41. Festivals.com - Celebrating The World Of Festivals And Events Some are native americans, dressed in the traditional clothes at the fancy footworkof native American dances Pokagon band of the potawatomi indians who have http://www.festivals.com/01-07-july/plainsindians/

Feast of the Hunters' Moon Fort Ouiatenon in West Lafayette, Indiana October 13 - 14, 2001 Also visit our extensive spring feature, Continuing Traditions , about Native American celebrations throughout North America. Sample our recommended resources for teaching and learning about the Plains Indians and other North American native peoples. By Katherine Eklund Courtesy of Tippecanoe County Historical Association Kids and grown-ups wear a variety of historic and traditional clothing for different activities of the Feast. The "powwow" celebration originated with the Plains Indians and has spread throughout the Native American nations of the United States and Canada. Here's a sampling of our favorite Native American celebrations on the Plains A common figure of speech says that old habits die hard. But old skills, old crafts, the old knowledge and culture die quickly without people to practice them and pass them on. At the site of an 18th century French settlement in West Lafayette, Indiana, approximately 8,000 people come together each year for the Feast of the Hunters' Moon . They gather to remember, recreate, and educate others about the traditions of the different groups of people who met and interacted here 250 years ago.

42. NATIVE-L (October 1993): HR.878/S.1066 Restore Services To Pokagon Band of, and makes eligible for Federal services, the Pokagon Band of potawatomi indians. Nextarticle Bob Long Greens Support native americans ; Previous article http://nativenet.uthscsa.edu/archive/nl/9310/0070.html

HR.878/S.1066 Restore Services to Pokagon Band Western Shoshone Defense Project wsdp@rahul.net Tue, 5 Oct 1993 00:49:43 GMT Articles sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next article: Bob Long: "Greens Support Native Americans" Previous article: Michele Lord: "Declaration of Vision/Parliament of World's Religions" [ This article relayed from the Usenet "soc.culture.native" newsgroup ] H.R.878 (C103) 02/04/93 Rep Upton, (Cosp=5) House Natural Resources OFFICIAL TITLE(S): AS INTRODUCED: (DATA FURNISHED BY THE HOUSE) A bill to restore Federal services to the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians. COMMITTEE(S) OF REFERRAL: House Natural Resources SUBCOMMITTEE(S) OF REFERRAL: Hsc Native American Affairs DETAILED STATUS STEPS: HOUSE ACTIONS Sep 17, 93 Subcommittee Hearings Held. Feb 4, 93 Referred to the House Committee on Natural Resources. Mar 2, 93 Referred to the Subcommittee on Native American Affairs.

43. NATIVE-L (April 1993): Brazilian Indians Demand Their Land A followup on Ong and the potawatomi project March 24(RHC)- Brazil Brazilian Indiansare demanding The native americans also blocked a railroad line that runs http://nativenet.uthscsa.edu/archive/nl/9304/0011.html

Brazilian Indians demand their land phil mueller hi23ahg@rs1.tcs.tulane.edu Tue, 30 Mar 1993 21:08:21 CST Articles sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next article: jsmckinn@iastate.edu: "A follow-up on Ong and the Potawatomi project" Previous article: kentj@snycorva.bitnet: "Help - Indigenous Brazilians" Here is another interesting article from Radio Havana that I would share with members of the list. BRAZILIAN INDIANS DEMAND THEIR LAND Havana, March 24(RHC)- Brazil: Brazilian Indians are demanding their rights. Last Monday, members of the Guajararas and Guajas tribes took over an office of the the Brazilian government Indian agency, Funai, and took seven officials hostage in the northern state of Para. The native Americans also blocked a railroad line that runs from the interior of the country to a port city. The Indian'smain demand is for the demarkation of lands which belong to them but are being usurped by a mineral company. The company which extracts 200 tons of minerals a day from their lands, uses the railroad to transport the materials. The Indians have agreed to begin negotiations if the company sends

44. Native Languages Of The Americas: Preserving And Promoting The Languages Of Amer events potawatomi indians The potawatomi people, their are around 25 million Americanindians speaking one majority of these are native americans from Central http://www.geocities.com/bigorrin/home.htm

What's new on our site today! Native Languages of the Americas Welcome to Native Languages of the Americas. This site is not beautiful. Probably, it never will be. Neither of us is a web designer. (I, Orrin, am barely computer-literate, to be honest. Many thanks to Laura for her help.) But this site has inner beauty, for it is, or will be, a compendium of the indigenous people and languages of the Western Hemisphere. Please do not send us email offering us your services to create flash and music for this site. First, we are volunteers and have no money to pay you. Second, this website is intended to be one that will not crash the kind of computers they have at Indian grade schools, and that means no flash videos or rippling pools or background music. Sorry. Click here for a list of indigenous American peoples featured on our site. Click here for an alphabetical master list of American Indian tribes and languages , with links to more information about each. Click here for Amerindian language family groupings Click here for links to books and other resources by and about American Indians.

45. Potawatomi Language And The Potawatomi Indian Culture (Nishnabek, Bode'wadmi, Po native language of the potawatomi indians, with links to potawatomi culture, history, and genealogy.Category Science Social Sciences Algic potawatomi...... The americans didn't defeat the British, but they http//www.ipl.org/cgi/ref/native/browse.pl htmEncyclopedia articles about the potawatomi indians http//www http://www.geocities.com/bigorrin/pota.htm

Native American language index What's new on our site today! Native Languages of the Americas: Potawatomi (Bode'wadmi, Pottawatomie, Pottawotomi) Language: Potawatomimore properly spelled Bode'wadmi, though it seldom isis an Algonquian language spoken by fewer than 100 people in Ontario and the north-central United States. The current speakers are all older people and there is fear that the language may die out, though language revitalization efforts are ongoing. People: The Potawatomi people hail from the Great Lakes region, though many were relocated to Kansas and Oklahoma during the Indian Removals. They are near relatives and allies of the Ojibwe and Ottawa , and the name "Potawatomi" refers to their religious/political role as "fire keepers" in that alliance. Their name for themselves is "Nishnabek" (related to the Ojibwe word "Anishinabeg.") There are about 28,000 Potawatomi Indians today. History: The Potawatomi, Ojibwe , and Ottawa belong to a traditional alliance known as the Council of Three Fires. This alliance is not as well-known as the Iroquois Confederacy , with whom they often clashed, but it was the Three Fires People who came out on top in the end. During the War of 1812, the Potawatomi tribe supported the

46. Zwolle Elementery School - Home - Native Americans native American indians, Arrowhead Pictures and Links. American indians andthe Natural World, Lakota Nation. potawatomi Nation, Great Sioux Nation. http://www.sabine.k12.la.us/zes/nativeamericans/default.htm

Native Americans HOME ADMINISTRATION FACULTY HISTORY ... The National Museum of the American Indian Native American Coloring Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Native American Indian: Art, Culture, Education, History, Science ... Native American Legends, Folk Tales, and Stories

47. Moellering Library FYI: Native American Culture Alive At VU these two events, plus VU's film series on native americans and The Torch's recentcoverage of activities recognizing the potawatomi indians, Moellering would http://www.valpo.edu/library/fyi/nativeamerican.html

Back to the FYI Index FYI . . . Quick takes on Moellering Library resources and events Native American Culture Alive at VU Kathy Neale, Administrative Assistant to the University Librarian Though most Americans celebrate the month of October with Halloween festivities, many don't think of October 5 as a day of national recognition. But if you're Native American, or closely associated with that culture, you'll quickly recognize the names of Chief Joseph and Tecumseh. Coincidentally, they both made history that ill-fated day, though their encounters were 64 years apart. Tecumseh, a Shawnee Indian Chief who advocated the establishment of an Indian confederation to resist the encroachment of whites on their land, joined British forces in the War of 1812 to fight against Americans and was killed at the Battle of the Thames in 1813. In 1877, after an attempted 1000-mile retreat to Canada from Oregon, Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce Indians surrendered to US Cavalry troops. They were making a futile effort to escape the US government's edict to move them to a reservation in Idaho. Though Tecumseh died immediately fighting those who threatened Indian freedom, Chief Joseph's death was a much slower and more painful struggle. He didn't die until 1904, on the Colville Indian Reservation in Washington state...some say of a broken heart. Nonetheless, both emerged as two of the greatest American Indians.

48. Native Americans Of The Clinton River Watershed Some native americans have even joined forces with environmentalists and conservationiststo Handbook of North American indians, vol See chapter on potawatomi. http://www.crwc.org/projects/history/nahistory.html

About Us Calendar Projects Publications ... Links It is likely that human newcomers to the Great Lakes Basin hunted large game such as mastodons, elk caribou and gathered wild plants and seeds. Hunting these types of migrating game animals would have required a nomadic lifestyle. Therefore it is not likely that groups or individuals acquired many belongings, rather they rebuilt their lives wherever they went. About 10,000 years ago, the climate grew warmer, and the flora and fauna of the Great Lakes region began to change and adapt to this warmer climate. Mammals that were adapted to ice age conditions migrated north, and some even died. Many Native Americans decided to stay behind and adapt to the new environment, but some humans followed the beasts north into Canada, continuing to hunt and gather. Nevertheless, the archaeological record still suggests a significant increase in human population in the Great Lakes region during this time, most likely due to the less hostile climate. It seems that this increase in human population triggered the development of separate group identities with complex social structures. The Native Americans that settled in the Great Lakes Basin 10,000 years ago consist mainly of three Nations (groups) that shared a common linguistic stock called Algonguian. This means that the three groups spoke different dialects of the same base language, allowing communication between groups. These three Nations include Ojibwa, Ottawa and Potawatomi. The Ojibwa nation occupied parts of Canada, Wisconsin and the upper peninsula of Michigan. The Ottawa, to some degree a more nomadic people, occupied the northern 1/3 of Michigan's Lower Peninsula, and traveled throughout the great lakes area further west, past the Mississippi River trading goods with western Nations. Finally, the Potawatomi nation occupied the southern region of Michigan's Lower Peninsula and parts of Ohio, Illinois and southern Wisconsin.

49. Native Americans 1819, Federal allocation of money for native americans' education; Indian 1838, Treatywith the New York indians, 1838 1846, Treaty with the potawatomi Nation, 1846 http://academic.udayton.edu/race/03justice/nalaws.htm

Race, Racism and the Law Speaking Truth to Power!! Traduzca esta página, Traduisez cette page, Traduza esta página from Inglés al español Anglais-français Inglês ao português Please Sign the Guest book! Read the Guestbook Survey: Status of Race Relations in the United States Survey: Homeland Security Quiz American Indians: Laws and Policies Vernellia R. Randall Professor of Law and Web Editor Search this site powered by FreeFind What's New Law Review Articles Announcements ... Awards and Recognitions Units Race and Racial Groups Citizenship Rights Justice and Race Patterns of Basic Needs ... Human Rights Syllabi Race and Racism Surveys Race Relations Who is White? Social Contact Want Monthly Updates? Send us your email address: Preferred Language of Updates: English Español Français Português Favorite Poetry Invictus The Bridge Poem Still I Rise No Struggle No Progress Related Websites Race and Health Care Gender and the Law Legal Education Personal Homepage Extermination and Conquest Control by Treaties Forced Acculturation Cultural Pluralism Termination Period ... Attack on Sovereignty and Treaties 1954 - Present Convergent of Minority Group Interests Civil Rights, Affirmative Action, Reentrenchment

50. Native Americans Links Translate this page native Web, Die Indianer dieser Welt. potawatomi, Citizen potawatomi Nation. PowhatanRenape Nation, Powhatan Renape Nation. Shawnee, United Tribe Of Shawnee indians. http://www.indianer-web.de/links.htm

Last Update: 27. Juni 2002 First Nations Links Arrow Space Arrow Space - eine Lakota Rock Band von der Pine Ridge Reservation Arrow Space Arrow Space und ihre Songs AIM American Indian Movement American Indian Page Menschenrechts-Organisation Annie Mae Aquash Blackfeet Blackfeet-Nation Cherokee.Net Home of the Cherokee Archival Projekt Cherokee - Trail of Tears Cherokee Cherokee - Trail of Tears Cherokee in North Georgia Cheyenne Cheyenne Genealogy Research Delaware Tribe Delaware (Lenape) Tribe of Indians First Nations Index Page First Nations Index Fort Laramie Chronol. List of Ft. Laramie History 1812-1890 Fort Laramie National Historic Site Ohwejagehka: Ha`idegaenage Sprache, Songs (zum Downloaden), Dancer der Irokesen, Six Nations Links Indians.org Indianer-Verwaltung Jamestown History Die erste (engl.) Siedlung in der Neuen Welt Chief Joseph meome-Guide Deutsche Kulturanthtropologie-Seite Dakota Youth Project Lakota Black Hills und Lakota Sioux Nation Lakota-Kalender Lakota Fund Chief Arvol Looking Horse 19th Generation Keeper of the Original Sacred White Buffalo Calf Pipe of the Lakota Bericht aus einer Lakota-Reservation Die Wirklichkeit der Situation in einer Lakota-Reservation Freundschaftskreis Lakota Freundschaftskreis der Lakota Lakota-Language Die Sprache der Sioux The Muh-he-ka-ne-ok Nicht die letzten Mohikaner Native Web Die Indianer dieser Welt Oglala Lakota Sioux Historik, Kultur und Chiefs

51. Marilee's Native Americans Resource Nanticoke, Neutral, Nipissing, Oneida, Onondaga, Ottawa, Petun, potawatomi, Sauk,Seneca by Mir Tamim Ansary, 2001 California indians (native americans), by Mir http://marilee.us/nativeamericans.html

Home Word Puzzles Picturebooks KidPix/KidWorks Projects ... Link-Backs Marilee's Native Americans Resource Cherokee Comanche Cree Haida Hopi Inuit Iroquois Navajo Nez Perce Pomo Sioux Ute Wampanoag Misc. Tribes Clothing Craft Projects Famous People Legends Recipes Songs, Dances, Games Creation stories teach that Native Americans have been where they are since the world was created. It is also thought that First Americans migrated from Siberia over the Bering Strait about 14,000 years ago, or perhaps even earlier. The land bridge was dry ground for several thousand years before the sea level rose again and stopped migration. The hunters would have followed the migrating herds of large mammals as they moved south. As the glaciers melted, the First Americans spread to the North American coasts and across the entire continent. Native Americans adapted to the climates and terrains in which they lived and used whatever natural resources were available. The arrival of the Europeans in the 1500's began a change in the lives of the Indian people that continued through the next centuries. Sometimes the changes were good. The horses brought by the Spanish made bison hunting much easier and safer. But Vikings, Spanish, English and French explorers, colonists and missionaries spread diseases, made slaves of the people, forced relocations, claimed ownership of natural resources and land, and tried to stamp out the native cultures. Some of the Indian people survived, but not without making drastic changes in their life styles.

52. Millersville University, Ganser Library native americans The Invisible People, Video E98.S67 N38x1995, Navaho (indians ofNorth America Series I, V potawatomi (indians of North America Series II, V. 8 http://library2000.millersville.edu/video/index.cfm?viewby=division&division=17

53. The Removal Project sites is providing new information about the strategy that native americans usedto village was inhabited by the Pokagon Band of potawatomi indians around AD http://www.nd.edu/~mschurr/removal_project.html

Removal Period Archaeology: The Historical Archaeology of Native American Strategies Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History metis, or mixed Potawatomi and French). Mary Ann was the daughter of Stephen Bennac, and she lived at the cabin site investigated during the 2002 field school. This will be a great opportunity to look at ethnic variation at early sites. The McCartney cabin site surface has produced pottery sherds dating to the Removal period. The Bennac Village Site: The 2002 field school returned to the Bennac Village site at the Potawatomi Wildlife Park , and . The cabin site itself has apparently been destroyed, but the 2002 investigations still provided an good cross-section of artifact styles used at the site for comparison with other sites. Earlier field schools have worked in several different parts of the The Pokagon Village: In 2001, the last three weeks of the class were spent at the Pokagon Village site, a historic site that is now located on private property with several owners. This historic village was inhabited by the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians around A.D. 1830, one of many

54. Native Americans In IL The indians were hunters and gathers, not farmers native americans thought of thewolf as a teacher Confederation and included the Fox, potawatomi and Cahokia. http://www.museum.state.il.us/mic_home/schools98/simmons/project2/NATIVE_AMERICA

Native Americans and the Wolf Picture from web site for White Mountain Sanctuary The land of Illinois was hunted by many Native Americans. In our research we found that the settlers treated the Native Americans much the same as the wolves. The settlers that came, first the French traders and then the farmers, were afraid of the Native American ways. The Indians were hunters and gathers, not farmers, and this frightened the settlers. The Native Americans protected the animals and would follow the wolf to hunt their food. Native Americans thought of the wolf as a teacher and would not harm the animals. Many legends are told of the wolf as a teacher and helper of the human, never as an enemy. The major tribes in Illinois were part of the Illinois Confederation and included the Fox, Potawatomi and Cahokia. The settlers traded with the Native Americans, and slowly their lifestyles changed from following the seasons to trapping and farming. After many of the settlers arrived, the Native Americans were forced to move West. image taken from web site Flaming Wolf The wolf was very important to the Native Americans and had a great role in their daily lives. The

55. State Tax Withholding For Native Americans PERSRU will have eligible native americans sign DD will click on the native Americanchoice Forest County potawatomi Community of Wisconsin potawatomi indians. http://www.uscg.mil/hq/hrsic/Manuals-Pubs-Newsletters/alpersru/t01.htm

E-Mail ALPERSRU T/01 27 September 2001 E-Mail ALPERSRU T/01 Personnel and Pay Procedures Manual, HRSICINST M1000.2A Introduction This E-mail ALPERSRU announces new procedures for eligible Native American service members to claim exemption from state tax withholding. Discussion The Department of Justice has concluded that the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Civil Relief Act prohibits states from taxing the military compensation of a Native American service member who claims a tribal reservation as their residence and earns military compensation off the reservation by virtue of compliance with military orders. Eligibility Native Americans who meet all of the following requirements are exempt from state income tax: Claim a federally recognized tribal reservation/or Indian Country as their domicile. A list of federally recognized tribes is found in Enclosure (1) Be enrolled as a member of that federally recognized Native American tribe. Have an assigned Minority Designation Code of "3", American Indian (including Alaskan Natives). The Minority Designation code can be viewed in the PMIS database on Inquiry Screen 1. Notification HRSIC will print an LES remark on the end-month October LES notifying members that Native Americans who claim a federally recognized tribal reservation as their domicile should contact their PERSRU to learn how they may stop state income tax withholding from their military compensation.

56. Tulsa City-County Library -- Collections & Services -- American Indian Collectio Exploring native americans Across the Curriculum by the editors of Education World Farm,Illinois, studied a different aspect of potawatomi indians, one of http://www.tulsalibrary.org/collections/aic/educational.htm

American Indian Collection Educational Resources Art Biography Genealogy History ... Tips for Teachers WEB SITES: AskERIC . U.S. Department of Education Resource Information Center (ERIC) Lesson Plan Database is searchable by subject and keyword. "American Indians" yielded 28 lesson plans for a variety of grade levels. URL: http://askeric.org/Virtual/Lessons/ Native American Navigator URL: http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/k12/naha/nanav.html Cradleboard Teaching Project . Award-winning songwriter and activist Buffy Sainte-Marie's innovative project dedicated to improving educational curricula about native peoples both for schools in Indian Country and for mainstream schools. URL: http://www.cradleboard.org Exploring Native Americans Across the Curriculum by the editors of Education World provides lesson ideas, plans and links to sites appropriate for use in classroom instruction. Dedicated to helping teachers use the web, the searchable site is a good resource for any subject. URL: http://www.education-world.com/a_lesson/lesson038.shtml

57. TMCC Virtual Library: Native American Collection: Treaties laws and executive orders concerning native americans from 1871 the United Statesby the potawatomi indians by Dr been excerpted from the native American History http://www.bmcc.org/libtest/tmcc/Student-Affairs/lib/special/natreaties.html

TMCC Virtual Library Native American Collection : Treaties Online Book: Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties (Kappler, 1903-1904) From the web site, " Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties , compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler, is an historically significant, seven volume compilation of U.S. treaties, laws and executive orders pertaining to Native American Indian tribes. The volumes cover U.S. Government treaties with Native Americans from 1778-1883 (Volume II) and U.S. laws and executive orders concerning Native Americans from 1871-1970 (Volumes I, III-VII). ... Enhanced by the editors' use of margin notations and a comprehensive index, the information contained in Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties is in high demand by Native peoples, researchers, journalists, attorneys, legislators, teachers and others of both Native and non-Native origins. Volume II in its entirety is now available. Volumes I, III and IV will be digitized and available later this year [2000]." U.S. Congressional Documents: Serial Set: Indian Land Cessions From the web site, "U.S. Serial Set Number 4015 contains the second part of the two-part Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1896-97 by J.W. Powell, Director. (Part one, printed in U.S. Serial Set Number 4014, will be available at a later time.) Part two of the Report features sixty-seven maps and two tables compiled by Charles C. Royce, with an introductory essay by Cyrus Thomas. The tables are entitled: 1) Schedule of Treaties and Acts of Congress Authorizing Allotments of Lands in Severalty, and 2) Schedule of Indian Land Cessions.

58. MATC Library - Resouces By Subject - Native Americans indians of North America (series) Student AV. CROW 1995 Video; A History of NativeAmericans 970.004 HISTO NAVAJO 1993 Video; The potawatomi 970.00497 POTAW http://matcmadison.edu/library/library/subjectresources/nativeamericans.htm

Resources by Subject Native Americans Internet Resources Electronic Databases Audiovisual Materials Reference ... Return to Main Subject Listing Assistance with research is available from the library staff. Telephone: (608) 243-4264. Email a reference question. Online Chat with a Librarian (live chat) Internet Resources Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties An historically significant, seven volume compilation of U.S. treaties, laws and executive orders pertaining to Native American Indian tribes. The volumes cover U.S. Government treaties with Native Americans from 1778-1883 (Volume II) and U.S. laws and executive orders concerning Native Americans from 1871-1970 (Volumes I, III-VII). Native American Authors http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/ From the Internet Public Library Native American Indians by History Link 101 http://www.historylink101.com/1/native_american/native_american_indian.htm Directory of evaluated websites on native american art, daily life, maps, pictures and research. Native American Sites http://www.nativeculture.com/lisamitten/indians.html

59. Native Americans Southwest native americans http//inkido.indiana.edu/w310work/romac/swest potawatomi- http//www.dickshovel.com/pota.html Pueblo indians http//hanksville http://www.kathimitchell.com/Natam.htm

Native Americans General Information Individual Tribes Other Information Lisa Mitten's site http://www.nativeculture.com/lisamitten/indians.html *American History Sources for Students - Indiginous Peoples from 4th and 5th Grade Student Research Resources http://www.learning.caliberinc.com/indians.html *Global Access to Educational Sources - extension of previous link - middle school http://www.geocities.com/jk02.geo/index6.html Ancient Cultures/Native Americans /Clovis/Adena/Mound Builders/Anasazi from Boston Pub. Sch. http://bps.boston.k12.ma.us/rc328sb/dw/dew970.htm Canada's First Nations - Native Groups, Clothing, Toys, Musical Instruments http://www.civilization.ca/ Native Nations Online - http://cooday8.tripod.com/nations.htm *First Americans from Germantown, IL third graders http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/html/intro.html Woodland Indians - http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/html/woodland2.html Plains Indians - http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/html/plains.html California-Intermountain Indians - http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/html/California.html Southwest Indians - http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/html/southwest.html

60. Introducing Indiana By the 1840s, most native americans had been forcibly removed from the state to and5 vice presidents to the US; In 1838, the potawatomi indians were removed http://www.statelib.lib.in.us/www/ihb/publications/people.html

document.write(""+list[j]+""); Introducing Indiana - Indiana's People The land which became the state of Indiana was occupied by paleoindians, approximately 12,000-10,000 years ago. There is rich archaeological evidence of their habitations. Historic American Indian tribes lived on this land as well, inspiring the state's nameIndiana, the land of Indians. The earliest documented European to visit the area was LaSalle in 1679. French and later British traders entered this area from Canada eager for furs. They traded with the Native Americans, who generally established only seasonal villages. French forts were established at sites that are now Lafayette (1717), Fort Wayne (1721), and Vincennes (1732). Settlers from the British colonies on the east coast of America began migrating west in the mid-1700s seeking land for farming. The American Revolution and the formation of the United States of America brought more demand for western land and more conflicts with Native Americans, who had established more permanent villages. The Historic Native American Villages in Indiana maps and the U.S. Land

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