Does It Mean to be Native? The Spirit of Place Practice of the Wild At Home on the Earth Using the word native My studies of the Celtic goddesses and myths of my own ancestral heritage have been rich. But a problem arose for me when I realized the obvious: that I don't live in the land of my ancestors. I live here, in North America. More specifically I live in the Pacific Northwest, the Cascadia Bioregion, part-time in an inland second-growth forest and part-time on an island in the San Juan archipelago. As I fell more and more in love with the land where I live, I learned the stories and myths of the first peoples who lived here. At the same time I began my naturalist studies. It became very meaningful to me to compare the myths of my Celtic heritage with the myths of the Northwest, especially the stories of the plants and animals who live in both places (like the magical hawthorn tree and the salmon of wisdom). How then, as non-indigenous peoples, do we become native to the land where we live? Notes 1. Loren Cruden

68. Far North Crossword Puzzle A large rabbit that makes living in the far north a habit A measurement of how farone has traveled so that The original ones whom all other peoples descend from http://nativeamericanrhymes.com/crosswords/inuitcross.htm

Far North Crossword Puzzle Please print this page ACROSS 1. The imaginary line around the Earth that surrounds its girth. 2. An area where weather remains a certain way for long periods of the night and day. 3. Small bird that abounds in the Far North the whole year round. 4. An area where Inuits reside that is now part of the United States' pride. 5. A familiar shape that in winter dotted the Far North's landscape. 6. Name for the type of weather that keeps an area all together. 7. A sleek and powerful swimmer who makes breathing holes in the ice, as the weather grows dimmer. 8. A word that people have on been sold that describes a place of extreme cold. 9. The teeth of a walrus, which grow quite long, are made of this substance very strong. 10. A game played by child and adult alike to help pass away the long winter nights. 11. The flakes that in the wintertime falls covering everything, covering all. 12. A word that's as opposite as opposite can be from solar in our vocabulary. 13. Inuits living in the west liked this material to build their home the best.

69. The Desert Tortoise And Early Peoples Of The Western Deserts By Joan S. Schneide of the diets of the majority of the prehistoric peoples of the CM Aikens, and JL Fagan(eds.), Early Human Occupation in far Western north America the http://www.tortoise-tracks.org/publications/schneider.html

Desert Tortoise Preserve Committee THE DESERT TORTOISE AND EARLY PEOPLES OF THE WESTERN DESERTS by Joan S. Schneider, Ph.D. Department of Anthropology, University of California, Riverside Riverside, California 92521, USA A Special Report prepared for the Desert Tortoise Preserve Committee, Inc. March 1996 On the cover : Cahuilla Basketry Bowl made with natural and dyed juncus on a deergrass foundation with a tortoise or turtle motif, circa 1927. Collected at the Torres-Martinez Reservation, near Indio, California by Ira Caswell. In the collection of the Palm Springs Desert Museum. The basket is 15.7 centimeters (cm) or 6.2 inches (in) in diameter and 7.5 cm (3 in) high. THE DESERT TORTOISE AND EARLY PEOPLES OF THE WESTERN DESERTS Desert tortoises ( Gopherus Xerobates agassizii have been inhabitants of the Mojave and Colorado deserts of North America since Ice Age times.' When people arrived on the scene, they interacted with tortoises in several ways: they noted their way of life, they found household and ritual uses for them, and they ate them. The past and present importance of desert tortoises to native peoples is reflected in the many archaeological sites that contain the physical remains of tortoises (bones and shell fragments), in native languages and oral traditions, and in media of artistic and symbolic expression. THE IMPORTANCE OF DESERT TORTOISES TO EARLY PEOPLES Archaeological, ethnographic, and historical data, gathered from many sources, have allowed a reconstruction of the ways that desert tortoises were important to the early peoples of the deserts. The archaeological record indicates that tortoises were used as early as 9,500 years ago

70. The Montgomery Gallery > Native American Cultures whites and native peoples, there was far more cultural time or another on the NorthAmerican continent The hunting and gathering peoples of California produced http://www.pomona.edu/ADWR/Museum/collection/nativeamerican/cultures.shtml

TITLE IMAGE: Magdalena Augustine Chemehuevi, Great Basin Large Basket Juncus, deergrass and sumac IMAGES IN TEXT: Mrs. Castillo Cahuilla band of the Mission Indians, Californian Basket Juncus and deer grass Unknown Artist Hohokam, Southwestern Jar , c. 700-900 Clay, slip and paint NATIVE AMERICAN Native American Cultures A knowledge of Native American art must encompass the great diversity of Native American cultures. It is impossible to formulate a single concept of the "average" Native American. At the time of the first contact between whites and native peoples, there was far more cultural and linguistic variety in North America than in Europe, and much of that diversity continues today. (Approximately 30 languages are still in use, classified into 6 major groups.) It is believed that as many as 600 distinct native cultures may have existed at one time or another on the North American continent. That Native American art reflects this great variety is immediately evident from a study of this collection. The hunting and gathering peoples of California produced a basketry art Just as they adapted their lives to their available resources, Native Americans employed these resources to create their art. Through this link, artifacts become mirrors that reflect the activities and environments of the native peoples who made them. But Native American art is far from static; many cultures continue to thrive. Today's artists pull from their rich history of tribal art, as well as the events and ideas of contemporary society, to produce vibrant and relevant art. An examination of Pomona's collection offers insight to the lives and creative processes of these artists, while it reveals the masterful craftsmanship of their superb works of art.

71. Arctic Circle Exploring The Past these two subdivisions occurs at Unalakleet, just north of the strong Asian roots,particularly among the Chukchispeaking peoples of far northeast Siberia. http://arcticcircle.uconn.edu/HistoryCulture/journey.html

Exploring the Past: An archeological journey Norman Chance Still, archeologists have much to offer in interpreting these fragments of the human adventure. And we can utilize as well one of their guiding principles, cultural ecology and its correlary, adaptation . Without such a principle, these prehistoric detectives would simply be presenting us with a conglomeration of unrelated facts. With such a clarifying paradigm, we gain contextual meaning - an essential feature of any serious inquiry. This approach is especially germane to studies of the Circumpolar North, for as every North American school-age child knows, the Arctic has always served as a natural laboratory, testing the northerner's ability to survive in a severe environment. Given these environmental limitations, present day Inuit have met this challenge with ingenuity and skill. Yet they followed long after the first inhabitants of the region. These earlier humans entered the New World by way of Beringia, an intercontinental land 'bridge' half the width of the United States connecting the region of Bering Strait with Siberia. We know little of human antiquity in this northern sector of the Old World, although archeological remains from the Lake Baikal region of the Trans-Baikal date as far back as 13,000 to 25,000 years ago. The residents of the Russian steppe-tundra were not northern reminants of Ice Age neanderthals, but contemporary

72. Siberia's Chukchi & Neighboring Peoples - From WorkingDogWeb.com Rock Art in Russian far East Siberia a window on ancient cultures. EskimoPeoples of north America including archaeology, history. http://www.workingdogweb.com/Chukchi.htm

Go to W D W HOME Siberia's Chukchi A Service of Working Dog Web© Read our BookReviews ORDER The Shaman's Coat: A Native History of Siberia C hukchi T heir Neighbors C hukchi Evironment N eighbors' Environment T he Chukchi are the native Siberians of the Chukchi Peninsula, also called Chukotka, the far northeast corner of Siberia. Chukotka is region of Asia separated from Alaska at the Bering Strait. The Chukchi are both coastal hunters of sea mammals and interior reindeer breeders and herders. Dogs played a role in the historic cultures of both groups. Who are the Chukchi ? Here are resources from anthropological and historical research on the native peoples of Siberia, useful in a search for an answer. CLICK ABOVE to browse our dog bookstore - thanks! ORDER Antler on the Sea: The Yup'ik and Chukchi of the Russian Far East ORDER Raven and the Rock: Storytelling in Chukotka ORDER Drawing Shadows to Stone: Photography of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition ORDER A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990 ORDER East of the Sun: The Epic Conquest and Tragic History of Siberia ORDER Siberian Survival: The Nenets and Their Story ORDER Ancient People of the Arctic ORDER Ancient Encounters: Kennewick Man and the First Americans ORDER In Search of Ice Age Americans The Chukchi of Northeast Siberia Top Arctic People including the Chukchi and the Yup'ik , the Eskimo people of Siberia and southwest Alaska, from Arctic Connection

73. New Books On Indians - February 1995 ABORIGINAL peoples AND NATURAL RESOURCES IN CANADA ON THE MOUNTAIN ; TRADITIONAL NATIVEAMERICAN STORIES NATIVES OF THE far north ALASKA'S VANISHING CULTURE http://www.nativeculture.com/lisamitten/books295.html

Here is the latest in an interrupted series of postings of new books on Native Americans received by the University of Pittsburgh's Hillman Library. Books on Native Americans Received by the University of Pittsburgh Library System February 1995 Loaded May 24, 1995 NATIVE AMERICA : PORTRAIT OF THE PEOPLES / edited by Duane Champagne.Detroit : Visible Ink Press, 1994. NATIVE AMERICAN VOICES / David A. Rausch. Grand Rapids, MI : Baker Books, 1994. 1492 - 1992: COMMEMORATING 500 YEARS OF INDIGENOUS RESISTANCE : A COMMUNITY READER. Santa Cruz, CA : Resource Center for Nonviolence, 1992. INDIAN LIVES : PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD FROM THE CIVIL WAR TO WOUNDED KNEE / Ulrich W. Hiesinger. New York; Munich : Prestel, 1994. MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF CALIFORNIA AND THE OLD SOUTHWEST / Katherine Berry Judson. Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press, 1994. ABORIGINAL PEOPLES AND NATURAL RESOURCES IN CANADA / Claudia Notzke. North York, ON : Captus University Publications, 1994. FACE PULLERS : PHOTOGRAPHING NATIVE CANADIANS, 1971-1939 / Brock V. Silversides. Saskatoon, SK : Fifth House Publishers, 1994.

74. East Asian Studies 210--Intro To Nomadic Cultures--Fall 2000 Russians in Alaska and the north Pacific Read pp. The oldest aborigines of the farEast Nivkh and Ainu Tungusic peoples of the far East Negidal, Nanai, Ulchi http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ea210/schedule.htm

EA210 Homepage Vajda's Homepage INTRODUCTION TO NOMADIC CULTURES Fall Quarter 2002 Schedule M,T,W,F 1:00-1:50 (no Thursday lectures) Syllabu s Maps Course Materials ... Study Guides Week of: Sept 25 Sept 30 Oct 7 Oct 14 ... Dec 2 ~Week 1~ Sept. 25 - Wednesday Introduction: The physical geography of North and Middle Asia Read: pp. 6-10; also look over M Physical map of Northern Eurasia ; memorize all features listed; and M Area Map . Also take a look at the M Political map of northern Eurasia today . Learn the information on these and other assigned maps as soon as possible, since these names will continually appear in the readings and lectures. Sept. 27 - Friday Native Siberian prehistory. Learn information on M Geological Chronology and information on M World Culture Ages. ~Week 2~ Sept. 30 - Monday The Origins of Pastoral Nomadism Read M on Pastoralism (best read after the lecture) Oct. 1 - Tuesday

75. KENNEWICK MAN: As the ice gradually retreated northwards peoples living south of the ice would havemoved north at a far faster rate than anyone could have moved south http://cougar.ucdavis.edu/nas/faculty/forbes/personal/kennwick.html

KENNEWICK MAN: In July 1996 a skeleton was found in the shallows of the Oregon (now Columbia) River near Kennewick, Washington. Tentatively dated at 9,200 bp (before the present), the remains represent one of the oldest Americans found thus far. We could call him "Ilip" (Elder) in the Chinook Intertribal Language of the Pacific Northwest, but since each nation has its own name let us stick with Kennewick. A great deal of misinformation has been circulated about Kennewick Man. Let us try to get at some facts of legal as well as ethical significance. First, it is virtually certain that Kennewick Man was an ancestor for most or all of us who are today known as Native Americans. It is normal for an adult person to have produced descendants. If Kennewick Man had descendants at the conservative rate of two per each generation, then this American Ancestor would have had some 64 million grandchildren (statistically speaking) within 650 years and 128 million by 675 years (if we figure each generation at a conservative 25 years and if each grandchild averaged two children). After 775 years Kennewick's descendants could number some 2 billion Americans, a number far exceeding any known estimate for the maximum population of Americans before 1492. What this means, of course, is that Kennewick's descendants intermarried with each other after a few centuries had elapsed. The number of Kennewick's descendants today could be astronomical, theoretically in the mega-trillions, thus virtually ensuring that all of us of indigenous American ancestry are descendants. (We are not necessarily descendants in the direct male or female lines, and thus we may not have the same DNA as Kennewick, nor will we necessarily resemble him since we will have had many other ancestors as well. As recently as the year 1480 I had 32,000 statistical ancestors, born of 64,000 parents born of 128,000 grandparents! Since our ancestors double statistically every 25 or so years, one can imagine how many ancestors each of us had 9,000 years ago, a number so great that it must statistically include every American Ancestor then living in the Americas! Of course, if our ancestors married other ancestors, then that number will be reduced).

76. Awesome Library - Social_Studies Delaware River Valley from Cape Henlopen, Delaware north to include So far as is known,this was their only encounter Though all of these peoples have chosen http://www.awesomelibrary.org/Classroom/Social_Studies/Multicultural/Native_Amer

Awesome Talking Library Examples ... U.S. Department of Peace Here: Home Classroom Social Studies Multicultural > Native American Groups Native American Groups Also Try Ancient Native Americans Native American Languages Native Americans Papers Abenaki Word Lists (Cowasuck.org) Provides lessons on Abenaki. Algonkin Nation History (First Nations) "If for no other reason, the Algonkin would be famous because their name has been used for the largest native language group in North America." 2-00 Algonquian Languages (YourDictionary.com) Provides sources of information. Anasazi - Architecture (Scoop) Provides 3-d views of the Kiva, structures for meetings of the ancient Anasazi Native Americans. Beothuk Nation History (First Nations) "One thing that is known about the Beothuk was their love of the color red." 2-00 Blackfeet Nation (Blackfeet Nation) Provides basic information about the tribe and its economy. 9-00 Catawba Nation History (First Nations) 2-00 Cheyenne Language (YourDictionary.com) Provides sources of information. Chicora Nation and the Coree (First Nations - Pate) "Each group was ruled by its own sachem, but there was very little political organization beyond the village or band level." 2-00

77. Definitions A person having origins in any of the original peoples of north America who A personhaving origins in any of the original peoples of the far East, Indian http://ag.arizona.edu/extension/reference/randhp/definitions.html

DEFINITIONS Academic/Administrative Unit: Any component of the University which is involved in the hiring of administrators, faculty, and/or academic and service professionals; for example, colleges, departments, centers, and programs. Americans With Disability Act (ADA): A Federal antidiscrimination statute designed to ensure equal access to opportunities and benefits for qualified individuals with disabilities. It seeks to remove barriers which prevent qualified individuals with disabilities from enjoying the same program and employment opportunities, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency enjoyed by individuals without disabilities. Affirmative Action: Specific and measurable programs which are required by laws and regulations to ensure that minority group members, women, disabled persons, and Vietnam Era or disabled veterans be brought into the mainstream of the employment and student population in order that the composition of faculty, staff and students at the University be representative of the relevant educational and employment market. American Indian or Alaskan Native: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North America who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community recognition. This includes Native Americans, Alaskan Aleuts, Eskimos, and Indians.

78. First Nations Inuit, Arctic Peoples process for all the treatyless peoples of Alaska the ecology just of the far north,affecting the north Slope Borough School District Nunamiut School, Student http://www.kstrom.net/isk/canada/images/can_arct.htm

I NUIT AND A RCTIC P EOPLES Page Navigation Buttons Left stone lithograph by Kenojuak (Ashevak), Canada's foremost Inuit artist (Baffin Island), honoring new Canadian Arctic territory of Nunavut. T his section also includes material on Alaska Arctic Aleut-Inuit-Inuvaliut , and on Greenland Inuit. , nations of the circumpolar conference. Canada-North Circumpolar Region map with pole at center, from Canada's National Mapping service. Several areas can be clicked on for closeup detail, but none of the text captions are legible. Map of the Eastern Inuit Culture area Across northern Canada, these people are closely related to the Greenland Inuit. Since 1979, this Danish possessionwhose population majority is 88% Inuitachieved Home Rule; placenames such as the country itself are now expressed in Inuit language. Kalaalit Nunaat is the name of the ice-covered subcontinent. A study unit on these Inuit peopletheir culture and their modern historyhas been prepared. Greenlandic material is at the bottom of this page. Traditional territorial areas of tribal groups are shown on this map. Canadian Inuit Since World War II A map-illustrated essay by Paula Giese of Canada's cynical use of Inuit people as human land-stakes. Post-1945 history of Inuit. The involvement of both Canadian and U.S. military in the far north bgan during World War II and continud with building of th U.S. DEW (nuclear missile warning) line across the far north. Inuit people were relocated to this harsh environment by the Canadian government to "stake a claim" against the aggressive U.S. building there. The file has 3 large, detailed maps of the high central Arctic, with all Inuit communitis shown, so it will load rather slowly.

79. Amerindian Migration And Population Decline, 1500-1700 and other Iroquoianspeaking peoples encountered French and preaching only to thosenative people who In the far north, Amerindian people maintained contact http://www.whc.neu.edu/prototype/01/amin1.html

Section 1: Amerindians Narrative Amerindian Migration and Population Decline, 1500-1700 The migration of the peoples of Europe and Africa to the Americas has been one of the defining elements of world history since 1500. People flowed across the Atlantic in a series of migrations great and small. The flow of people was strong in the sixteenth century, weaker in the middle of the seventeenth century, and, beginning in the late seventeenth century, so strong as to constitute a massive redistribution of the world's population in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Since 1500, over fifty million people have migrated to the Americas. Since these migrants forged the social, political, religious, and economic elements of the modern and, in some cases, powerful and influential nations in North, Central, and South America, this migration has made its effects felt the world over. As people migrate from the place of their birth to one or more new locations, they transport with them their beliefs, values, and habits, as well as their skills, foodstuffs, animals, and diseases. But migrants also change in the process of migration. Beliefs, values, and habits change, as do skills and the ways people interact with their environment. Moreover, peoples of different backgroundthe migrants and those the migrants encounter in their travelsor their resettlement, meet as people move around the globe. Such meetings have resulted both in cooperation and in conflict. A large portion of the population of the Americas in the late twentieth century is composed of the descendants of those who married or mated with members of different races or ethnic groups that encountered one another in the process of Atlantic migration. Many facets of modern culturereligion, political thought, music, dance, and literature both oral and writtenderive from the cooperation and conflict that accompanied Atlantic migration.

80. NAS Classes Tribes of the major regions of north America expansion and economic globalizationon indigenous peoples around the topics proposed and/or taught thus far include http://www.humboldt.edu/~nasp/classes.html

Classes for Spring 2000 Classes for Fall 2000 Tribal Sovereignty, Tribal Citizens (new course) A comprehensive review of the social, political, and economic conflicts and accommodations that characterize Native American life in the United States. Tribal governance, justice systems, Indian-White relations, religious conflict, economic and community development, and education. Tribal Justice Systems (new title and new description - former course was Native American Indigenous Legal Systems) A review of traditional pre-contact and early-contact native American tribal justice systems, with consideration of the impact of colonialism and the emergence of modern tribal justice systems. Tribal Governance and Leadership (new title and new description - former course was Native American Tribal Government ) A review of traditional Native American concepts of leadership and community self-governance; challenges to these systems; and current aspects of tribal civics and governance. Federal Indian Law I (new title and new description - former course was Principles of Federal Indian Law) The legal framework of the government-to-government relationship between Tribes and the federal government. Tribal sovereignty. Relationships among tribal, state, and federal governments.

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