61. E-STREAMS Vol. 6, No. 3 - March 2003 I. Microbial plant pathogens Introduction 3; Characteristics of Microbial pathogens7; Characteristics of Crop diseases 47 Part II. plantPathogen Interaction. http://www.e-streams.com/es0603/es0603_2342.htm

E-STREAMS Vol. 6, No. 3 - March 2003 Agriculture-Plant Culture-Diseases Microbial Plant Pathogens and Crop Disease Management , by P. Narayanasamy. Enfield, NH, Science Publishers, 2002, 553p., illus., bibliog., index. ISBN 1-57808-207-2 [ GOBI GOBI 2 ] $96.00. LC Call no.: SB731.N255 2002. Subjects: Plant Diseases; Phytopathogenic Microorganisms-Control Reviewer: Diane C. Schmidt, Biology Librarian, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Biology Library, dcschmid@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu Table of Contents: Part I. Microbial Plant Pathogens Introduction 3 Characteristics of Microbial Pathogens 7 Characteristics of Crop Diseases 47 Part II. Plant-Pathogen Interaction Pathogenicity and Host Defense 79 Crop Disease Diagnosis 113 Assessment of Crop Loss Caused by Microbial Pathogens 141 Part III. Crop Disease Management-Principles and Practices Principles of Crop Disease Management 155 Methods of Preventing Introduction of Microbial Pathogens 159 Cultural Practices for Crop Disease Management 177 Physical and Chemical Techniques for Crop Disease Management 199 Host Resistance to Microbial Plant Pathogens 211 Biocontrol Agents for Crop Disease Management 249 Biotechnology for Improvement of Crop Disease Resistance 301 Crop Disease Management Using Chemicals 341 Integrated Disease Management 391 References 397 Index 545 The microbial pathogens discussed in this volume include fungi, bacteria, phytoplasmas, viruses, and viroids. The emphasis is on disease management, though the author provides a thorough grounding on the characteristics of pathogens, host defenses, and disease diagnosis as well as discussing disease management. The volume includes an illustrated survey of the various taxa of pathogens, including description of the higher taxa and a partial list of major pathogenic species or varieties. The author also provides information on identifying plant diseases and assessing the damaged caused by diseases.

62. Graduate Catalog - 2002-2003 - Fields Of Instruction - Plant Pathology pathogen systems, biological control of pathogens and weeds an environment idealfor plant disease development student opportunities to study diseases of many http://gradschool.rgp.ufl.edu/gradcat/2002-2003/deptPlantPathology.html

Plant Pathology College of Agricultural and Life Sciences Graduate Faculty 2001-2002 Chairman: G. C. Wisler. Graduate Coordinator: F. W. Zettler. Eminent Scholar: W. O. Dawson. Professors: G. N. Agrios; R. D. Berger; G. M. Blakeslee; R. H. Brlansky; R. Charudattan; P. S. Chourey; L. E. Datnoff; M. J. Davis; K. Derrick; D. W. Gabriel; S. M. Garnsey; J. H. Graham; E. Hiebert; D. L. Hopkins; J. B. Jones; J. W. Kimbrough; T. A. Kucharek; R. F. Lee; J. J. Marois; R. T. McMillan; D. J. Mitchell; K. L. Pernezny; R. C. Ploetz; C. A. Powell; D. R. Pring; R. N. Raid; R. A. Schmidt; J. O. Strandberg; L. W. Timmer; G. C. Wisler; F. W. Zettler. Associate Professors: J. A. Bartz; D. O. Chellemi; M. L. Elliott; T. R. Gottwald; N. A. Harrison; D. E. Legard; R. J. McGovern; D. J. Norman; J. E. Polston; D. P. Weingartner. Assistant Professors: E. L. Barnard; T. M. Momol; P. D. Roberts; J. A. Rollins; W. Y. Song; C. M. Stiles. Courses in nematology are offered by the Department of Entomology and Nematology. Prereq: course in biology or botany.

63. The Gardener's Guide To Plant Diseases Mobile Marauders Airborne pathogens that Persist ~ in Host plant Tissues Chapter4. Blotches, Spots, and Specks Leaf Spots and Other Foliar diseases Chapter 5 http://www.echonet.org/shopsite_sc/store/html/TheGardenersGuideToPlantDiseases.h

document.write("" + document.title + "") About ECHO En Español Tropical Agriculture Order Books and Seeds ... Get Involved The Gardener's Guide to Plant Diseases Become a skilled doctor of plant care! This easy-to-use reference fully explains more than 50 of the most common plant diseases where they occur, what they look like, what to do about them, and the long-term prognosis for the affected plants. Most important, gardening expert Barbara Pleasant recommends proven organic methods for controlling each disease. The Gardener's Guide to Plant Diseases features: - Informal encyclopedia style, making information and answers very easy to find. -+Illustrations that show the techniques for distinguishing between look-alike symptoms of different diseases. -+Cross-referenced list of common vegetables and fruits and the diseases most apt to affect them. -+Loads of facts on symptoms and tips for detecting diseases (including those diseases that are often too small to see). -+Simple, inexpensive organic treatments to halt the spread of each disease and prevent its recurrence. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1. The Gardener as Plant Physician: An Overview of Backyard Plant Pathology

64. Sustainable Management Of Soil-Borne Plant Diseases p. 18–32. In AW Engelhard (ed.). Soilborne plant pathogens Management of Diseaseswith Macroand Microelements. American Phytopathological Society. 217 p. http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/soilborne.html

Sustainable Management of Soil-Borne Plant Diseases Soil Systems Guide Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas (ATTRA) PO Box 3657 Fayetteville, AR 72702 Phone: 1-800-346-9140 - FAX: (479) 442-9842 By Preston Sullivan NCAT Agriculture Specialist February 2001 The PDF version of this document is available at http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/PDF/soilborne.pdf kb Abstract Soil-borne diseases result from a reduction of biodiversity of soil organisms. Restoring beneficial organisms that attack, repel, or otherwise antagonize disease-causing pathogens will render a soil disease-suppressive. Plants growing in disease-suppressive soil resist diseases much better than in soils low in biological diversity. Beneficial organisms can be added directly, or the soil environment made more favorable for them through use of compost and other organic amendments. Compost quality determines its effectiveness at suppressing soil-borne plant diseases. Compost quality can be determined through laboratory testing. Why Disease?

65. InterNEWS - Nursery Trade Resource Site - Backissues Previously I discussed some reasons why plant diseases are important Conversely, biotic(pathological) diseases are caused by pathogens, disease causing http://www.nurserysite.com/internews/jacksutherland.html

Articles from past issues Dr. Jack Sutherland Plant Diseases Cost Growers Million$ Quill Services Ltd. 945 Alston St. Victoria BC Canada (250) 382-6227 fax (250) 385-6267 quill@quillserv.com Guest Columnist Plant Diseases: Understanding is Knowing How to Control Them Back to Internews Home Feedback top Plant Diseases Cost Growers Million$ By guest contributor: Jack Sutherland Dr. Jack Sutherland is an authority on plant pathology. He has 147 publications to his credit, and lectured extensively. He has held the position as professor at 2 Universities, and worked as Head of Forest Pathology at the Pacific Forestry Centre in Victoria BC, Canada. We are delighted he will be a regular contributor to our news letter. While all of these problems can result in premature graying of nursery managers, I feel that the most important consequence of diseases is that they affect a nursery's reputation. What wholesaler or retailer wants to buy stock from a nursery that has a bad reputation? Who will buy plants that will contaminate their nursery and in turn ruin their reputation? Quarantinable diseases are particularly bad since it is not unheard of for officials to destroy, sometimes by burning, the infested stock on site! This is not a pretty situation for the nursery owner. Pesticide usage is also a concern because of the possible threat of ground water contamination. Granted there are ways to overcome this problem such as constructing systems to prevent the escape of contaminated, but they are expensive. Other, less easily measured, but perhaps more troubling, losses occur with diseases that are of concern to plant quarantine officials. Have you ever tried to ship plants across certain state lines or internationally that have a quarantinable disease?

66. MANAGEMENT TIPS TO REDUCE PLANT DISEASES OF WHEAT harbor mites which transmit virus diseases and plant pathogens that serve as asource of inoculum for the succeeding crop. if not controlled. Most notably. http://www.mandakzerotill.org/book11/plant_disease.html

MANAGEMENT TIPS TO REDUCE PLANT DISEASES OF WHEAT A.L. Black and Armand Bauer Soil Scientists, USDA-ARS, Northern Great Plains Research Center Mandan, ND 58554 Crop residues present on the soil surface are a deterrent to accelerated erosion and simultaneously conserve precipitation through reduction in water evaporation rate (compared to a bare surface) and through their water-trapping capability. Some reluctance to adopt or continue usage of tillage systems which leave residues on the surface ostensibly is being expressed by producers because of concern for plant disease infestation being accentuated by the presence of residues. The purpose of this paper is to provide some soil and crop management guidelines that help reduce the risk and level of infestation of plant diseases of wheat. These management tips are based on many years of research experience and observations by the authors. Three conditions must be present for a plant disease to occur. There must be a susceptible host, a pathogen. and the proper environment for the disease to flourish. If only one of these is absent or diminished. infestation will not occur or will be diminished. Many producers believe that nothing can be done to diminish diseases and that their wheat crop is always susceptible. that the pathogens are usually present or will blow in from their neighbor's land, and that they cannot do anything about the weather or the plant environment. There are many soil and crop management practices and cultural practices which influence the three factors of the disease-triangle and subsequently alter the incidence and magnitude of wheat disease infestations.

67. Brian Eshenaur And Robert Anderson* (Revised 7-94) because certain fungal pathogens can develop and produce spores on the plant debris.Weeds along walkways and under benches can harbor diseases that can be http://www.ca.uky.edu/agcollege/plantpathology/PPAExten/PPFShtml/ppfsgh1.htm

Plant Pathology Factsheet PPFS-GH-1 MANAGING THE GREENHOUSE ENVIRONMENT TO CONTROL PLANT DISEASES Brian Eshenaur and Robert Anderson* (Revised 7-94) Numerous plant disease problems can arise in greenhouse situations. These diseases can cause extensive damage of allowed to develop unchecked. Since plant disease are strongly effected by temperature and humidity, the best way to combat disease is to manipulate the greenhouse environment. Unlike the weather outdoors, we can control the greenhouse environment. Plant disease control in the greenhouse is generally more effective if the following aspects of the greenhouse environment are managed properly: HUMIDITY High humidity levels encourage the development of many plant diseases. The relative humidity is usually 25%-70% during the day in greenhouses and generally no problem. However, humidity levels are generally 90-100% during the night. During periods of rainy weather in winter, the relative humidity may stay near 100% for a number of days and nights. Maintain adequate plant spacing. When plants are crowded together, disease development is encouraged by the high humidity in the canopy. Plants hung overhead reduce normal water evaporation and contribute to high humidity in the crop canopy.

68. BIOLB120 - Schedule For 2001-2002 Year - Life Sciences Faculty, UCL accumulation of pathogenesisrelated proteins; development of systemic acquiredresistance - how pathogens cause disease symptoms - how plant diseases may be http://zzz.grad.ucl.ac.uk/~dan/courses/single.php?coursecode=BIOLC313

69. Faq In biological control of plant diseases, antagonist organisms are used tointerfere with plant pathogens to reduce the effects of plant diseases. http://wizard.arsusda.gov/acsl/Faq.htm

PLANT DISEASE AND BIOCONTROL FAQ What are plant diseases? Why are plant diseases important? How are plant diseases controlled? What is biological control? ... What is methyl bromide and why all the fuss about it? What are plant diseases? Like humans and animals, plants can also become "sick" and unhealthy. When this illness is due to some infectious agent, called a pathogen, it is referred to as plant disease. Plant diseases are caused primarily by specific fungi, bacteria, or viruses that are capable of infecting plants and disrupting their normal functioning, resulting in disease. Depending on the nature of the pathogen and disease, plants may be affected in a variety of ways, including: blemishes, or lesions, on the leaves, stems, flowers, or fruit; reductions in growth; loss of color; loss or abnormal growth of leaves, flowers, or fruit; browning or dieback of leaves and shoots; wilting; and, in many cases, death of the plant. However, organisms that cause disease in plants generally do not cause disease in humans or animals. The science of studying diseases of plants, their causes, effects, and control, is called Plant Pathology. Why are plant diseases important?

70. Plant Diseases Development And Management Many pathogens, especially foliar (leaf) pathogens, need a film of water on theplant to begin in the development of many fungal and bacterial diseases. http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/plantsci/pests/eb31w.htm

NDSU Extension Service North Dakota State University Plant Diseases Development and Management EB-31 (Revised), February 2001 Marcia P. McMullen and H. Arthur Lamey Extension Plant Pathologists The interactions between plants and disease organisms are complex, and commercial growers and home gardeners alike may have difficulty understanding plant diseases. Confusion can be reduced by learning a few basic concepts and principles of how diseases develop and how they are managed. This publication presents these concepts and is dedicated to commercial growers, commercial applicators, home gardeners and others who want more information on how plant diseases develop and are managed. To serve these diverse groups, examples of common North Dakota diseases were selected from both the commercial farm and from the home garden. Various circulars available at offices of the NDSU Extension Service provide detailed information on many of these diseases. HOW DISEASE DEVELOPS WHAT IS A DISEASE? A disease is any abnormal condition that damages a plant and reduces its productivity or usefulness to man. Under this definition, air pollution can cause disease, as can many fungi and other infectious living organisms. This illustrates the first important concept: there are two basic types of diseases, non-infectious (abiotic) and infectious (biotic). TYPES OF DISEASES NON-INFECTIOUS (Abiotic) Non-infectious diseases are caused by some environmental factor that produces an abnormal plant (Table 1); that is, one that has an abnormal appearance. Non-infectious diseases are

71. U Of A - Department Of Plant Pathology of important contemporary concepts relative to the genetics, physiology, biochemistry,and molecular biology of plant pathogens and plant diseases. http://www.uark.edu/depts/plntpath/graduate.html

Graduate Program For more information about the Department of Plant Pathology, contact Dr. S.M. Lim (Department Head) **New Distinguished Doctoral Fellowships** **Graduate Student Financial Opportunities** Degree Opportunities in Plant Pathology ... For additional information / Graduate School Catalog The Department The Department of Plant Pathology at the University of Arkansas has a strong graduate faculty and offers programs leading to the Bachelor of Science, Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees. The B.S. degree in plant protection and pest management provides students with a well rounded background in managing plant health while the M.S. and Ph. D. curricula offer intensive training in applied and fundamental aspects of the science of plant pathology. The Department maintains well-balanced research programs ranging from fundamental studies of host-parasite physiology to more applied studies of disease control methods for major crops including rice, soybean, cotton, wheat, sorghum, fruits and vegetables. The Department has particularly strong areas of emphasis in biological control of diseases and weeds, virology, fungal biology and nematology. The Curriculum U ndergraduate studies: The B.S. degree in Plant Protection and Pest Management. This curriculum provides students pursuing a B.S. degree in agriculture with sound basic training in the biological and physical sciences, in communications and humanities and specific instruction in Plant Pathology. Students completing this curriculum are generally well prepared to pursue graduate studies or enter positions in private industry or government agencies requiring a strong background in plant protection, summer internships are available in Plant Pathology with

72. Plant Pathology fungal ecology and genetics, nematology, virology, soil ecology, molecular biologyof plant pathogens, biological control of plant diseases and weeds, genetics http://www.uark.edu/admin/urelinfo/CatalogofStudies/OLD_CATALOGS/98-99/grad/PLPA

University of Arkansas 1998-99 Graduate Catalog PLANT PATHOLOGY (PLPA) Sung M. Lim, Head of the Department, 217 Plant Sciences Building, 575-2446 UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS KIM, RIGGS; UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR EMERITUS SCOTT; PROFESSORS GERGERICH, KIRKPATRICK, LEE, LIM, ROBBINS, ROTHROCK, TEBEEST; PROFESSORS EMERITI CRALLEY, DALE, FULTON, JONES; ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS CORRELL, FENN, MILUS, RUPE Degree Conferred: M.S. (PLPA) Areas of Concentration: fungal ecology and genetics, nematology, virology, soil ecology, molecular biology of plant pathogens, biological control of plant diseases and weeds, genetics and physiology of parasitism and resistance, plant disease control, and diseases of cotton, fruits, rice, soybean, turfgrass, vegetables and wheat. Prerequisites to Degree Program: Although no specific prerequisites are required, a strong background in agricultural, biological and physical sciences is desirable. Deficiencies or prerequisites for advanced courses may be included in the student's program. Requirements for the Master of Science Degree: A thesis reporting results of original research and a minimum of 24 semester hours of course work (including 15 semester hours in plant pathology) plus 6 semester hours of thesis credit are required. The student must pass an oral examination after the thesis is completed.

73. Tropical Plant Pathology Laboratories will consist of field observations of plant disease, microscopic observationsof diseases and pathogens, and methods for the culture and isolation http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/~shintaku/tropical.htm

Home Page Up [ Tropical Plant Pathology ] Applied Microbiology Plant Disease Diagnosis Agricultural Genetics Tropical Plant Pathology (PPAT301) Instructor: Dr. Michael Shintaku Office/Office hours: CAB 106/by appointment Required Text: Plant Pathology , 4th ed., George N. Agrios This course will prepare the student to understand the role of plant pathogens in crop production. Diseases are often a major limiting factor in crop production, and understanding the biology of the pathogen(s) will enable the grower to effectively manage disease problems. In addition, this course offers insight into the relationships between plants and microbes. Laboratories will consist of field observations of plant disease, microscopic observations of diseases and pathogens, and methods for the culture and isolation of plant pathogens. LECTURE TOPICS: SUGG. READING Introduction Basic concepts in plant pathology 3-23 (concepts, causes and history) Nature, causes and types of disease Beneficial interactions Fungi as plant pathogens 245-260 (fungi as pathogens) 295-298 (powdery mildews) Life cycles of the fungi: Ascomycetes 324-331 (anthracnose) Life cycles of the fungi: Imperfect fungi EXAM Life cycles of the fungi: Basidiomycetes 368-381 (rusts) Life cycles of the fungi: Basidiomycetes 382-389 (smuts) Fungal diseases 307-309 (sigatoka) 359-367 (post-harvest losses) 359-350 (Dutch Elm disease) Life cycles of the Oomycetes 266-283 (Pythium and Phytophthora Life cycles of the Oomycetes Parasitism and disease development 45-62 (disease cycle)

74. Chapter 17.24 RCW - Insect Pests And Plant Diseases system for the exclusion of plant and bee pests and diseases through regulation of ofthe state from the impact of insect pests, plant pathogens, noxious weeds http://www.wa.gov/agr/weedboard/weed_laws/17.24rcw.html

CHAPTER 17.24 RCW INSECT PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES Purpose. Definitions. Regulation of plant, plant product, bee movement, and genetically engineered organisms. Inspection and investigation. Determination of origin. Power to adopt quarantine measure Rules. Introduction of plant pests, noxious weeds, or organisms affecting plant life. Protection of privileged or confidential informationProcedureNoticeDeclaratory judgment. Compliance agreements. Prohibited acts. Impound and disposition. PenaltiesSecond and subsequent offenses. State-wide survey and control activity. Director's cooperation with other agencies. Acquisition of lands, water supply, or other properties for quarantine locations. Requested inspectionsFee for serviceDisbursement in lieu of fee. PenaltiesCriminal and civil penalty. ViolationsCosts of control. Funds for technical and scientific services. Determination of imminent danger of infestations of plant pests or plant diseasesEmergency measuresConditionsProcedures. Indemnity contracts for damages resulting from prevention, control, or eradication measuresAuthorizedConditions.

75. University Of Minnesota Fungi Courses Pathogen biology, factors that cause disease and interaction of pathogens withplants. Epidemiology and control measures for appropriate plant diseases. http://www.cbs.umn.edu/college_info/courses/fungi.html

University of Minnesota Fungi Courses Offered by the College of Agriculture PlPa 1001. THE GOOD, BAD, AND UGLY EFFECT OF MICROORGANISMS ON PLANTS AND HUMAN SOCIETY. (2 cr) Positive or negative effect of microorganisms on plants and the ultimate effect on human history and society. PlPa 1002. PLANT DISEASES AND YOUR GARDEN. (2 cr) Characteristics of causes of plant diseases that affect growth of flowers, small fruits, and vegetables in Upper Midwestern gardens. Diseases that may appear in your garden, why they can occur and how to avoid them. PlPa. 3001. MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF FIELD CROP DISEASES. (4 cr; prereq Biol 1009 or #) Crop pathology in selected cropping rotations and procedures used to identify plant diseases and appropriate control measures. Field-level problem solving using integrated pest management. PlPa 3002. MANAGEMENT OF HORTICULTURAL CROP DISEASES. (4 cr; prereq Biol 1009 or equiv) Characteristics of pathogens and incitants that cause horticultural crop diseases. Biological principles that affect disease incidents and severity. PlPa 5102. ECOLOGY OF FUNGI.

76. EPWS 310 PLANT PATHOLOGY control. 15. Modern tools for control of plant diseases. 16. Knowhow pathogens cause disease and how plants defend themselves. 17. http://taipan.nmsu.edu/EPWS310/examSG.html

EPWS 310 PLANT PATHOLOGY Study Guide - Exam I Readings: Chapter 1 pp 3-40 General concepts, history, significance, diagnosis, Koch’Äôs postulates Chapter 2 pp 43-62 Terminology, disease triangle, disease cycle Chapter 3 pp 63-82 Pathogen produced enzymes, toxins, growth regulators Chapter 5 pp 93-113 Structural and chemical defense, pre-existing and induced defense Chapter 6 pp 115-128 Plant resistance to pathogens, gene for gene concept Chapter 9 pp 173-195 Disease control using cultural, biological, and chemical methods This study guide is not complete. It is a list of suggested topics to cover in your review. 1. Know the terminology and definitions presented in class. 2. Be familiar with types of pathogens, their signs and symptoms, disease triangle, Koch’Äôs postulates. 3. Study historically important disease epidemics, their primary causes, pathogens, etc. 4. Review the disease cycle-inoculation, penetration, infection, dissemination, survival. 5. Know examples of pathogen-produced enzymes, toxins, and growth regulators, including the pathogens that produce them.

77. Mann Library Collection Policy - Plant Pathology Detection, identification, and quantitative analyses of epidemics of pathogens;population dynamics of pathogens in time and space Control of plant diseases. http://gulliver.mannlib.cornell.edu/Collection/Policy_Statements/Plant_Path.html

Albert R. Mann Library Collection Policy PLANT PATHOLOGY Subject Scope Priority Tables Course Info Department Homepage ... L3 Code: PLPA 1.0 TEACHING, RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PROGRAMS 1.1 Mission and emphases of the department Cornell's Department of Plant Pathology, founded in 1907 by Prof. W.W. Whetzel, was the first department of plant pathology in the U. S. The mission of the department is to discover and disseminate information on the nature and control of plant disease. The department is concerned with both solving current plant disease problems and investigating theoretical issues pivotal to long-term progress in disease control. 1.2 Faculty research About 30 professorial staff are affiliated with the department, including faculty from the Geneva Experiment Station (which also has a Department of Plant Pathology), the Boyce Thompson Institute, and the Long Island Horticultural Research Laboratory. Another 30 professional plant pathologists are affiliated with the department, including post-docs, research and extension associates, and visiting scientists. The department is highly inter- disciplinary, drawing on and applying basic knowledge in a wide variety of agricultural and biological fields. Faculty research programs are described in the departmental brochure on file and on the Internet (http://ppathw3.cals.cornell.edu/). Research in plant pathology investigates the interactions between plants and pathogens at all levels of biological organization: genetic, molecular, cellular, organismal, population, and community.

78. Minufiya University Themes Diagnosis and detection of plant diseases. Epidemiology of plant diseases.plant pathogens and microbial interactions. plant diseases control. http://www.menofia.edu.eg/Phytopathological .asp

79. Poinsettia Diseases & Control Poinsettia diseases and subsequent plant losses due to fungal pathogens cause moredamage and monetary loss than do bacterial pathogens, but where bacterial http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/greenhouse/guides/poinsettia/disease.html

Diseases represent a serious hazard to the production of a quality poinsettia crop. Control of poinsettia diseases should be based on disease prevention because once disease producing organisms invade plant tissue, control is much more difficult and expensive and frequently not too successful. Growers should become familiar with the common poinsettia diseases and for each disease they should have a basic understanding of: (I) the causal organism involved; (II) likely sources of pathogen introduction; (III) conditions required for plant infection and disease development; (IV) and, effective disease control measures. (I) Causal organisms of poinsettia diseases Bacterial and fungal pathogens are most commonly involved in damage to commercial poinsettia production in Texas. Poinsettia diseases and subsequent plant losses due to fungal pathogens cause more damage and monetary loss than do bacterial pathogens, but where bacterial diseases are severe, extensive losses can occur. Both bacteria and fungi are microscopic in most forms and because of this, it is impossible to detect their presence until plant infection and subsequent plant deterioration occurs. Therefore, it is important to anticipate potential disease problems and to modify the greenhouse environment or initiate preventive chemical control to minimize plant loss to disease. (II) Sources of pathogen introduction Potential poinsettia pathogens can be introduced into a greenhouse in several ways. Some pathogens, such as

80. Cornell University's Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic Homepage Provides diagnosis services to extension, homeowners, and commercial growers.Category Science Biology plant Pathology Products and Services...... for anyone interested in plant diseases. Our services include analysis of plant materialand soil for bacterial, fungal, viral, and nematode pathogens as well http://plantclinic.cornell.edu/

Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic C O R N E L L U N I V E R S I T Y 329 Plant Science Ithaca, NY 14853 Phone:(607) 255-7850 Fax: (607) 255-4471 Karen L. Snover , Director email kls13@cornell.edu Welcome to the Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic at Cornell University Fruits Field Crops Late Blight ... Master Gardener Presentations The Clinic is designed to provide plant disease diagnostic services for anyone interested in plant diseases. Our services include analysis of plant material and soil for bacterial, fungal, viral, and nematode pathogens as well as suggesting appropriate control measures when available. Our clients include Extension Educators, Growers, Retailers, Arborists, Golf Courses, Researchers, and Homeowners. The Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic works very closely with the

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