61. Charlemagne feed themselves. Few people had much money, and the government and lawsof the old roman empire had disappeared. To improve conditions http://home.gci.net/~airloom/charlema.htm

Charlemagne - Founder of the Holy Roman Empire Charlemagne , pronounced SHAHR luh mayn (742-814), or Charles the Great, was the most famous ruler of the Middle Ages and a key figure in European history. He conquered much of western Europe and united it under a great empire. Charlemagne revived the political and cultural life of Europe, which had collapsed after the fall of the West Roman Empire in the A.D. 400's. His activities laid the foundation of the European civilization that arose during the later Middle Ages. More is known about Charlemagne than most medieval rulers because of a biography written by Einhard, a friend of his son Louis the Pious. This biography describes Charlemagne as more than 6 feet (2 meters) tall, with piercing eyes, fair hair, a thick neck, and a potbelly. He was strong, fond of exercise, and had an alert mind and a forceful personality. Charlemagne could read and speak Latin, the language of educated people of his time. However, he never learned to write it. Military conquests.

62. Roman Dystopia, Jessica Pickell, 01/01/26 share and contributed to the fall of the roman empire. Our trust in the governmenthas lead to hundreds of new policies and laws limiting our freedom. http://www.mala.bc.ca/~soules/media113/utopia/pickell/dystopia.htm

by Jessica Pickell What will our world be like in the future? Will history repeat itself? By looking at the many similarities between the peak of the Roman Empire and our present society, it looks like we have something to learn from the fate of Rome. There are many similarities between the height of the Roman Empire and today. Both our society and the Roman's society were very advanced and had a great deal of technology for their times. According to Professor Gerhard Rempel, literature during most of the Roman Empire was "overcome by a sort of indolent apathy" which was reflected in municipal life, This is comparable to the mass media displays of today. With the brutal games, and the violence of media, both societies were desensitized. Both societies were also dominated by materialists. Cities would spend themselves into debt, just as countries do today, and would lose their freedom to the state. While the Romans had the Roman bureaucracy, we have the United Nations, or on a smaller scale, the federal government. People today depend heavily on governments, trusting the bureaucracy to take care of them. It was this way at the height of the Roman Empire as well. All of these traits our societies share and contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire. It is reasonable then, that by looking at the similarities that caused Rome to fall, and what happened to it afterwards, that we can predict our own future. For example, the citizens' dependence on the government led to a loss of freedom. This has already happened with our world as well. Our trust in the government has lead to hundreds of new policies and laws limiting our freedom.

63. SSC - TEKS And TAKS - TEKS Glossary - J The three branches of government legislative, executive and Justinian's Code ofLaws World History. Rome who tried to unify the roman empire between 527 http://socialstudies.tea.state.tx.us/teks_and_taas/teks/glossJ.htm

TEKS TAKS TEKS and TAKS TEKS Glossary J A Amendment B C ... Texas Education Agency

64. ORB: The Online Reference Book For Medieval Studies Most of the population of the roman empire lived within easy reach of seatrade andnaval communications between the various parts of the empire. government. http://orb.rhodes.edu/textbooks/Nelson/roman_empire.html

Lectures for A Medieval Survey Lynn H. Nelson The Roman Empire At Its Height In many ways, the Roman empire remains the model for Western civilization. The question why the empire fell is an important one because many people believe that the answer might reveal a flaw or weakness in Western civilization itself. This question may or may not have an answer, but we have to understand the nature of the empire before considering how and why it fell. 1. The Roman empire was not unique. It was one of the classical empires of the Old World. These empires Han China, Mauryan India, Sassanid Persia and the Rome arose in the period 200-100 BC, and were characterized by the fact that they were formed by the union of at least two widely disparate geographical regions. Han China had arisen in the valley of the northern, Huang-ho River and had conquered the southern Yang-tze River valley; Mauryan India had expanded from the valley of the Indus River to occupy the valley of the Ganges River; the Persians, inhabitants of mountains and plateau of what is now the nation of Iran, had gained control of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), the basin of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; the Romans, inhabitants of a small town in Italy, in the western basin of the Mediterranean, had manages to conquer first the entire western basin, and then the eastern basin of this almost land-locked body of water. 2. Let's consider the differences between the western portion of the empire, centered on the western Mediterranean, and the eastern portion, which included lands that had been deeply influenced by Greek culture.

65. Roman Politics In The First Century government in Judea had a separate and distinct existence from the other politicalinstitutions in the empire. 6 Judea was adopted as an official roman province http://www.thirdmill.org/Paul2/politics.asp

66. The Roman Empire examplehe nevertheless fundamentally transformed the government by taking everyonewho lived in the roman empire was a citizen of the empire and subject to http://campus.northpark.edu/history/Koeller/whi/Rome.N.html

The Roman Empire I. Overview of Roman History Roman history is divided into three major periods. A. The Roman Republic. This is the period of greatest expansion. Political power was in the hands of the patrician classthe wealthy landownerswho governed through the Senate. B. The Roman Empire. The term "empire" here refers to the form of the government and not to the territory. The Roman Empire, in the sense of conquests, occurred during the Republican period, but, around the year 27 BC, the form of the government was changed to an empire. C. The Byzantine Empire. Around the year AD 300, the Roman Empire is divided into two halved to make governing easier. The emperor Constantine moves the capital of the Eastern half of the empire to the city of Byzantium, which he renames Constantinople. When the western half of the empire collapses after the barbarian migrations of the 5th century, the eastern half of the empire, which continues the cultural and political traditions of Rome, is called the Byzantine Empire. This empire lasts until 1453. II. The Empire under Augustus.

67. Interconnected Decadence and the fall of the roman empire ¬ Apple Using cut it looks like powerlaws are characteristic Create a government according to your personal values http://interconnected.org/home/2002_12_01_archive.shtml

Soma FM is back! Wicked. Cliqhop This is INTERCONNECTED A weblog by Matt Webb Latest at Upsideclown : Character Building Latest at Upsideclone : The Face of The Future You're probably looking for my email address or the RSS feed Also on this page are a site map and the archives Mini links / Rolling list of recently browsed / Archive RSS BBC News- Decoding Iraq's symbols of celebration Ftrain- Accordion Time, Liquid Time ... UpMyStreet- Press releases- 3rd April 2003. Sigh London feels on the edge, Unseasonal changes And a thought crystallised. London has a pre-war feel to it; not in the sense of rattling trams and fog, but in the sense of people fearing the worst, and knowing that the worst won't happen in Stow-on-the Wold or Motherwell but at a station somewhere on the Victoria line It's interesting, how the mood of a city changes. It'd be interesting to read more about Mass Observation , something mentioned in the article, a recording of the voice and everyday life of Britain in 1937, founded by Tom Harrison and Charles Madge. Trans-1's creator, IS Bely (1972-), said that he hoped the typeface would illuminate the richness of language, the interconnectedness, the nuance of the web. But instead, Trans-1 reveals language's poverty, its inadequate approximations, how a web is made of holes, how the river of words flows always away from us

68. A Discussion Of Geographic Subject Headings terms of the card catalog, all laws for the guidelines issued by the Leningrad citygovernment in 1942 throughout the area of the Holy roman empire, it would http://www.indiana.edu/~libslav/slavcatman/geogen.html

Slavic Cataloging Table of Contents Index Preface to the Short Courses A Discussion of Geographic Subjects and Descriptive Headings By James L. Weinheimer Sept. 2000 Go to: Subject Analysis Name and Title Changes o help grasp the concept of a geographic subject heading, the differences between geographic headings and descriptive headings must be understood. A geographic subject heading relates solely to the geographic area of a place and has nothing whatever to do with politics The only time it relates to a contemporary political situation is when it also has a chronological subdivision A descriptive name heading relates to the political situation at the time of the item's subject. Many times these forms are the same, but often, they can be different. Discussion: L'viv (Ukraine) is the name of a city currently located in Ukraine. As we know, the name of this city has changed throughout the years. How does the cataloger deal with this in the catalog? For descriptive headings , if we have a collection of municipal laws of L'viv for example, we must do some research into the history of the city before we can assign a descriptive heading. In the case of L'viv, a cataloger has done this for us already, and has added the following information to the NAF record: L'vov; city in western Ukraine, founded 1256; from 13th cent. to 1772 part of Poland, from 1772 part of Austria and called Lemberg until 1918, from 1918 to 1939 again part of Poland, from 1939 part of Ukraine

69. Pages Through The Ages: Ancient Rome, Government The Senate was the most powerful part of the government. This code was called thelaws of the 12 tables. The roman empire was established around 27 BC It had http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/OakViewES/harris/96-97/agespages/rome/government-rome.

The Roman Government Written by Kevin Q., Patrick G. and Jeff S. The Roman government was a republic. In a republic, citizens can choose their leaders. There were two parts to the republic, the citizen assembly and the Senate. Two elected officials headed the two councils, but only served for a year. The two could question each other on any subject. The republic was established in 509 B.C. and lasted nearly 500 years. The difference between the Roman republic and the Greek democracy was that in Greece all men could vote, but in Rome, only men with money and property could vote. The Senate was the most powerful part of the government. At first, all senators were patricians (members of Rome's richest and most important families). To obtain political rights, plebians formed their own assembly, the Concillum Plebus, and named their leaders, tribunes. Plebians largely controlled the assembly. The Romans first code of law was established around 450 B.C. On 12 separate tablets, twelve legal experts wrote down a list of Roman customs about property and punishing people who did wrong. This code was called the laws of the 12 tables. The Roman empire was established around 27 B.C. It had grown from a small republic into an empire that went across three continents. As it grew, the empire was divided into states that was ruled by a governor who collected the taxes and sent the money back to Rome.

70. A Brief Outline Of Roman History Publicly displayed in the Forum (center of Rome) D. government officials elected Crossedthe Alps with elephants and overwhelmed several roman armies iv empire. http://stutzfamily.com/mrstutz/Rome/romeoutline.htm

A Brief Outline of Roman History I. Geography A. City i. The seven hills ii. Tiber river iii. Centrally located in Italy B. Italy i.Central peninsula in Mediterranean ii. Not many rugged mountains iii. Close to North Africa II. Republic A. Government controlled by aristocrats i. Patricians a. Senate = 300 patricians who controlled tax monies and foreign policy b. Consuls = 2 patricians who ran the government and commanded the army B. All others were in the lower class i. Plebeians ii. Assembly = had very little real power at first but gradually obtained more responsibilities C. Twelve Tablets i. Engraved with all the laws ii. Publicly displayed in the Forum (center of Rome) D. Government officials elected by male citizens III. Expansion A. First Punic War (264-259 BCE) i. Fought rival Carthage ii. Originally a Phoenician colony in North Africa iii. Rome won and took the island of Sicily B. Second Punic War (218-202 BCE) i. Again against Carthage ii. Carthaginian general Hannibal won many battles against the Romans iii. Crossed the Alps with elephants and overwhelmed several Roman armies

71. The Roman Empire (60 BCE-160 CE) Also lacking in a city government weighted down imperial responsibilities was an efficientEmpirewide civil Of course, roman statesmen had long thought about http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/rome3/context.html

Advanced Search FAQ Home Free Study Aids ... The Roman Empire (60 BCE-160 CE) Context - Navigate Here - Summary Context Terms, People, Events Timeline Caesar to Octavian Augustus and Tiberius (30 BCE-37 CE) Caligula and Claudius Nero and the 'Year of the Four Emperors' The Flavian Dynasty Rome's Halcyon Days Study Questions Review Test Further Reading Context The study of Roman imperial historywhich in practical terms began from the 60s BCEpresents the modern reader with certain paradigmatic issues relevant to governments and societies today. In broadest terms, the persistent dilemma was how to modify government structures and ethos as state and society expanded geographically and demographically. The republican ideal of Rome had somewhat made sense in a time when the state was little more than the preeminent city in a Mediterranean peninsular area, and needed to ensure its own survival and domination of surrounding locales. By the middle of the final century BCE, however, Rome had become the center of a multi-continent empire stretching from Spain to Iraq. Thus, one can present the continuing civil unrest from 80 to 30 BCE as the inability of an expanded city government to cope with the needs of an empire's administration. Caesar , again as a Dictatornow perpetual enacted reforms in the court system and in the administration of the provinces, as well as in the settlement of military veterans and in the increased granting of Roman and Latin citizenship to regions near the capital. Still and all, though, the inauguration of the Principate under

72. Lecture 17: Byzantine Civilization that his desire to restore the former roman empire was an was the revision and codificationof roman law Justinian understood that a strong government could not http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/lecture17b.html

Lecture 17 Byzantine Civilization In 410, the "eternal city" of Rome was sacked. From 451 to 453 Italy suffered the invasions of Attila the Hun who was known by all as the "scourge of God." By the 5th century, power in Western Europe had passed from the hands of the Roman emperors to those of barbarian chieftains. In 476, the date usually assigned to the fall the Roman Empire, the barbarian Odovacer (c.434-493), deposed the western emperor Romulus Augustulus and ruled in his place (on the Fall of Rome, see Lecture 14 By the end of the 5th century the western Empire was split into various Germanic kingdoms. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy, the Franks in northern Gaul, the Burgundians in Provence, the Visigoths in southern Gaul and Spain, the Vandals in Africa and the western Mediterranean, and the Angles and Saxons in England. Barbarians were clearly the masters of western Europe, but they were also willing to accommodate themselves to the people they conquered. (See map of barbarian migration , Shockwave required.)

73. A Brief On Rome 287, Lex Hortensia made plebiscita (laws past in was fully developed, the governmentconsisted of Mark Antony), and established the roman empire, which lasted http://www.gsu.edu/~wwwrnc/ROME.html

A Brief on the Differences Between Greek and Roman Rhetoric The chief differences between Greek and Roman rhetoric result from the different worlds in which they were developed. In the days of the Roman Republic (a period roughly contemporaneous with the classical Greek period, the Alexandrine period, and the Hellenistic period@500 to 31 BCE) her political organization consisted of a ruling class (patricians) and a lower class (plebeians). There was also, of course, an underclass of slaves. During this period, the plebeians developed a system of government within the patrician system of government. At first the plebeians were completely dominated by patrician rule. What laws the plebeians enacted effected only themselves. Still they did have representatives (tribunes) in the patrician senate. Slowly by means of a series of legislative victories, and insurrections, the plebeians managed to overcome the patrician monopoly on power. In 287, Lex Hortensia made plebiscita (laws past in the plebeian assembly) binding on the whole community. Thus there were in effect two marginally hereditary parties. By the time the Republic was fully developed, the government consisted of three branches: a senate, an assembly of the people, and elected magistrates called consuls, usually two in number. In 31 BCE, the republic fell to military dictatorship, Octavian asserted himself princpes , killed off his prime rivals (Cicero was among them, along with Mark Antony), and established the Roman Empire, which lasted until the Vandal and the Ostragoth invasions mid way through the 4 century AD.

74. German7 The Holy roman empire can be outlined in maps of the of Otto developed a system ofgovernment which would bring a diplomatic congress to make laws; the emperor http://www.motherbedford.com/German7.htm

The Germans (Page 7) The Rise And Fall Of The Holy Roman Empire The period of forty-some years that Charles the Great / Charlemagne reigned as King of the Franks is considered by some as a golden age of the Frankish Kingdom. During that time the Frankish Kingdom was expanded, by conquest and acquisition, to include the Kingdom of the Saxons, Bohemia, Bavaria and Carinthia, and the Lombardy region of northern Italy. Charlemagne was an ardent supporter of the Church. He also was an advocate of education; he imported scholars from many countries to teach in the schools he established. His policies were, for the most part, fair and just, and as a result, his influence was moreso respected rather than feared. When Charlemagne died in the year 814 A.D., the Kingdom of the Franks was once more divided into three parts among his sons. The partitions devised at that time would be confirmed by the Treaty of Verdun in 843, and would essentially remain unchanged to the present time. The western part corresponded to the region encompassed by modern-day France. The eastern part corresponded to the region that is encompassed by modern-day Germany. The region in the middle corresponded to the region encompassed by the modern-day countries of Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland and northern Italy. From 814 onward through the Eleventh Century, the Western Roman Empire evolved out of the region that was inherited by Charlemagne's sons, Lothar and Louis. This "empire" is sometimes referred to as the Holy Roman Empire or the Roman Empire of the German Nation. As the names would imply, the ties between the Germanic realms and the Roman/Papal government had become greater than those between the Germans and the Franks in Aquitaine.

75. TURKEYGUIDE ~ ANATOLIAN HISTORY into roman society, other laws followed quickly. Barbarian invasions threatened theempire from the the reign of Gallienus, the roman government literally went http://www.turkeyguide.com/culture/history011.htm

getting here tourism culture economy ... HOME Romans introduction neolithic age hittites trojans ... ataturk

76. Roman Ways And Roman Days Topics include geographic features, government, agriculture, architecture life ofancient Rome and its vast empire. the fall of the roman empire, including its http://www.kidspoint.org/columns2.asp?column_id=507&column_type=homework

77. Roman Senate generals of large roman armies who controlled the government. During the later romanEmpire, the Senate had become more acts of the emperor his laws was purely http://www.digonsite.com/drdig/greece/26.html

Questions about Greece and Rome How did the Senate run Rome? Dr. dig responds: The story of the Roman Senate goes way back to a time before there was an accurate written history for Rome. The Senate was composed of leading citizens who were members of the original aristocratic families in the old Republic. The original purpose of this group was to advise the King. This worked well during the first two centuries of Rome's existence when Rome was little more than a city-state built on seven hills and ruled by a king. The Senate originally had one hundred members chosen from amongst the Patrician class but the early kings soon increased its size to three hundred members. After the expulsion of the last Tarquin, Tarquinius Superbus, the Senate formed the main governing body of the Roman Republic. The two consuls, the chief ruling Magistrates of the Republic were chosen by the Senate, which served as the advisory body to the consuls. Cornelius Sulla was the first to use an army to usurp the power of the Senate. He had many members of the Senate murdered who opposed his regime. He also increased the number of senators from 300 to 600. Many of these new senators appointed by Sulla were not Patricians, but instead members of the Equestrian Order who had supported Sulla's takeover of the government. The Roman Republic was a form of government that worked well with a city-state or even a group of powerful city-states in control of a region. With the annexation of Spain, Macedonia, Greece, the East, and North Africa in the Second Century B. C., Rome had come to control a vast empire and the Republic with its two consuls, senate, and small group of magistrates was not an adequate government for an empire of the size Rome had acquired.

78. The Final Division Of The "Roman Empire" Into Ten Kingdoms developed, the territorial mutations of the roman empire will not Kingdoms are todivide the roman world between sure, that that form of government which the http://www.pbministries.org/Eschatology/end_times/endtimes_22.htm

"The Most high divided to the nations their inheritance." Deuteronomy 32:8 This booklet is compiled from an important paper written more than fifty years ago by the late Mr. Benjamin Wills Newton, and originally published in Occasional Papers on Scriptural Subjects, Part 3, which has been long out of print. Some of the expected events have taken place, and others are on the eve of fulfillment. The whole of the paper, of which this booklet is only a small part, is published separately under its original title of European Prospects The Final Division of the Roman Empire Into Ten Kingdoms THE present condition of Europe is causing deep anxiety to those who desire for it a continuance of tranquility! The arrangements of the Congress of Vienna at the close of the last great Continental war failed to satisfy, and have on various occasions been already set aside. France is peculiarly dissatisfied, and is desirous of altering the territorial distribution of Europe, Syria, and Western Asia. England on the other hand, anxious chiefly for repose, is sensitively alive to every attempt to disturb the present balance of power, which she has so long laboured to preserve. It is well, therefore, that we should be reminded, on the sure authority of Scripture, that a time must surely come sooner or later when a territorial arrangement, very different from the present, will be effected in Turkey as well as in Central Europe. It is our duty both to believe and to declare this, if we examine the Word of God.

79. Byzantine: The Eastern Roman Empire gather, classify and summarize the huge mass of laws created by centuries of Romangovernment. not only recapturing much of the old Western empire, but is http://www4.stormfront.org/whitehistory/hwr20.htm

MARCH OF THE TITANS - A HISTORY OF THE WHITE RACE Chapter 20 : Byzantium - The Eastern Roman Empire Constantinople, situated on the Bosporus Straits at the mouth of the Black Sea, became a capital of the Roman Empire in 330 AD after Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor, refounded the city of Byzantium. Although the city was called Constantinople until its fall, the Eastern Roman Empire became known by the classical name of Byzantium, and often the city was called by its old name as well. The city's status as residence of the Eastern Roman Emperor made it into the premier city in all of the Eastern Roman colonies in the Balkans, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Cyprus, Egypt, and part of present day Libya. A good indication of the degree to which the Eastern Empire was not made up for the greatest part of original Romans, can be seen in the official languages of the Byzantines: Greek, Coptic, Syriac and Armenian, with only a very few mainly Christian priests actually speaking Latin. Above right: Constantine, the bringer of Christianity to the Roman Empire, and therefore also ultimately to Europe. The city he was to found, Constantinople, would last until 1453, when it was overrun by the non-White Muslims. Above left: A view of the Haga Sofia - the Christian church built in Constantinople by the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian in 537 AD. When Constantinople was overrun by the non-White Muslims, four Muslim towers, called minarets, were added to the corners of the building. In this photograph, the minarets have been removed to present the building as it was when it was built.

80. Late Empire 2 The Germans had their own laws, but let the locals when the area ruled by Imperialgovernment in the no longer referred to as the Eastern roman empire and is http://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/CLASS_110/Late.Emp.2.html

Late Empire 2 Germanic Invasions In the West, disaster breaks out immediately under Theodosius' son Honorius came to the throne in 395: huge waves of German tribes invaded Roman territory. The Roman army was very disorganized, and various Germanic forces served as foederati (allies). The German commanders of these troops became important officials in the Imperial government. The invading German tribes set up kingdoms on Roman territory, came to terms with the Latin speaking natives, including the landowning aristocracy. Italy generally remained under Imperial administration, but there was quite varying control in other territories. Emperors themselves had become largely irrelevant, served as figureheads for German generals who have various German mercenary troops under own command, bribe various tribes to help the Imperial forces. A traumatic event was the sack of Rome in 410 by the Visigoths. Everyone was horrified. When Rome was sacked again in 455 (this time by the Vandals), no one much cared, as Rome signified little. The last Emperor was called Romulus Augustulus, and he was merely the pawn of a German general Odoacer, who in 476 disposed of him and ruled Italy himself as king under authorization of the eastern emperor. Ignominious end of Roman Imperial rule. Why Did the Empire Fall?

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 4     61-80 of 99    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20