21. Romania: History encyclopediaEncyclopedia—romania history. History to 1881. Romania occupies,roughly, ancient Dacia, which was a Roman province in the 2d and 3d cent. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0860790.html

Encyclopedia Romania History History to 1881 Romania occupies, roughly, ancient Dacia , which was a Roman province in the 2d and 3d cent. A.D. The ethnic character of modern Romania seems to have been formed in the Roman period; Christianity was introduced at that time as well. After the Romans left the region, the area was overrun successively by the Goths, the Huns, the Avars, the Bulgars, and the Magyars. Michael the Brave of Walachia defied both the Ottoman sultan and the Holy Roman emperor and at the time of his death (1601) controlled Moldavia, Walachia, and Transylvania. However, Michael's empire soon fell apart. An ill-fated alliance (1711) of the princes of Moldavia and Walachia with Peter I of Russia led to Turkish domination of Romania. Until 1821 the Turkish sultans appointed governors, or hospodars, usually chosen from among the Phanariots (see under Phanar ), Greek residents of Constantinople. The governors and their subordinates reduced the Romanian people (except for a few great landlords, the boyars) to a group of nomadic shepherds and poor, enserfed peasants. At the end of the 18th cent. Turkish control was seriously challenged by Russia and by Austria; at the same time, a strong nationalist movement was growing among the Romanians. The treaty of

22. Romania ... Karl Jones Web PM. romania history, Culture, Travel, Tourism Romania An Introduction- Veronica Baiceanu; Calafeteanu; romania history @ home.online.no. http://www.karljones.com/history/europe/romania/default.asp

"A Theme, Some Narrative, and a Bounty of Links" Home Page - Phone: karl@karljones.com Karl Jones Web ROMANIA See also: 1989 Romanian Revolution 1821 Romanian Revolution History Updated August 8, 2001 - 3:27 PM Romania: History, Culture, Travel, Tourism Romania - An Introduction - Veronica Baiceanu Links to Romania by Patraulius @ StudyWeb - Andre Codrescui @ literati.net Romania News @ Yahoo.com Learn More About Romania Romania Links History of Romanians - Ion Calafeteanu Romania: History @ home.online.no Pumnul, Aron (1818-1866) - by James Chastain "Professor, cultural figure, and publicist, he was born in Transylvania in a Romanian peasant family and educated in Blaj (where he studied with George Barit and Simion Barnutiu), the Piarist lyceum in Cluj, and St. Barbara's Seminary in Vienna. He returned in 1846 to teach philosophy at Blaj and to help Timotei Cipariu edit Organul Luminarei. With the outbreak of the revolution of 1848, Pumnul became a leader of the Romanian movement in the Blaj area." ROMANIA by Karl Gregory Jones Home Page Mission Statement Email: karl@karljones.com

23. Romania: History Click to go to text menu. You are here History, Romania. The earliestinhabitants of Romania included the Thracians, whose descendants http://gbgm-umc.org/country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=128

24. Romania: History romania history. History to 1881. Romania occupies, roughly, ancientDacia, which was a Roman province in the 2d and 3d centuries http://www.slider.com/enc/45000/Romania_History.htm

femail.com.au Home Encyclopeadia R Rob - Rog ... Rope Ladders Trellian WebPage Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia Romania: History History to 1881 Romania occupies, roughly, ancient Dacia , which was a Roman province in the 2d and 3d centuries a.d. The ethnic character of modern Romania seems to have been formed in the Roman period; Christianity was introduced at that time as well. After the Romans left the region, the area was overrun successively by the Goths, the Huns, the Avars, the Bulgars, and the Magyars. Michael the Brave of Walachia defied both the Ottoman sultan and the Holy Roman emperor and at the time of his death (1601) controlled Moldavia, Walachia, and Transylvania. However, Michael's empire soon fell apart. An ill-fated alliance (1711) of the princes of Moldavia and Walachia with Peter I of Russia led to Turkish domination of Romania. Until 1821 the Turkish sultans appointed governors, or hospodars, usually chosen from among the Phanariots (see under Phanar ), Greek residents of Constantinople. The governors and their subordinates reduced the Romanian people (except for a few great landlords, the boyars) to a group of nomadic shepherds and poor, enserfed peasants. At the end of the 18th century Turkish control was seriously challenged by Russia and by Austria; at the same time, a strong nationalist movement was growing among the Romanians. The treaty of

25. Romania.org - Links: Top 10 Rated 9.81, 242, romania history,Art,Museums,Maps,Visas,TV,Photos. 9.80, 20, TraianPop Traian. 9.81, 242, romania history,Art,Museums,Maps,Visas,TV,Photos. http://www.romania.org/links/ratings/

Links Home Add a Resource Modify a Resource What's New ... Search Romania.org - Links : Top 10 Rated Top 10 Resources (by Rating) with at least 10 votes Rating # Votes Resource Megarolex - metallurgy, non-ferrous metals, spare parts, foreign trade Megarolex - metalurgie, metale neferoase, piesele de schimb Romania Entertainment, TV,Movies,Music,MP3,Humor,Games Adrian Trasca web page ... Flavius Vermesan Homepage Top 10 Resources (by Votes) with at least 10 votes Rating # Votes Resource Maitreya Francisc Agora News BYTE Romania PC Report ... Radio si TV Live pe Internet Enter your query and click 'Search!' More search options Pages Last Updated On: 26-Mar-2003 - 12:46:31 Advertise with Us About Us Help Center Contact Information ... Internet Service Romania, S.A.

26. Romanian Search Engine – For History Of Romania, Map Of Romania, Hotel, Buchare For Romania flag map newspaper music news romania history culture map flag news hotelRomanian newspaper music history news travel flag hotel Romania newspaper http://www.romaniasearch.info/

Search Engine.Search for history of Romania, map of Romania, hotel, Bucharest, map Bucharest, hotel Romanian map.  For history of Romania, map of Romania, hotel, Bucharest, map Bucharest, hotel Romanian map, hotel, history.  Planet Search Full list of Countries Search Engine Query Select Country Search Engine Search The World Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Bahamas Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Cameroon Canada Caribbean Chile China Columbia Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt England Estonia Fiji Finland France Germany Ghana Greece Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya Korea Kuwait Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malaysia Malta Mexico Monaco Morocco Mozambique Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Northern Ireland North Korea Norway Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Scotland Senegal Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Africa South Korea Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Tunisia Turkey Ukraine UK United Arab Emirates Uruguay USA Venezuela Vietnam Wales Yemen Yugoslavia Zambia Zimbabwe Search The World 'Any Country' plus search.info

27. Romania Vacation Guide: Romantic Romania Honeymoons, Getaways, Spas this page Bookmark this page. romania history. Destinations in RomaniaBucharest, Carpathians. Soviet occupation following World War http://www.europeanvacationguide.com/travel/Romania_History.html

The sophisticated travelers Romania vacation connection. Romania Vacation Guide: Romantic Romania Vacations TravelWizard.Com Travel And Cruise Consultants: Romania Vacations Click here for our Full Service, Custom Luxury Vacation Planner Click here for Full Service, Custom Luxury Cruise Planner Click here if you'd prefer to book you r ... own discount airline tickets, car rental, hotel or vacation packages with our easy to use real time self booking engine. Note! This is the most highly recommended self booking engine on the Internet. Travel Guides Africa Vacations Asia Vacations Australian Vacations Canada Vacations ... Bookmark this page Romania: History Destinations in Romania Bucharest Carpathians Soviet occupation following World War II led to the formation of a communist Peoples Republic in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of President Nicolae CEAUSESCU became increasingly draconian through the 1980s. He was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Much economic restructuring remains to be carried out before Romania can achieve its hope of joining the EU. Overview History Culture Geography ... Practical Info Other Places in Europe Albania Andorra Austria ... Click here to save money, time and stress booking your Romania vacation.

28. ROMANIA SCOUTING History of Scouting and current status of national Scouting organizations. http://n2zgu.50megs.com/ROM.htm

Free web page hosting :: 50megs.com SCOUTING IN ROMANIA ASOCIATIA CERCETASII ROMANIEI ROMANIAN BOY SCOUTS ASSOCIATION The first patrol of Boy Scouts appeared in Romania in 1912, due to a group of professors, physicians, soldiers, etc (Gh. Munteanu -Murgeci, Alex. Borza, V. Ghidionescu, C. Costa-Foru, N. Iorga, I. G. Duca and Colonel G. Berindei) who knew the Scout Movement in Great Britain, France, Belgium, and Germany. The translation, into Romanian, of the book "Scouring for Boys" by Baden-Powell appeared in 1915. That same year saw the official founding of the Cercetasii Romaniei (The Romanian Boy Scouts Association). On this occasion, Robert Baden-Powell sent a message of congratulations, with the mention that Scouting should be adapted to the local situation. During the first World War the Boy Scouts were very active. Ecaterina Teodoroiu guided a patrol of Scouts and Guides and she died as a heroine. Many Scouts, who helped the transporting of the wounded were killed during the air attacks. On the 29th of September 1916 Baden-Powell sent a message expressing the regret of the Scouts for the death of their brothers of Romania. At the end of the war, the Boy Scouts marched in the front of the Victory-Train, under the Triumphal Arch. In 1920, sixty-seven Romanian Boy Scouts and their leaders were present at the first World Jamboree in London, England. Between the two World Wars, the Scout Movement developed a great deal in Romania. Many patrols were formed in towns and even in villages. Many camps, socials, expeditions and spectacles were organized. A great number of magazines, literary writings and pedagogical studies were published for Scouts and their Chiefs. Mircea Ellade was a devoted Boy Scout.

29. Medieval Romania Graphics intensive site profiles the histories of Wallachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania during the Middle Ages. history. Ancient times http://home.online.no/~romemb/history.htm

30. THE ROMANIAN POSTAL-HISTORY PAGE You can find here a lot of articles about the romanian Postal history and informations on the romanian Army in WWI WWII history. As a beginning, I list a number of the articles written by me and published by different philatelic publications in romania, http://www.multimania.com/dgrecu

THE ROMANIAN POSTAL-HISTORY WEB PAGE Articles: Grecu Dan Other Contributors Thematic Index ... Publications: You are visitor number: since 11 February 1999 The primary intention is for this website to be an on-line "magazine" of research and study of Romanian postal history. As a beginning, I list a number of the articles written by me and published by different philatelic publications in Romania, USA, Great Britain and Germany. In addition, I propose to post significant and important articles, written by other contributors Also, it is intended to provide visitors with a source for other Romanian postal history information including: a short presentation of each magazine or bulletin that had published Romanian postal history articles (when possible, tables of contents will be also provided); which deals with Romanian postal history matters; bibliographical lists links to Websites which deal with Romanian history and postal history matters; It is hoped that this wide presentation of information will attract visitors and stimulate them to become involved in a beautiful and captivating field, namely Romanian postal history. Links: Romanian History Others Romanian Philatelic Life: Collectors.

31. Romanian History From early history through Dacia, Middle Ages, and modern times, including communism and the return Category Regional Europe romania Society and Culture history...... part played by the romanians and their ancestors in world history, this work in SouthEastern Europe, who are curious to learn more about romania's origins and http://www.rotravel.com/romania/history/

Explore Romania Tourist Services Site Facilities Romanian History Introduction Early History The Geto-Dacians Roman Dacia ... The Return to Democracy Appendices Dracula, between Legend and Reality The Monarchy in Romania The Orthodox Church in Romania Nicolae Ceausescu, a Modern Despot Aiming to reveal the part played by the Romanians and their ancestors in world history, this work sets forth, in a very brief and accessible manner, the most significant events and salient people who have made up the Romanian saga from its beginnings to the day. The writing is easy to read by all those who have an interest in South Eastern Europe, who are curious to learn more about Romania's origins and past, and want to become acquainted with its people and traditions beyond and against set opinions and poor cliché images of the Dracula's or Ceausescu's kind. The communist rule kept Romania isolated from the Western world for almost half a century, which made it difficult for her or almost denied her free access to the flow of knowledge and information, to the Western standards and systems of values.

32. The Geto-Dacians The GetoDacians. http://www.rotravel.com/romania/history/cap3.htm

Explore Romania Tourist Services Site Facilities The Geto-Dacians Introduction Early History The Geto-Dacians Roman Dacia Romanian Principalities The Middle Ages Nation Building. Modern Age ... The Return to Democracy Appendices Dracula, between Legend and Reality The Monarchy in Romania The Orthodox Church in Romania Nicolae Ceausescu, a Modern Despot I t was when the Greeks settled on the Western shore of the Black Sea (Pontus Euxinus), where they set up the colonies of Tomis, Histria, Callatis, Olbia and Appolonia, that the local Thracians came into contact with the Greek world. The Greek historian Herodotus was the first to mention the population North of the Danube as Getae (Getians). In the 6th century B.C., there are records of the Geto-Dacians, an ethno-historical entity branched out from the great Thracian trunk. The first archaeological findings relate to the Basarabi culture in Dobrudja materialized in an exquisite kind of pottery. The Geto-Dacians inhabited the vast area that stretched between the Northern Carpathian chain and the Balkan mountains. Geto-Dacian society flourished under king Burebista (ca 82-44 B.C.), a

33. Excite - Travel Guide - Destination Short description of the country, its history and people, along with useful information on where to stay, what to eat and most important destinations. http://www1.excite.com/travel/travelguide/destination/0,20310,Europe-505,00.html

Travel Home Europe Romania Flights Cars Hotels DESTINATION ROMANIA (Click to view map) Horse-drawn carts jostle for space against fast cars whose drivers are talking money on mobile phones; farm workers watch Baywatch courtesy of satellite dishes standing in the rear yard of their medieval farmhouse. Romania is clawing itself forward, slowly and surely sloughing off the remnants of the Ceausescu era. The transition is not easy, and for some it's downright painful. In the middle of the picturesque scenery and the headlong rush to development where the money is fast and the suits Armani, parts of the country are being left out. But in 1996 a neocommunist government was voted out and replaced by one talking about genuine reform, so the country is not without hope. Romania has majestic castles, medieval towns, great hiking and wildlife, and the cheap skiing of much of the 'undiscovered' former Eastern Block. And the Romanians, despite being among Europe's poorest people, generally haven't cottoned on to the scams and ploys so common elsewhere to separate travelers from their money. You'll be floored at how different Romania is, but you'll almost certainly see signs that it's chasing the dreams of the rest of the West.

34. LINKS TO ROMANIA Features links and information about the country, people, and cultural history. http://members.aol.com/patraulius/index.html

htmlAdWH('7002403', '120', '30'); htmlAdWH('7002006', '234', '60'); Main Create Edit Help LINKS TO ROMANIA "A very large collection of Romanian links, including many I have not seen elsewhere" Worldwide Telecommunication Services - Romania as low as 23 cents/min! Callback from Romania to the USA 55 cents/min Pagers by mail - $1.99/mo - Vorbim Romaneste International Driving Permit-Valid in Romania ... Romania Country Studies - Library of Congress (Data 1989) Physical Map of Romania Romania.org Search Romania-Cauta.ro Network Romania World ... Romanian Intellectuals around the world (RomUniv) Poezii Românesti - Romanian Poetry FORMATIA PHOENIX - WEB SITE-UL OFICIAL PAGINA ROMANILOR DIN CANADA CANADA VIRTUAL ROMANIA ... 164 Currency Converter by OANDA $? = ROL? The State Mint of Romania Pasapoarte Romanesti, Notariat, Traduceri... Televiziunea Romana-Romanian TV! Weather Underground: Romania ... View My Guestbook Artist Album Title Song Title Visitors since 1-1-98: Please vote for this page: Webmaster

35. Romania’s History Illustrated account of romania's history from the Neolithic period to the revolution of December 22nd 1989. romanias history. romania is situated in Central Europe, in the northern part of the Balkan peninsula and its http://www.geocities.com/dacia.geo/romania/romhistory.html

Romania’s History Romania is situated in Central Europe, in the northern part of the Balkan peninsula and its territory is marked by the Carpathian Mountains, the Danube and the Black Sea. With its temperate climate and varied natural environment, which is favourable to life, the Romanian territory has been inhabited since time immemorial. The research done by Romanian archaeologists at Bugiulesti, Valcea Country, has led to the discovery of traces of human presence dating back as early as the Lower Palaeolithic (approximately two million years BC). These vestiges are among the oldest in Europe, revealing a period when "man," a humanoid in fact, went physically and spiritually through the stages of his coming out of the animal status. A denser human population, ("the Neanderthal man") can be proved to have lived about 100,000 years ago; a relatively stable population can only be found beginning with the Neolithic (6-5,000 years BC). Cucuteni pottery At the time, the population on the territory of present-day Romania created a remarkable culture, whose proof is the polychrome pottery of the "Cucuteni" culture (comparable to the pottery of other important European cultures of the time in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East) and the statuettes of the "Hamangia" culture (the Thinker of Hamangia is known today to the whole world). The Thinkers of Hamangia (Neolithic statuette) The Dacian stronghold of Sarmisegetuza In the 1st century BC, as the Roman empire was expanding and Roman provinces were being created in Pannonia, Dalmatia, Moesia and Thracia, the Danube became, along 1,500 Km., the border between the Roman Empire and the Dacian world. In Dobrudja, which was under Roman rule for seven centuries beginning with the reign of Augustus, poet Publius Ovidius Naso spent the last years of his life, "among Greeks and Getae," as he was exiled there, to Tomi (8-17, AD) by order of the same Caesar. Dacia was at the peak of its power under King Decebal (87-106 AD). After a first confrontation during the reign of Domitian (87-89), two extremely tough wars were necessary (101-102 and 105-106) to the Roman empire, at the peak of its power under Emperor Trajan (98-117) to defeat Decebal and turn most of his kingdom into the Roman province called Dacia.

36. History Of Romanians Official site chronicles the Central European nation's growth from prehistoric times. Includes photos of artifacts and historic figures. Illustrated history of romanians. history of romania (ICI). romania is situated in Central Europe, in the northern part http://www.roembus.org/english/romanian_links/history_of_romanians.htm

History of Romanians by Ion Calafeteanu Romania is situated in Central Europe, in the northern part of the Balkan peninsula and its territory is marked by the Carpathian Mountains, the Danube and the Black Sea. With its temperate climate and varied natural environment, which is favorable to life, the Romanian territory has been inhabited since time immemorial. The research done by Romanian archaeologists at Bugiulesti, Valcea Country, has led to the discovery of traces of human presence dating back as early as the Lower Palaeolithic (approximately two million years BC). Cucuteni pottery These vestiges are among the oldest in Europe, revealing a period when "man," a humanoid in fact, went physically and spiritually through the stages of his coming out of the animal status. A denser human population, ("the Neanderthal man") can be proved to have lived about 100,000 years ago; a relatively stable population can only be found beginning with the Neolithic (6-5,000 years BC). At the time, the population on the territory of present-day Romania created a remarkable culture, whose proof is the polychrome pottery of the "

37. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo Read a history of romania through to present day. Includes information on the geography, economy, and politics of the area. romania A Country Study. Search romania. Include word variants Use only words as entered. EARLY history FROM PREhistory TO THE ELEVENTH CENTURY http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/rotoc.html

ROMANIA - A Country Study Search Romania Include word variants Use only words as entered. ROMANIA Foreword ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Preface ... Glossary

38. Romania's History romania's history. 514 BC, The Persian emperor Darius I attacks anddefeats the GeticDacian tribes living on the present romanian http://www.globalbizgroup.com/history.shtm

Home About GBG Accounting Dept. Financial Dept. ... considerations Romania's History 514 BC The Persian emperor Darius I attacks and defeats the Getic-Dacian tribes living on the present Romanian territory, the ancient Greek historian Herodotus reported. According to Herodotus, the Getic-Dacians are "the bravest and most noble of the Thracians." 82 BC The Getic-Dacian tribes are reunited under the leadership of Dacian King Burebista. The king fights and plots against the looming danger coming from the Roman Empire. Over the next 38 years Dacia expands herself over a vast territory – the present Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria and parts of Serbia. However, in 44 BC Burebista's archenemy, Caesar, is assassinated. The Roman threat apparently gone for good, the need for a strong leader vanishes and Burebista is assassinated himself several months later. 87-106 AC A series of wars against the Roman emperors Domitianus and Trajan end by Dacia's transformation into a Roman province. As in any other province, Roman colonists settle into Dacia and mix with locals. Centuries IV-IX The so-called "dark millenium." Migratory tribes coming from Central Asia cross former Dacia in all directions. Visigoths are followed by Ostrogoths, Huns, Avars, Gepidae, Slavs, Bulgarians and Hungarians. Some of these tribes settle south of Danube (Slavs and Bulgarians), others in the Panonian Plain (Hungarians), while a sizable amount of Slavs mix with the locals, who are already speaking a Romance language. Hungarians fight against the first Romanian Statelets in Transylvania.

39. Gateway To Romania Education, Photos, Entertainment, Politics, Travel A comprehensive list of quickaccess links to romania. Learn about its history and culture, people and entertainment, sports, and cooking. http://www.geocities.com/tanyamurzin/

Bucharest weather aboutromania.com

40. MapZones.com History romania, history, Back to Top. The territory that is now romania firstappeared in history as Dacia. Most of its inhabitants were originally http://www.mapzones.com/world/europe/romania/historyindex.php

Country Info Romania Introduction Romania General Data Romania Maps Romania Culture ... Romania Time and Date Romania History Back to Top The territory that is now Romania first appeared in history as Dacia. Most of its inhabitants were originally from the region of Thrace, in Greece; they were called Getae by the Greeks, and later, by the Romans, they were known as Dacians. Between ad 101 and 106 Dacia was conquered by Roman emperor Trajan and incorporated into the Roman Empire as a province. Roman colonists were sent into Dacia, and Rome developed the region considerably, building roads, bridges, and a great wall that stretched from what is today the Black Sea port of Constanta across the region of Dobruja to the Danube River. The Carpathian-Danube region in which the Romanian ethnic community evolved was settled about 2000 BC by migratory Indo-Europeans who intermingled with native Neolithic peoples to form the Thracians. When Ionians and Dorians settled on the western shore of the Black Sea in the 7th century BC, the Thracians' descendants came into contact with the Greek world. The Greek historian Herodotus, writing in the 5th century BC, called these people Getae (Getians). Together with kindred tribes, known later to the Romans as Dacians, who lived in the mountains north of the Danubian Plain and in the Transylvanian Basin, the Getae developed a distinct society and culture by the second half of the 4th century BC. During the 13th and 14th centuries, Walachia was involved in frequent struggles against Hungary. In the 15th century the rulers of the Ottoman Empire began to extend their conquests northward. Walachia was forced to capitulate to the Ottomans, although its leadership, territory, and religion were not changed. Direct Ottoman rule was not felt in Walachia until after the Ottomans defeated the Hungarians at the Battle of Mohács in 1526. At the end of the 16th century, a Walachian voivode, Michael the Brave, led a revolt against the Ottomans and succeeded in bringing Walachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania under his rule for a very brief period. Michael is the national hero of Romania for his part in this uprising and for being the first to combine the three territories that were to form Romania. After Michael’s defeat and death in 1601, the Hungarians ruled over Transylvania and the Ottomans regained control of Moldavia and Walachia.

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