61. Health Care Delivery: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Affects Nearly A Third Of Tr posttraumatic stress disorder affects nearly a third of trauma patientsand hampers their recovery. People who suffer from posttraumatic http://www.ahcpr.gov/research/feb02/0202RA20.htm

Posttraumatic stress disorder affects nearly a third of trauma patients and hampers their recovery People who suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often have crippling recurrent flashbacks of the trauma, avoid related situations or people, and experience emotional numbness, nightmares, sleeping difficulty, irritability, and jumpiness. PTSD affects nearly a third (32 percent) of trauma victims and profoundly affects their recovery and quality of life, according to researchers involved in the Trauma Recovery Project, which was supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (HS07611). Led by Troy L. Holbrook, Ph.D., of the University of California, San Diego, the project team enrolled 1,048 adult trauma patients triaged at four trauma center hospitals between 1993 and 1996. These patients had been injured in a motor vehicle accident, been assaulted, or suffered a penetrating injury. The researchers assessed patients' quality of life after injury and early symptoms of acute stress reaction at discharge, and they diagnosed PTSD at 6, 12, and 18 months after discharge. Thirty-two percent of trauma patients were diagnosed with PTSD 6 months after discharge. Early symptoms of acute stress reaction were substantially higher in patients who developed PTSD (52 vs. 26 percent). Scores on a Quality of Well-being Scale were markedly lower at 6, 12, and 18 months followup for patients with PTSD compared with trauma patients who did not suffer from PTSD (0.576 vs. 0.658, 0.620 vs. 0.691, and 0.620 vs. 0.700, respectively). Uninjured healthy adults usually score from 0.830 to 0.900, with 1.0 representing optimum functioning.

62. Clinical Decisionmaking: Veterans Seeking Help For Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Veterans seeking help for posttraumatic stress disorder generallyadmit to their abuse of drugs. Being able to accurately evaluate http://www.ahcpr.gov/research/mar01/301RA12.htm

Veterans seeking help for posttraumatic stress disorder generally admit to their abuse of drugs Being able to accurately evaluate substance abuse in veterans suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is important for assessment and treatment planning. However, some suspect that veterans seeking treatment for PTSD may not be truthful about substance abuse because they fear losing entitlement to PTSD-related financial compensation. Yet few veterans seeking help for PTSD lie about substance abuse, according to a study supported in part by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (National Research Service Award training grant T32 HS00079). Researchers from Duke University Medical Center and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) in Durham, NC, compared drug urine screening results with self-reports of drug use by 341 male veterans referred to a VAMC PTSD specialty clinic. Through urine tests, patients were screened for use of amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, and phencyclidine. Veterans also completed a questionnaire asking about their use of these and other drugs during the previous 6 months. For more details, see "Drug use and validity of substance use self-reports in veterans seeking help for posttraumatic stress disorder," by Patrick S. Calhoun, Hayden B. Bosworth, Michael A. Hertzberg, and others, in the

63. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Substance Abuse In Women posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Substance Abuse in WomenPsychologicalTrauma and Substance Abuse in Women. Studies have http://home.earthlink.net/~bhilliard/

Psychological Trauma and Substance Abuse in Women Studies have found that women with histories of psychological trauma (including posttraumatic stress, dissociation and other psychiatric disorders linked to psychological trauma) often develop alcohol and drug abuse. The link between traumatic stress and substance abuse in women is just beginning to be explored in research and treatment settings. This website attempts to bring together in one place current information on this subject; for the women affected as well as the clinicians and researchers who are working to help them. Look for new links, especially in Resources Introduction Resources Recovery Stories About the Author ... Last updated: January 21, 2002

64. Diseases And Conditions -- Discovery Health -- Post-traumatic Stress Disorder posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is a condition resulting from atraumatic event outside the range of a person's normal experience. http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/706.html

post-traumatic stress disorder By Ann Reyes, Ph.D. Posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is a condition resulting from a traumatic event outside the range of a person's normal experience. What is going on in the body? PTSD is a psychological reaction to a catastrophic event outside of the individual. Researchers have identified changes in the central and autonomic nervous systems in people with PTSD. Changes in hormone systems have also been identified. There are three types of PTSD reactions: acute, in which symptoms last less than 3 months chronic, in which symptoms last longer than 3 months delayed, in which symptoms start at least 6 months after the actual trauma occurs What are the signs and symptoms of the condition? Symptoms of PTSD fall into three main categories. The first is reliving the event in one or more of the following ways: flashbacks, or reliving events as if they are occurring right now hallucinations, which means seeing or hearing things that are not real illusions, or misinterpretation of things that are seen or heard memories of the event physical sensations that recall the event recurrent dreams of the event severe emotional responses to new events similar to the traumatic event The second category involves a tendency to avoid reminders of the event. This tendency can cause the following symptoms:

65. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder RC, McCarthy, G., Charney, DS, and Innis, RB (1995) MRIbased measurement of hippocamalvolumne in patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. http://www.hula.net/~hulaboy/ptsd.htm

[home] [fiction] [nonfiction] [personal] ... hulaboy@hula.net Post Traumatic Stress Disorder By Greg Shannon Introduction As a veteran myself, I have always had an interest in the disorder. Why do some people get it and others do not? As a result of our Psychopathology class field trip to the PTSD Clinic, I have decided to make my primary applications for the Diagnostic Practicum to PTSD treatment programs. I do not plan to see this population in a practice, but I feel this will be invaluable in understanding the abused women that I anticipate encountering in the future. The literature search I have experienced has been extensive, and I have been enlightened beyond expectation. In the first section we will review the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD, and give consideration to the phenomenology of the disorder. Then in the second section, we review the models as they are described by psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive, and biological theories. It is here that we come to the disturbing realization that sophisticated scientific technology has provided evidence that traumatic stress is capable of causing irreversible brain damage. In the third

66. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder - Spanish Translate this page National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Sitio Web www.ncptsd.orgLa información específica para ex-combatientes, como http://www.nami.org/helpline/ptsd-sp.html

NAMInet Members and Leaders: sign up now! Not yet a member? Join NAMI today! Trastorno de estrés postraumático ¿Qué es el trastorno de estrés postraumático? El trastorno de estrés postraumático se conoce en inglés por sus siglas PTSD. Es un trastorno de ansiedad que puede surgir después de que una persona pasa por un evento traumático que le causó pavor, impotencia u horror extremo. El trastorno de estrés postraumático puede producirse a raíz de traumas personales (por ejemplo violación, guerra, desastres naturales, abuso, accidentes serios o cautiverio) o por haber presenciado o saber de un acto violento o trágico. Aunque es común pasar por un breve estado de ansiedad o depresión después de dichos eventos, las personas que sufren de trastorno de estrés postraumático siguen "volviendo a vivir" el trauma; evitan a las personas, los pensamientos o situaciones relacionadas con el evento y tienen síntomas de emociones excesivas. Las personas con este padecimiento sufren estos síntomas durante más de un mes y no pueden llevar a cabo sus funciones como lo hacían antes del suceso traumático. Los síntomas del trastorno de estrés postraumático por lo general aparecen en un período de tres meses de la situación traumática, sin embargo, a veces se presentan meses o hasta años después. ¿Qué tan común es el trastorno de estrés postraumático?

67. PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder): Trauma; Treatment; Symptoms; Coping Strate A description of the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), commontreatments, and selfhelp coping strategies. http://www.guidetopsychology.com/ptsd.htm

and PTSD Website Menus Page Contents: Introduction / Trauma Symptoms Coping Strategies Maladaptive Coping Strategies ... Terrorism and Trauma Traumatic Events I stress A traumatic event, whether a natural disaster such as an earthquake, flood, or fire, or an accident such as a car or airplane crash, can happen to anyone. Without a way of adapting, however, a person may find that symptoms develop to the point that they become unmanageable. The information contained in this page will help you understand what is happening to you and will also help you in deciding if you should seek outside assistance for your distress. Trauma T he oppressive psychological weight of trauma can result from a surprisingly diverse range of experiences, some of which you might never before have stopped to consider: Accidents Childhood physical, sexual, and emotional abuse Criminal assault Combat, as it affects military personnel and civilians Domestic violence and emotional abuse Hostage-taking situations Surgical medical procedures involving loss (e.g., amputation), death (e.g., abortion), or near death

68. Psych Central: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). SYMPTOMS. PostTraumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) is a debilitating condition that follows a terrifying event. http://psychcentral.com/disorders/sx32.htm

home resource library disorders quizzes ... support forums Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) SYMPTOMS Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that follows a terrifying event. Often, people with PTSD have persistent frightening thoughts and memories of their ordeal and feel emotionally numb, especially with people they were once close to. PTSD, once referred to as shell shock or battle fatigue, was first brought to public attention by war veterans, but it can result from any number of traumatic incidents. These include kidnapping, serious accidents such as car or train wrecks, natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes, violent attacks such as a mugging, rape, or torture, or being held captive. The event that triggers it may be something that threatened the person's life or the life of someone close to him or her. Or it could be something witnessed, such as mass destruction after a plane crash. Whatever the source of the problem, some people with PTSD repeatedly relive the trauma in the form of nightmares and disturbing recollections during the day. They may also experience sleep problems, depression, feeling detached or numb, or being easily startled. They may lose interest in things they used to enjoy and have trouble feeling affectionate. They may feel irritable, more aggressive than before, or even violent. Seeing things that remind them of the incident may be very distressing, which could lead them to avoid certain places or situations that bring back those memories. Anniversaries of the event are often very difficult.

69. Children Coping With Terrorism: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Or PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder A Developmental Perspective. www.ncptsd.orgsee the fact sheet What is posttraumatic stress disorder? http://merrill.ku.edu/IntheKnow/sciencearticles/terrorism.html

Science Research Policy Top 10 Things You Should Know . . . about children with specific language impairment printer-friendly version about children coping with terrorism printer-friendly version Science Features The Building Blocks of Language in Early Childhood printer-friendly version Self-Injurious Behavior: how science is delivering answers printer-friendly version Get the Facts on Aging Elderspeak Is it helpful or just baby talk? printer-friendly version Site Map Top 10 Things you should know . . . about children coping with terrorism We know more about how adults react to war and disaster than we do children. But researchers are beginning to document how children are uniquely affected, and how they can best heal. Psychologists are increasingly called upon for help in recovery efforts. The facts presented below stem from a broad research base that includes wartime, natural disasters and data from the bombing of the Alfred Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City the most significant terrorist act in the U.S. prior to September 11, 2001 when the World Trade Center and the Pentagon were attacked.

70. JUSTNET - School Safety Resources: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Call the NLECTC Information Hotline at 800248-2742 or email asknlectc@nlectc.org.School Safety Resources posttraumatic stress disorder. http://www.nlectc.org/assistance/ssres_psd.html

The National Institute of Justice is the research and development agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. NLECTC is a program of NIJ's Office of Science and Technology Call the NLECTC Information Hotline at 800-248-2742 or email asknlectc@nlectc.org School Safety Resources: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder American Counseling Association URL: http://www.counseling.org/consumers/consumers.htm Source: American Counseling Association Abstract: This site provides information on coping with a crisis situation and recognizing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Critical Incident Stress Management URL: http://www.911stress.com/ Source: 9-1-1 Magazine Abstract: This site lists books and other resources related to critical incident stress management. International Critical Incident Stress Foundation, Inc. URL: http://www.icisf.org/ Source: The International Critical Incident Stress Foundation, Inc. (ICISF) Abstract: This site contains information on the prevention and mitigation of disabling stress through the provision of: education, training, and support services for all emergency service professions. Law Enforcement Traumatic Stress: Clinical Syndromes and Intervention Strategies URL: http://www.aaets.org/arts/art73.htm

71. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder--When The Disaster Lives On - 4therapy.com posttraumatic stress disorderWhen the Disaster Lives On. Peoplewho are afflicted with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suffer http://www.4therapy.com/consumer/life_topics/item.php?uniqueid=4227

72. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - PTSD | FamilyResource.com A child or adolescent who experiences a catastrophic event may developongoing difficulties known as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). http://www.familyresource.com/parenting/52/225/

Thursday, April 10, 2003 Search Lifestyles Relationships Parenting Health ... Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - PTSD Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - PTSD by AACAP All children and adolescents experience stressful events which can affect them both emotionally and physically. Their reactions to stress are usually brief, and they recover without further problems. A child or adolescent who experiences a catastrophic event may develop ongoing difficulties known as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The stressful or traumatic event involves a situation where someone’s life has been threatened or severe injury has occurred (ex. they may be the victim or a witness of physical abuse, sexual abuse, violence in the home or in the community, automobile accidents, natural disasters (such as flood, fire, earthquakes), and being diagnosed with a life threatening illness). A child’s risk of developing PTSD is related to the seriousness of the trauma, whether the trauma is repeated, the child’s proximity to the trauma, and his/her relationship to the victim(s). Following the trauma, children may initially show agitated or confused behavior. They also may show intense fear, helplessness, anger, sadness, horror or denial. Children who experience repeated trauma may develop a kind of emotional numbing to deaden or block the pain and trauma. This is called dissociation. Children with PTSD avoid situations or places that remind them of the trauma. They may also become less responsive emotionally, depressed, withdrawn, and more detached from their feelings.

73. What Is Posttaumatic Stress Disorder Fact Sheet posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Symptoms. Symptoms mayinclude distressing recollections of the traumatic event (including http://www.thischildofmine.com/parenting/f_ptsd.htm

MEMBER OF: Martha's Tips and Facts Fact Sheet POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) Symptoms Treatment Co-morbid conditions such as depression and heightened levels of anxiety often go hand in hand with posttraumatic stress disorder. The sooner a child receives treatment after a traumatic event the better the prognosis for healing. Play therapy is the treatment of choice for young children. (See Play Therapy Fact Sheet.) Older children, including adolescents, may benefit from a combination of play and art therapy, journaling (writing it out), cognitive-behavioral therapy and traditional talk therapy. For the narrative that most clearly explains PTSD and the intervention of play therapy with positive outcome, see

74. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: What It Is And How To Help PostTraumatic Stress Disorder in Teens. Practice parameters for the assessmentand treatment of children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder. http://www.focusas.com/PTSD.html

Focus Adolescent Services Need help for your teen? Call toll-free 1-877-FOCUS-AS Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: What It Is and How To Help Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders Counseling and Therapy Teen Depression Click here to find out if your child is at-risk, displaying self-destructive behaviors, and needs your help and intervention. Home Resources State Directory Schools ... Contact Click here to receive information on private schools and residential programs for troubled teens. Information and Resources Abuse: Physical, Emotional, Sexual, Neglect American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress Care of the Adolescent Sexual Assault Victim The Child Survivor of Traumatic Stress ... Children, Community Violence, and Post-Traumatic Stress ~ Teens may exhibit identity, eating, and personality disorders and seizure-like states. Suicide attempts, substance abuse, self- mutilation, delinquency, truancy, and destructive sexual behaviors also may occur. Children and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: What Classroom Teachers Should Know Children and Trauma Coping with Traumatic Stress David Baldwin's Trauma Information Pages ~ Information for clinicians and researchers in the traumatic-stress field.

75. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Childhood And Adolescence: A Review posttraumatic stress disorder in Childhood Adolescence. Posttraumaticstress disorder (PTSD) is a prolonged, pathologic anxiety http://open-mind.org/SP/Articles/4g.htm

Homeopathic Products Message Board Chat Room Quotes on Fear, ... Workbook Posttraumatic Stress Disorder DSM-IV Prevalence of PTSD Among Adults Prevalence of PTSD Among Adolescents Despite some variation in the estimates among these 3 studies, it is apparent that the lifetime prevalence of PTSD among adolescents today greatly exceeds that found by ECA studies of adults in the 1980s. The occurrence of PTSD in these young populations probably reflects the well-documented increase of interpersonal violence in recent years. Nature of the Traumatic Experience In addition to the nature of the traumatic event, another important predictor is the total number of previous traumas the individual experienced. There is evidence suggesting that persons with a high number of past traumas, even though they did not lead to PTSD, have a higher risk of developing PTSD than persons with few or no lifetime traumas. Studies of veterans have shown that soldiers with a history of childhood physical or sexual abuse were more likely to develop PTSD than those without such a history, even though both groups had sustained combat trauma of equal severity. Persons who have had a series of low-risk traumas without consequence appear to be more vulnerable to developing PTSD after another low-risk trauma. The data seem to indicate a threshold effect that is reached either by a single high-risk trauma such as rape or by a series of low-risk traumas. Next >> Print Article Chat Rooms Medallions ... Search

76. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - About Thursday, February 06. posttraumatic stress disorder. A. The person has beenexposed to a traumatic event in which both of the following were present http://www.phobiaproducts.com/posttraumatic_stress_disorder_.shtml

Click Here For Web Assured Video Thursday, April 10 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder A. The person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which both of the following were present: the person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others .the person's response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror. Note: In children, this may be expressed instead by disorganized or agitated behavior B.The traumatic event is persistently reexperienced in one (or more) of the following ways: recurrent and intrusive distressing recollections of the event, including images, thoughts, or perceptions. Note : In young children, repetitive play may occur in which themes or aspects of the trauma are expressed. recurrent distressing dreams of the event. Note: In children, there may be frightening dreams without recognizable content. acting or feeling as if the traumatic event were recurring (includes a sense of reliving the experience, illusions, hallucinations, and dissociative flashback episodes, including those that occur on awakening or when intoxicated). Note: In young children, trauma-specific reenactment may occur.

77. Fact Sheet: Posttaumatic Stress Disorder Fact Sheet posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Symptoms. Symptoms mayinclude distressing recollections of the traumatic event (including http://harbpress.com/fm_thischild/f_ptsd.htm

Site Map Tell us what you think MEMBER OF: The Media are Welcome Please let us know if there are other items that would help or interest you. Fact Sheet POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) Symptoms Treatment Co-morbid conditions such as depression and heightened levels of anxiety often go hand in hand with posttraumatic stress disorder. The sooner a child receives treatment after a traumatic event the better the prognosis for healing. Play therapy is the treatment of choice for young children. (See Play Therapy Fact Sheet.) Older children, including adolescents, may benefit from a combination of play and art therapy, journaling (writing it out), cognitive-behavioral therapy and traditional talk therapy. For the narrative that most clearly explains PTSD and the intervention of play therapy with positive outcome, see

78. Teachers.Net Gazette November 2002 - POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD): A GUI posttraumatic stress disorder (Ptsd) A Guide for Educators from Gina Hoagland. InFocus posttraumatic stress disorder (Ptsd) A Guide for Educators http://teachers.net/gazette/NOV02/fyi7.html

TEACHERS.NET GAZETTE Volume 3 Number 11 COVER STORY A new museum dedicated to exploring the role of visual art in children's literature from around the world will open in Amherst, Massachusetts in November 2002... FYI SMORK's Awesome Internet Sites for Kids from: Deanna Phillips The World’s Largest Lesson - 12 November 2002! from: Charis Kumpula Cornell News - Removing stains from: Susan S. Lang Parent resource for the DOE from: Dean Kephart from: Reading is Fundamental 2003 Fulbright Memorial Fund Teacher Program - Three Week Study Visit to Japan from: Jaime McQueen U.S. History 101: Preserve and Protect from: Hallie Reed Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd): A Guide for Educators from: Gina Hoagland Volunteer at a Library in Africa or Central America from: The World Library Partnership November Columns November Articles November Regular Features Gazette Home Delivery: In Focus... Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd): A Guide for Educators From: Gina Hoagland Association For Childhood Education Internat. Suggestions for classroom activities that educators can use to help children overcome the effects of posttraumatic stress syndrome.

79. DEALING WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) CONTACT Gina Hoagland Phone 301.570.2111 October 25, 2002. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE.DEALING WITH posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) A GUIDE FOR EDUCATORS. http://www.udel.edu/bateman/acei/pressoct2502.htm

CONTACT: Gina Hoagland Phone: 301.570.2111 October 25, 2002 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE DEALING WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD): A GUIDE FOR EDUCATORS In the article "Traumatic Events and Children: How Early Childhood Educators Can Help," published in the Fall 2002 issue of Childhood Education magazine, Indiana University School of Education graduate student Kazim Alat reports that PTSD occurs in 29 to 95 percent of children affected by traumatic events. Those who experience traumatic events before age 11 are more likely to display psychological symptoms associated with PTSD than those who experience traumatic events at a later age (National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 2001). The teacher is an important part of a child's support system, and often the first adult to note symptoms of posttraumatic stress; therefore his or her responsibility does not end with notification to a professional counselor. Alat says that depending on the type of trauma and the age of the children, appropriate classroom activities can be planned to help children overcome the negative effects of posttraumatic stress. Educators may: Use toys and other materials to provide opportunities to reenact events from a traumatic event.

80. Member Sign In posttraumatic stress disorder in Childhood and Adolescence A Review fromMedscape General Medicine TM Posted 03/25/2002 Eva Yona Deykin, DrPH. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/430606

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