21. Peru Essays by Yolanda Sala. http://www.yolisala.8m.com/peru.html

Free Web site hosting - Freeservers.com Peru: its Culture, History, Politics and Ecology Ecology A Brief Introduction The Ecology in Ancient Peru Piura: Sad Topography The Rain Forest Culture Alpacas Paso Horses Textiles Taquile ... San Marcos History A Review of Peruvian History Massacres in the Rain Forest Politics How Politics Affected Peruvian Spanish Yolanda Sala Translation Service Character Studies ... E-mail

22. Home Page - The British Council Peru Information on culture, education, tourism and human rights, information exchange and management. http://www.britcoun.org/peru/english/index.htm

Welcome These pages will give you easy access to information about the United Kingdom and Peru When you finish your visit, we would like to know your impression, so please if you could fill the Feedback survey Site Map Information Centre Scholarships ... Useful web sites for Language Assistants Planning to visit Peru? Tourism in Peru Notes for visitors to Peru Peruvian websites of interest Peruvian Human Rights Organisations ... Windows on the World Is a free, easy to use resource for schools and colleges seeking international links. Teachers can search the database for details of thousands of schools worldwide and may register their own school details for others to view Contact us British Council Torre Parque Mar (Floor 22) Av. Jose Larco 1301 Miraflores Telephone +51 (1) 617 3060 Fax +51 (1) 617 3065 postmaster@britishcouncil.org.pe News Events and Visitors March April Teaching English Website British Council/BBC website helps teachers exchange their thoughts, ideas and materials English Zone English Practice for students and teachers Global Events Calendar Links A new an exciting way to explore information about the UK British Council Human Rigths Learn English Education UK ... Connecting Footballculture.net

23. Peruvian Graffiti - GCI 275 Journalist who has reported on peru offers news and comments on the country and its politics, history, culture, and society. http://redirect-west.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.looksmart.com/og/pr%3Dcdd%3B

24. MapZones.com Culture peru, culture, Back to Top. The Native American heritage of peru isone of the richest in South America. Although Spain gave peru its http://www.mapzones.com/world/south_america/peru/cultureindex.php

Country Info Peru Introduction Peru General Data Peru Maps Peru Culture ... Peru Time and Date Peru Culture Back to Top The Native American heritage of Peru is one of the richest in South America. Although Spain gave Peru its language, religion, and rulers, the civilization of the Inca has left its traces throughout Peruvian culture. Archaeological excavations have uncovered monumental remains of Native American societies. Architecture of the Spanish colonial period, a fusion of Spanish and Native American forms, is called Creole. In art today, the indigenist school pointedly interprets 20th-century Peru in a Native American mode. See also Latin American Architecture; Latin American Literature; Latin American Music; Latin American Painting; Latin American Sculpture. The complex ethnic and cultural mixture of Peru presents an entwining of aboriginal pantheism, Spanish mysticism, and African religious practices manifested in the nation's music, literature, textiles, handicrafts, gold and silver work, and bounteous cuisine. The descendants of the Quechua and Aymará peoples populate the Andean highlands. Many do not speak Spanish and have preserved the customs and folklore of their ancestors. Along the coast and in the highland cities, the whites, mestizos, and blacks live in a modern Western style. In contrast to these settlements are the jungles of eastern Peru, where more isolated groups of Native Americans retain lifestyles similar to those of their ancestors.

25. Biots: Orchids And Flasks From Peru - Home Page peruvian and South American orchid species from a tissue culture laboratory and nursery based in Lima, peru. Representative also available in Los Angeles, California. http://members.aol.com/biotsperu

Welcome to the Biots website. We are a tissue culture laboratory and nursery, based in Lima, Peru. We specialize in orchids, due to our interest in preserving an important part of our culture. Here, you can find photographs of our rare orchid species collection, as well as a simple description of each. Since 1993, we have been producing several types of plants for local and international markets. We can also customize our production to suit our customer's particular needs. Photograph by Benjamin Collantes HOME ORCHIDS OTHER EXOTICS CARE INSTRUCTIONS CONTACT US ... LINKS

26. Peru History HOME peru history + culture, TollFree 1.800.344.6118. culture. Introduction.It’s the multiple layers of great civilizations that make peru so fascinating. http://www.adventure-life.com/peru/peru_history.html

Peru Tours Home Testimonials Once You're Booked Travel Philosophy ... Email Us Central America Belize Tours Costa Rica Tours Guatemala Tours South America Amazon Rainforest Bolivia Tours Chile Tours Ecuador Tours ... Peru Tours Adventure Life, LLC Toll-Free: 800.344.6118 Outside US: 406.541.2677 Fax: 406.541.2676 Mail Adventure Life, LLC 1655 S. 3rd St. West Suite 1 Missoula, MT 59801 HOME peru Toll-Free: 1.800.344.6118 Register for Adventure Weather History + Culture Specials ... culture History Between 1526-28, the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro explored Peru's coastal regions and, drawn by the riches of the Inca empire, returned to Spain to raise money and recruit men for another expedition to the country. Return he did, marching into Cajamarca, in northern Peru, before capturing, ransoming and executing the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1533. Pizarro subsequently founded the city of Lima in 1535 but was assassinated six years later. The rebellion of the last Inca leader, Manco Inca, ended ingloriously with his beheading in 1572.

27. Ancient Earth Religions - Medicine Women Writer Carolina Carlessi discusses growing up in peru's culture of folk medicine and faith healing and how it affected her perception of modern medicine. http://www.xploreheartlinks.com/medicinewomen.htm

Xploring Our Heart Links Ancient Earth Religions Medicine Women by Carolina Carlessi When Carolina Carlessi moved from Peru to Spokane, Washington, she left behind a culture that trusts intuition, superstition and personal healing. She is adjusting to Western culture's reliance on reason and science. But she knows deep inside that modern science owes much to the world's mystical women. I don't call it magic, folk medicine, cosmic energy or superstition. I just live with it It has been with the women of my family for generations, and I have been blessed with its influence since the moment I was born. My life started in Lima, Peru. My father was on a business trip and my young mother was alone in an apartment, about to give birth. Frightened, she shouted loud shouts, hoping they'd pierce the walls and get to somebody's ears. She heard knocking at the door, but couldn't move. After some minutes, a woman, "as big and square as an armoire," broke open the door with her shoulder and flew into the apartment. Mamita Carolina was a healer, a medicine woman who had arrived from her village 300 miles away. The night before, while listening to the waves, she had heard her niece's cries and had boarded the next bus to Lima, not even knowing my mother was pregnant.

28. Peru Newsletter Update 2002: Culture And Tourism culture Tourism Department. 11/02, El Triunfo de Miguel HarthBedoya, 29/10/02.peruvian Cuisine in Britain, 21/09/02, Sun City, 05/08/02, Good news about peru http://www.peruembassy-uk.com/News/tourismnews.asp

Embassy of Peru in the United Kingdom Newsletter Update No. 1-2003 Political News Culture and Tourism Miscellaneous DATE CULTURE AND TOURISM NEWS SOURCE Festival de Comida Peruana en Londres El Triunfo de Miguel Harth-Bedoya Peruvian Cuisine in Britain Sun City Good news about Peru regarding efforts on conservation of natural and historical sites TRAVEL UPDATE Newsletter Update No.2-2002 Newsletter Update No.1-2002 ProInversion Weekly Newsletter Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Daily News Bulletin Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Press Releases

29. Peru: Embassy Of Peru In UK London embassy. Provides information on bilateral relations, trade, tourism and culture. http://www.peruembassy-uk.com

30. The Embassy Of Peru In China Sections on peru's culture, economy and politics, plus contact details for the embassy. http://www.embperu.cn.net/en/eindex.htm

EMBASSY OF PERU IN CHINA DISCOVER PERU ... NEWS New! HOME For best results, view this site with the following: Screen resolution 800 x 600 Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 or above with JavaScript Date of Last Update Aug Designed and Produced by E M B Online.net Culture Economy ... Embassy of Peru Welcome to visit the home page of the Embassy of Peru in China. On this website, you can find information about politics, economy, culture, and other topics about Peru in Chinese and English as well. You can also visit some related sites in Peru through this website's links. Culture Peru is a meeting place of different races, languages and cultures. Some of its colonial architecture has earned the downtown area the UNESCO title of World Cultural Heritages Economy Its natural resources, skilled labor force and privileged geography location make Peru an extremely attractive country for investment. The Peruvian territory has a wide array of natural Politics Regular visitors to Peru never fail to remark that today it is a different country. And they are correct. The country has experienced a radical transformation. Long known as the most statist and protectionist regime in Latin America, Peru has become undoubtedly the most free market-oriented economy in the continent. Embassy of Peru in China You can find more information through the navigation and links of this section!

31. Ancient Peru The art, history, culture, and archeology of ancient peru. Under development. Colorful interface. http://www.ancientmexico.com/peru/peru.html

32. G C I 275 - La Esquina Del Movimiento Coordinates in a unique topology, somewhere between peru and the web. Links and comments on peruvian politics, culture and current events. http://www.gci275.com/log/

La Esquina del Movimiento Thursday, April 10 NY Times Behind the A B C's, a Buzz Saw : "Ms. Lam is quite used to getting things done: as a 3-year-old in Lima, Peru, she said, she taught herself to read the newspapers that her father, a Chinese truck driver, brought home. Though she perfected English at an early age, her thick accent gives away her Latin American roots. Neither her father nor her mother, a Peruvian seamstress, was educated beyond elementary school. She debated social policy in the lunchroom of her Catholic school and won a scholarship to the College of St. Benedict in Minnesota, where she majored in sociology and aspired to be an economist. "She married a Minnesotan, Peter Plattes, and scrapped her dream of attending graduate school in Europe, staying in St. Cloud with him for a few years and teaching middle school. The couple taught children in a Peruvian mining camp in the early 70's, then moved to Boston, which Ms. Lam said she chose because its Roman Catholic cardinal had sent money to the school she attended in Lima." This is a big-time job deputy chancellor for teaching and learning at the NYC Public School System. posted 3:24 PM Sunday, April 6

33. Travel In Lima - Peru - Culture - WorldTravelGate.net®- Lima culture. Lima is the industrial, commercial, and political center of thecountry. Lima is the capital of peru and of its most populous department. http://www.americatravelling.net/peru/lima/lima_culture.htm

Lima - Culture Lima is the industrial, commercial, and political center of the country. It now houses more than 6,500,000 people and has several museums that are very worth-while visiting, such as the Archaeological Museum, the Gold Museum, Larco Herrera Museum, etc. Lately it has grown in a rather disorderly fashion to inadequate development policies. Yet for a society with significant problems, today's Limeons still enjoy a relaxed way of life, as they have done for centuries. This becomes more evident during the summer (December to March), when you see them surfing or sunbathing on soft sandy beaches, in a ritual that seems to remind us of their bond with their ancestor's god: the Sun. Lima is the capital of Peru and of its most populous department. The city lies at the heart of the largest conurbation on the western side of South America: nearly 26 percent of Peru's population resides in Lima. Lima is in fact, a huge oasis in the very arid Peruvian coastal area (with less than 2 inches of average annual rainfall, hedged between the Pacific coast and the foot of the Andes. The site, on the southern banks of the Rio Rimac, 13 kilometers from the coast, was chosen in 1535 by Francisco Pizarro because of the adequate supply of water from the river, the irrigated agriculture in the area, a headland, and an adjoining elongated island along the nearby coast, which provided good anchorage and protection for ships. Callao, which was built on this headland, is Lima's harbor. The site is also advantageous for access inland.

34. Travel In Nazca, Peru - Culture it has been said that an ancient coastal people, the Nazcas, whose culture flourishedand In this part of peru there is very little rain, so the images last http://www.americatravelling.net/peru/nazca/nazca_culture.htm

Nazca - Culture N azca is located approximately 450km south of Lima on the Pan American Highway, it takes roughly 4 to 5 hours drive from Lima. Its nearly 600m above sea level and has a population of about 30,000 people, supplemented by many tourists who are interested in the Nazca culture and the famous lines. The Nazca Desert is a high plateau about sixty miles long and five miles wide on the coast of Peru, some 250 miles south of Lima. Famous Nazca Lines - There are a curious combination of triangles, quadrangles and trapezoids, spirals, flowers, straight lines that stretch for more than 5 miles, and giant creatures such as birds, reptiles, whales, a monkey and a spider. Some of the figures on the desert floor resemble the markings found on Nazca pottery, and because of this it has been said that an ancient coastal people, the Nazcas, whose culture flourished and declined between 100 B.C. and A.D. 700, were responsible. Making these images on the plain must have been simple enough, but very time consuming. All that was required was to move a few million rocks to expose the lighter ground beneath them, pile the rocks in lines and so you have the designs. In this part of Peru there is very little rain, so the images last for thousands of years. FIGURES - Humming Bird , has been found to be very similar that found on ceramic pots made near the end of the third century A.D.

35. Pagina Principal Huacas Del Sol Y La Luna History and photographs of these archeological mounds of the Moche culture in peru. http://www.huacas.com/

The Moche Culture Some Historical Background Moche Origins Material Culture and Technology ... Books (in spanish) Subscribe to our mail list S P O N S O R S Hosted By S P O N S O R S

36. Trip To Peru - Culture People. When I arrived home from peru, I told a friend of mine that I wantedto live there. Food. peru has the most delicious food in the world. http://www.student.math.uwaterloo.ca/~ajrodrig/culture.htm

La bebida nacional.The national drink. Sylvia and I enjoying a cherimoya Me grinding the corn to make humitas My cousin Rodrigo feeding me humita People When I arrived home from Peru, I told a friend of mine that I wanted to live there. She said to me "Wouldn't you miss the friendly people here?" I couldn't help but laugh (Apparently I've been laughing a lot since I got back). Alright, people here are friendly and nice, but Peru (and I think South America in general) is in a different league. Everyone you meet treats you like a close friend. If I walk into a room in Canada, I will say hi or shake hands with some people. In Peru, I kiss every girl and shake hands with every guy, or hug them if we are close. A humorous example of the friendliness of Peruvian people is my cousin's grandma who had a guy come to the door saying he was sent by her daughter to pick up her stereo to fix it. The guy was actually stealing her stereo and not only did she give it to him but she invited him in for a coffee. Food Peru has the most delicious food in the world. Everyone asks what I liked the best, but it is impossible to choose. I could talk about Peruvian food all day; Anticuchos which are beef heart kabobs, Ceviche which is raw seafood marinated in lemon juice. There are choros, mussels served with onions and peppers, and Papa la Huancaina, potatoes with a cheese and chili pepper sauce, and humitas, dough made with ground corn filled with chicken and wrapped in a banana leaf. This is just a small sample of some of my favorites dishes to wet your appetite.

37. CULTUREFOCUS: Peru Photos. Pictures From Cuzco And Inca History. An introduction to peru with pictures of the Nazca Lines, Cuzco, Machu Picchu, the Ballestas Islands Category Regional South America peru Travel and Tourism...... VIRTUAL peru. An excellent site about the history, geography, culture andpeople of peru. By Monica Vela Valdizan and GovertJan Mennen. peru. http://www.culturefocus.com/peru.htm

CLICK ON PICTURES TO ENLARGE Peru LAND OF THE INCAS Photos from Peru. Pictures from the Inca capital city Cuzco and the Inca fortress Sacsayhuaman... HOME Machu Picchu Nazca and Paracas Lake Titicaca Peru in South America is a fascinating country. Geographically, Peru encompasses an arid coastal desert, the rugged snow-capped peaks of the Andes, and steamy rainforests that form part of the vast Amazon basin. Historically, the region has seen the development of cultures such as those of the Nazca and Inca whose legacies remain to mystify travelers and archaeologists to this day. The Inca culture was the last to arise in Peru before the arrival of adventurers from overseas... The Inca empire In the fifteenth century, the Inca state expanded through conquest of other cultures to become the most powerful empire in the New World. At its peak the Inca empire stretched for 5500 kilometers from what is now southern Columbia down through Peru to central Chile. But from the time of its expansion the remarkable empire lasted only around one century before the Spanish conquest led to its violent destruction. The Inca citadel of Machu Picchu in Peru was built in a dramatic landscape. There are photos of this remarkable Inca site on my

38. Atlas - Peru Map Overview of culture, history, economy, currency, government, people, education and languages. http://www.map.freegk.com/peru/peru.php

Introduction People History Culture ... Communications Legal system Organization Provinces Disputes Peru Introduction Back to Top Peru, officially Republic of Peru, country in western South America, bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil and Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The area of Peru, including several offshore islands, is 1,285,216 sq km (496,225 sq mi), making it the third-largest South American country (only Brazil and Argentina are larger). Lima is the country's capital and chief commercial centre. Official Name - Republic of Peru Capital - Lima 6,022,213 (1995) Population - 24,523,408 (1996) Life Expectancy - 62.74 years for men 66.55 years for women Area - 1,285,216 sq km (496,225 sq mi) Largest Cities - Arequipa 725,838 Chiclayo 668,066 Trujillo 627,553 Languages - Spanish; Quechua and Aymará Religions - Roman Catholicism Currency - Nuevo sol Government - Republic Peru Provinces Back to Top 24 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 constitutional province* (provincia constitucional); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao*, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali Peru People Back to Top The Spanish conquerors dominated Peruvian society, including politics, religion, and economics. They brought their European culture and transmitted their racial characteristics, Spanish language, and Roman Catholic religion to their descendants. The Spaniards introduced a few African slaves, but their number did not become significant. Following independence and the prohibition of slavery, Chinese immigrants were imported as farm labourers, and new groups of Spaniards, northern Europeans, and Japanese were among other arrivals. These diverse racial and ethnic groups have tended to intermarry and produce a mix of racial types, which in modern Peru constitute a complex racial mosaic.

39. Huarochirí, A Peruvian Culture In Time An ethnographic and historical tour of some of the communities of the Andean province of Huarochir­, peru. http://wiscinfo.doit.wisc.edu/chaysimire/

Huarochirí is an Andean province near Lima, Peru. This site offers an ethnographic and historical tour of some of its communities. It samples the Huarochirí Quechua Manuscript, which alone among colonial documents explains a pre-Christian tradition in an Andean language, and visits modern highlanders who inhabit and interpret the mythic landscape. AL SITIO EN ESPAÑOL... NEW: Gallery Curcuches NEW: Gallery Día del Campesino NEW: Gallery Pichcamanta NEW: Gallery Varayos Photo Galleries Huarochirí's Ancient Quechua Book Tupicocha, a Modern Huarochiri Village ... Links Acknowledgements: This site summarizes research which was generously funded by the National Science Foundation, the Wenner Gren Foundation, and the University of Wisconsin Graduate School. It depended above all on the generous cooperation of the Comunidad Campesina San Andrés de Tupicocha, the Municipality of the same name, and the Instituto de Estudios Peruanos. Cordial thanks go to the elected officers and the staff of all these organizations.The Instituto de Desarrollo y Medio Ambiente also collaborated. My many individual benefactors include Sebastián Alberco, Hilda Araujo, Sócrates Avila, Cecilia Blondet, Marcos Cueto, Mercedes Niño-Murcia, León Modesto Rojas Alberco, Margareto Romero, Roberto Sacramento, Jesus Sánchez, Milagros Silva, Lorena Toledo, Rafael Varón Gabai, Alberto Vilcayauri, Elba Vilcayauri, Roy Vilcayauri, and Steve Wernke (who designed this site). To all of them and many others, warmest thanks.

40. Andean Links Music, History, Archaeology, Languages, Politics, etcCategory Regional South America Regions Andes Society and culture...... reference, and links; World Heritage Sites in peru; The art and cultureof the Incas; Atlas de la cultura peruana; Acheivements of the http://www.andes.org/bookmark.html

C ULTURES OF THE A NDES Culturas de los Andes Andean Links New additions added to the bottom of each catagory. Las mas recientes están al final de cada categoría. Andean Music Música Andina Cultures of the Andes, Quechua, Songs, Music, (at This site, with words and audio files) Andean MusicMúsica Andina , Quena instructions, SF Bay area guide.* Some Peruvian Music with sound files, site is in Peru Pueblo Music Web Site , sells andean recordings Wayanay Inka , Nice page, traditional andean music with audio files of complete songs; has a page on Inka culture. * Inti-Illimani , group's web page Echoes Of Incas Album with song samples CD sales : "Music of the Andes" by Capari-Cani Música de Jauja , songs from this Peruvian city Takisuyo - Musica Andina Sukay , This andean group is very popular in North America Sukay at Sirius, sells andean music from Bolivia, also sold at: Sukay at CDNOW Guitares du Quatuor Atahualpa Music of the Central Andes El Rincón Musical Peruano , Huaynos en formato MIDI Rumillajta , with RealAudio files Llajta Música , Bolivian Music Tunari ,Music of the Andes In Australia Pachakuti , Music of the Andes, in Europe, with links Andean Folk Music Group,

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