1. History Index poland history. POLAND (political system, location, geography, population, nature) http://www.poloniatoday.com/historyix.htm

POLONIA TODAY ONLINE A Part of the Polonia Media Network All material A BRIEF HISTORY OF POLAND Click on the Part You Wish to Read Part 1 - The Polish State Emerges Part 2 - Division Into Provinces Part 3 - Crown of the Polish Kingdom Part 4 - Union With Lithuania ... RETURN TO HOME PAGE

2. Poland History History of Poland. Click here to visit our sponsor. EARLY HISTORY UNTIL 1385The Origins of Poland; The Medieval Era Fragmentation and Invasion, 10251320; http://www.countryreports.org/history/polahist.htm

History of Poland History Home Page CountryReports.org Shop our Online Store! Discuss World Issues! ... The 1989 Elections and Their Aftermath Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Bolivia Bulgaria Cambodia Chad Chile China Congo, Dem. Rep. Colombia Comoros Cyprus Czech Republic Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia Finland Georgia Germany Ghana Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakstan Korea, North Korea, South Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Libya Madagascar Mauritania Moldova Mongolia Nepal Nicaragua Nigeria Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Saudi Arabia Seychelles Singapore Somalia Spain Sri Lanka

3. Poland: History. poland history. Historiography. 40104800 Subclass DK http://venus.ci.uw.edu.pl/~bfile/dkplasci/dkph23.html

Poland: History. Historiography Subclass DK History Historiography 4139 General works Biography of historians 4139.2 Collective 4139.25 Individual, A-Z subarrange by Table VII e.g. .B3 Balzer, Oswald Marian .D5 D³ugosz, Jan .L4 Lelewel, Joachim .N3 Naruszewicz, Adam Stanis³aw

4. The Truth About Poland (2) poland history. POLAND (political A THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY OF POLANDPART1 (from prehistoric times till the XIII century). A THOUSAND http://www.citinet.net/ak/PolandHistory.html

Poland History POLAND (political system, location, geography, population, nature) A THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY OF POLAND-PART 1 (from prehistoric times till the XIII century) A THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY OF POLAND-PART 2 ( XIII and XIV centuries - The Piast Dynasty) A THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY OF POLAND-PART 3 ( XV and XVI centuries - The Jagiellon Dynasty) A THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY OF POLAND-PART 4 (religions in medieval Poland) A THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY OF POLAND-PART 5 (political system, population and culture in medieval Poland) A THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY OF POLAND-PART 6 (elected kings, XVII-century) A THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY OF POLAND-PART 7 (anatomy of decay;reign of anarchy; XVIII century) A THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY OF POLAND-PART 8 (the last king; the partition of the country) A THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY OF POLAND-PART 9 (XIX-century; heroic years; captivity) A THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY OF POLAND-PART 10 (the making of modern Poland till WWII) A THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY OF POLAND-PART 11 (the Second World War) A THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY OF POLAND-PART 12 (after the Second World War) A THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY OF POLAND-PART 13 (the impact of World War II on Poland) A THOUSAND YEAR HISTORY OF POLAND-PART 14 ("Solidarity" - Remembrance of revolution)

5. Poland History Live Home Cam, snookems.com/poland, ar_thnlogo.gif (561 bytes) TTheHistory Network. HISTORY OF POLAND. INTRODUCTION. While Poles trace http://www.snookems.com/poland/phistory.htm

Live Home Cam snookems.com/poland T The History Network Internet Home Search Page Dictionary Weather ... Travelocity Personal Volunteer Work Women Only Shopping Cooking ... Games Family Album Mercer Williams Residence Map Plano, Texas Dallas Morning News HISTORY OF POLAND INTRODUCTION While Poles trace their roots to prehistoric times, as a nation, present-day Poland dates its real origins to the year 966, when the foundation of Polish statehood was laid. That was the year when Mieszko I, the first historical representative of the old Polish Piast dynasty, accepted Christianity from the south. He is the first member of the gallery of Polish Kings in spite of the fact that only his son, Boleslaw Chrobry - Boleslaw the Brave - was the first ruler to be actually crowned. In Poland's lengthy and tumultuous history, its Golden Age , which flourished under the last two kings of the Jagiellonian dynasty, deserves special attention. This was a time rich in art, poetry, religious experience, scientific advances and economic prosperity. It inspired astronomer Nicholas Copernicus to assign Earth a new place in the solar system and moved Wit Stwosz to create his unsurpassed altarpiece, which can still be admired in Krakow's St. Mary's Church to this very day. In Krakow, the Royal Castle on Wawel Hill was converted into a splendid Renaissance residence, while a handsome fortress city went up in Zamosc.

6. Poland History POLAND. A proud country with a history that dates back at least 1,100 years,Poland has outlived many of the powers that sought to absorb it. http://www.nationbynation.com/Poland/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT ... POLAND A proud country with a history that dates back at least 1,100 years, Poland has outlived many of the powers that sought to absorb it. The Holy Roman Empire, Sweden, Prussia, Russia, and Austria all tried to expand at the expense of Poland. Though partitioning all but erased Poland from the map of Europe in the late 18th century, Napoleon created the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and later, the Congress of Vienna restored a Kingdom of Poland in 1815, with the Russian czar as monarch. From 1830 on, Poland became more and more Russified. This came to a halt with the rise of Josef Pilsudski's socialists who fought against the Russian Bolsheviks after World War I. By the terms of the Treaty of Riga in 1921, Poland was returned to borders approximating those of 1793 with a population about 70% ethnically Polish. There was also in Poland the largest population of Jews in Europe, at this point. In 1939, Germany attacked Poland along with the Soviet Union. Divided between the two then-allies, Poland suffered great losses during the war,including the destruction of nearly its entire population of 3,000,000 Jews to the Nazi concentration camps erected all over Poland. A Polish government-in-exile was established in London but its effectiveness was limited. The Soviets took control of Poland as the war drew to a close, and recognizing a provisional government based in Lublin. The Allies met in Yalta in 1945 and there were convinced by the USSR to allow the eastern part of Poland to be absorbed into the Soviet Union and that some of eastern germany should be incorporated into Poland, giving Poland roughly the borders of its 10th century incarnation. By 1949, the communist party was in control of Poland. Under communist rule, Poles lived under tight control. Party Chairman Gomulka was briefly thought to be committed to pursuing a measure of intellectual and cultural freedom for his people, but this was short-lived. Growing national discontent and the election of a Polish cardinal, Karol Wojtyla, as Pope John Paul II, jump-started the forces of nationalism and reform until in 1990 the communist party voted to dissolve. Solidarity, a national labor union, became a uniting force for the country and its charismatic leader Lech Walesa, actually became president. Poland is becoming a strong economic force in eastern Europe, with much foreign investment and a healthy GDP. In 1999, Poland joined NATO, the ultimate step in ensuring Poland's protection from any Russian plans to reestablish domination over the area.

7. Poland History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Cu poland history Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources,Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/poland/poland_history_index.html

Country Ranks Introduction History Geography People Government Gov. Leaders ... [TOP] Poland History Index http://workmall.com/wfb2001/poland/poland_history_index.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies History Introduction Historical Setting EARLY HISTORY UNTIL 1385 The Origins of Poland ... The 1989 Elections and Their Aftermath NOTE: The information regarding Poland on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Poland History information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Poland History should be addressed to the Library of Congress. Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail when this web site is updated. Your Internet e-mail address: http://workmall.com/wfb2001/poland/poland_history_index.html Revised 04-Jul-02 Photius Coutsoukis

8. Medieval Poland: History & Timelines History. EARLY HISTORY OF POLAND, Chapter XXIII of A Short History of AustriaHungaryby H. Wickham Steed, Walter A. Phillips, and David Hannay, 1914. http://tulgey.browser.net/~jenne/poland/history.html

Medieval Poland History and Timelines Reading List(s) Recommended Reading: Polish History , compiled by John Radzilowski Timeline(s) Poland Chronology , a brief chronology from the Web Chronology Project. Major Dates in Polish History from the American Institute of Polish Culture History EARLY HISTORY OF POLAND , Chapter XXIII of A Short History of Austria-Hungary by H. Wickham Steed, Walter A. Phillips, and David Hannay, 1914. NOTES ON POLISH HISTORY Collected by Leszek z Szczytna Part One (623-1018) Part Two (1019-1091) Part Three (1092-1144) Part Four (1145-1194; Bibliography) Continuation of Notes on Polish History: THE TRAGIC 13th CENTURY OF POLAND , According to Kythe Szubielka History of Poland a serial published by Polonia Today ; includes illustrations, maps, etc. A Brief History of Poland from the American Institute of Polish Culture A Brief History of Poland, by Mieczyslaw A. Klopotek. History of Poland: The Rise to Power by Mieczyslaw Kasprzyk Kings, Princes and Rulers Polish Kings and Ruling Princes by Mieczyslaw A. Klopotek. Monarchs of Poland from the royal genealogical database. (Data is not always accurate regarding family relationships)

9. Poland: History encyclopediaEncyclopedia—poland history. Beginnings. The territorialdimensions of Poland have varied considerably during its history. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0860447.html

Encyclopedia Poland History Beginnings The territorial dimensions of Poland have varied considerably during its history. In the 9th and 10th cent., the Polians [dwellers in the field] gained hegemony over the other Slavic groups that occupied what is roughly present-day Poland. Under Duke Mieszko I Piast dynasty began (966) the conversion of Poland to Christianity. Gniezno was the first capital of Poland and Poznan the first episcopal see. The Piasts expanded their domains in wars against the German emperors, Hungary, Bohemia, Pomerania, Denmark, and Kiev, and in 1025 Boleslaus I At the death (1138) of Boleslaus III the kingdom was broken up; its reunification was begun by Ladislaus I , who was king from 1320 to 1333. During the period of disunity, the Teutonic Knights gained a foothold in the then pagan N Poland. Their power was only broken by their defeat at the hands of Polish-Lithuanian forces at Tannenberg (1410); by the second treaty of Torun (1466) they became vassals of the Polish kings. The main line of the Piast dynasty ended with the death (1370) of Casimir III , whose enlightened economic, administrative, and social policies included the protection of the Jews. He also completed the reunification of the kingdom. After Casimir, the crown passed to his nephew

10. Poland: History And Culture poland history (in Poland A Country Study); Solidarity's Coming Victory Big orToo Big Poland's Revolution as Seen from the US Embassy (National Security http://library.louisville.edu/government/international/poland/polhist.html

Poland: History and Culture Great Britain's Response to Germany's Invasion of Poland (Avalon Project, Yale Law School) The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field (Studies in Intelligence, CIA) The Quebec Conference: Declaration on German Crimes in Poland, ... Back to International Information Comments to Barbara Whitener, GovPubs Webmaster URL:http://library.louisville.edu/ekstrom/govpubs/international/poland/polhist.html

11. Poland History Malbork (Marienburg) and Elblag (Elbing) are ceded to Poland (1466). Statute ofPiotrków (the Magna Carta of Polish constitutional history) provides for http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/www/en/laenderinfos/laender/laender_ausgabe_html?

12. (Poland: History Of Its Elective Democracy) with the rise of the Solidarity movement in Poland in 1980, that prompted himto write this guide to the parliamentary history of Poland, publishing the http://wings.buffalo.edu/info-poland/JJ.html

Book chapters Constitutions, Elections and Legislatures of Poland, 1493-1993 By Jacek Jêdruch EJJ Books ISBN: 0-7818-0637-2 Table of Contents of this Book Book Chapters Home Page Info-Poland Home Page Chapter Two MONARCHY BECOMES THE FIRST REPUBLIC: KINGS ELECTED FOR LIFE Seyms Claim King-making Powers Pacta Conventa and the Rokosz, or Legalized Rebellion Cities Elect Representatives "Civitatum Nuntii" Peripatetic Seym and the Places Where it Met ... Political Personalities in the Seyms of the Early First Republic The death of the last male member of the Jagiellonian dynasty marked the beginning of the First Republic. The better part of the period covered here, 1573-1648, was devoted to the development of a truly elective chief executive office. The kings were now kings in name only and in fact became presidents of the Senate elected for life. The candidacy for the office became open to contenders from outside the ruling dynasty, and some 'commoners' later achieved that position. The royal election Seym operated with membership open to all adult members of the gentry who cared to attend. The rules of this direct election of chief executive included some novel features such as the 'pacta conventa' or the covenant between the ruler and the ruled. It constituted in effect a Bill of Rights, including the right to civil disobedience for citizens faced with an executive acting contrary to the Cardinal Laws of the country. In 1572 Inquisition was banned in Poland, and from 1563 onwards the state ceased to execute sentences imposed by Church courts. During the same period the principle of religious tolerance became law and placed Poland in stark contrast to other European countries torn apart by religious strife. A judiciary system was set up with elective judges, independent of the executive branch, and courts of appeal were established for Poland and Lithuania. The Seyms were elected now on a regular two-year schedule.

13. YMAA Poland HISTORY YMAA poland history. How everything have started in Poland? And howis it going recently? Well, one of the possible answers is below http://panda.bg.univ.gda.pl/~kwachu/YMAA/YMAA_History.html

YMAA Poland: HISTORY How everything have started in Poland? And how is it going recently? Well, one of the possible answers is below... CLICK Please click on pictures to get the finest sizes CLICK April 1986 Master Yang's first visit to Poland. During 2 week seminar he taught basics of YMAA Shaolin training. Tadeusz Gacki became coach instructor for Poland and YMAA Poland HQ in Tychy was established. July 1986 - February 1987 other schools in Poland have started YMAA training in such cities: Gdynia, Warszawa, Poznan, Kalisz and Gdansk. October 1988 Two week seminar in Tychy with YMAA instructor Alex Kiesel (Andover, MA, USA) September 1989 YMAA Poland consisted of following Provisional Schools: YMAA Tychy YMAA Bielsko-Biala YMAA Poznan YMAA Gdynia YMAA Gdansk YMAA Katowice YMAA Krakow October 1989 1 week winter seminar in Tychy with YMAA instructor Michael Witherhold (Boston, MA, USA). The seminar was dedicated to the fundamental training of Shaolin Kung Fu October 1990 1 week winter seminar in Tychy with YMAA instructor Peter Dinh (Boston, MA, USA). The seminar was dedicated to the fundamental training of Tai Chi Chuan and Shaolin Kung Fu Peter Dinh and group of students (Jaroslaw Koza and YMAA Gdynia) Peter presented double saber techniques May 1991 Master Yang Jwing-Ming and YMAA instructor Michael Witherhold visited Tychy and Gdansk. 2 week seminar was dedicated to the fundamental training of Tai Chi Chuan and Shaolin Kung Fu

14. Poland: History. Local History. poland history. Local history. 40104800 Subclass DK 4123-4452 HistoryPeriodicals, societies, serial, see DK4010+ 4123 Dictionaries. http://venus.ci.uw.edu.pl/~bfile/dkpl/dkph2.html

Poland: History. Local history. Subclass DK 4123-4452 History Periodicals, societies, serial, see DK4010+ 4123 Dictionaries. Chronological tables, outlines, etc. Biography Historiography To 1795 1795-1918. 19th century (General) ... Local history and description

15. Poland: History. By Period: 1918-1945 poland history. By period 19181945. 4010-4800 Subclass DK 4123-4452History By period 1918-1945 4397 Sources and documents 4400 http://venus.ci.uw.edu.pl/~bfile/dkpl/dkph5.html

Poland: History. By period: 1918-1945 Subclass DK History By period 1918-1945 4397 Sources and documents 4400 General works 4401 General special 4402 Political history 4402.5 Foreign and general relations 4403 Social life and customs. Civilization. 1918-1926 4403.5 General works Wars of 1918-1921 Including Russo-Polish War, 1919-1920 4409.4 Coup d'Etat, 1926 4409.5 1926-1939 1939-1945. Period of World War II For the war itself, see D731+ 4410 General works Including German occupation, 1939-1945 4415 Russian occupation, 1939-1941 Moscow Trial, see D802.P6 Biography and memoirs

16. Poland History-Aircraft Accidents This will increase the risk of an accident occurring in Poland if the runways areexpanded. History. Only one airline accident occurred in Androscoggin County. http://www.pivot.net/~cotterly/aviation.htm

Aviation Accident Total Score=60 Definition An accident involving a multi-passenger or cargo aircraft resulting in injuries, loss of life and destruction of private, business and industrial property when it impacts. Background The Auburn/Lewiston Municipal Airport is located on the Lewiston Junction Road in Auburn, within a mile of the Poland town line. It is the only airport near Poland that is capable of handling multi-passenger or cargo aircraft. Other commercial airports are located in Minot, Oxford, and Turner. Several lakes and ponds are also used in Poland by seaplane or amphibious aircraft. The Auburn/Lewiston Municipal Airport may soon have large cargo jets arriving and departing. The traffic patterns of these aircraft are substantially larger than the smaller aircraft that usually operate at the field. This will increase the risk of an accident occurring in Poland if the runways are expanded. History Only one airline accident occurred in Androscoggin County. This occurred in 1985 when a Bar Harbor Airlines Beech 99 crashed, killing all aboard. The crash site occurred within a mile of the Poland town line.

17. Poland: History History, Poland. The name Poland comes from a Polanian tribe, the Poles, who tilledthe soil in the Warta basin region, a region later known as Greater Poland. http://gbgm-umc.org/country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=123

18. WEST POLAND HISTORY Ad. WEST poland history. Part I. According to Poole's History of Poland,the first storekeeper in West Poland was Eben Smith whose father Gen. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~susan/westp.htm

WEST POLAND HISTORY Part I The town of Poland was separated from Mechanic Falls in 1796-7. It is said to have been named for the hymn POLAND, a favorite of an early settler, Moses Emery. According to Poole's History of Poland, the first storekeeper in West Poland was Eben Smith whose father Gen. John H Smith built the house where Ara Goss now lives. John Smith manufactured potash for many years, Potash Brook on the Johnson Hill Rd being named for the industry. The store was then located near the brook. About 1840, a store was built at the corner by Jasper Haskell but the one now standing was built by C F Jordan. Many different men whose names are well known in former years have operated this store: Jesse Patride, Francis Storer, J H Fernald, O S Keene, James Gerry and Daniel Hutchinson. Silas Megquier son of Edmund Megquier who was the first settler of West Poland, ran the store in 1867, and was succeeded by Storer and Goodwin, who ran it for many years. Eliphalet Dunn built a store in Herrick Valley. Herbert Gerry conducted a jewelry business since 1881 and in my day he was in a corner of Clarence Storer's store and Post Office. There were several mills operating in West Poland. A shingle mill was run by Hiram Keene. Solomon Knights built a mill on Taylor Brook. Daniel and David Brown later owned this mill. Jesse Patridge erected a new mill on this location in 1861 and he sold out to Orrin and Samuel Taylor, who sold it to Samuel H Dudley. In 1876 Corey Keene organized a cornet band with 16 members a more than half of them were Keene's. Lake Grange was formed May 23, 1874, with thirty-two members. N M Faunce was its first master. They met at various houses until 1880 when a house was purchased by Anthony Emery and remolded into a large and commodious hall which was for many years an ornament and convenience to the town. For lack of interest Lake Grange #84 was taken over in 1963 by Riverside Grange in Raymond, and the hall was sold to Willard Stone who converted it to use as a chicken house. In 1969 the building was torn down.

19. Poland: History encyclopediaEncyclopedia—poland history. Beginnings. The territorialdimensions of Poland have varied considerably during its history. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0860447.html

Celebs, Models ,Movie Stars... Magazines From Around the World! Ladies..Never pay retail again! Facial care packs and Cosmetics at lowest prices ! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Poland History Beginnings The territorial dimensions of Poland have varied considerably during its history. In the 9th and 10th cent., the Polians [dwellers in the field] gained hegemony over the other Slavic groups that occupied what is roughly present-day Poland. Under Duke Mieszko I Piast dynasty began (966) the conversion of Poland to Christianity. Gniezno was the first capital of Poland and Poznan the first episcopal see. The Piasts expanded their domains in wars against the German emperors, Hungary, Bohemia, Pomerania, Denmark, and Kiev, and in 1025 Boleslaus I At the death (1138) of Boleslaus III the kingdom was broken up; its reunification was begun by

20. .:::FLORENCJA AARTS:::. poland history. There's obviously something about the borders of Polandthat say 'Hey, come and get it'. All of the great (and many http://www.florence.pl/plhist.htm

// koniec skryptow odpowiedzialnych za dynamiczne menu na stronie POLAND HISTORY There's obviously something about the borders of Poland that say 'Hey, come and get it'. All of the great (and many of the lesser) European empire builders have been bingeing and purging here since the Polanie ('people of the fields') parked themselves in the 10th century. The unrelenting incursions have ceased only recently with the waning of Soviet influence. But war and subjugation is not Poland's only story. One of Europe's cultural powerhouses, as well as its erstwhile granary, Poland has flourished under some enlightened and energetic rulers. Casimir III the Great (1333-70) was a monarch of some renown, bestowing one of Europe's first universities on Kraków, and an extensive network of castles and fortifications on the country at large. Through the ensuing centuries of territorial expansion and contraction, and of wealth and poverty, the infrastructures bequeathed by Casimir held firm - most of Poland's troubles blew in from outside. Internal stability faltered in the 17th century. With the parliament crippled by a stipulation that any legislation could be vetoed by any one member, decades stumbled by without one law being passed and Poland was frustrated into dissent. While the nobles took things into their own hands, usurping political rights and ruling their vast estates as virtual suzerainties, foreign invaders systematically carved up Poland. Russia exerted the most influence but telling battles were also conducted with Tatars, Ukrainians, Cossacks, Ottomans and Swedes.

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