1. Shamanism General-Overview Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) An extensive compendium of distilled Usenet knowledge of shamanism.Category Recreation Drugs FAQs......FAQ. shamanism GeneralOverview. Summary Consulting a good dictionary shouldclear up any points of confusion. 2. What is shamanism? shamanism http://www.deoxy.org/shaover.htm

FAQ Shamanism General-Overview Summary: This FAQ contains a general overview on shamanism. It should be read by anyone interested in understanding the what is meant by shamanism and what differentiates shamanism form other forms of ecstatic experience. Archive-name: shamanism-overview Last-modified: 3 Nov 1995, Version: 1.7 hypertexture= deoxy.org NOTE: The following general overview of shamanism is not intended to be the last word or the definitive work on this subject. Rather it is, as its title implies, intended to provide the participant or reader with a set of guidelines that will familiarize them with the general use of the terms shamanism , shaman and shamanic in the trends, study and practice of historic, traditional and contemporary shamanic experience. The word shaman comes to English from the Tungus language via Russian. Among the Tungus of Siberia it is both a noun and a verb. While the Tungus have no word for shamanism, it has come into usage by anthropologists, historians of religion and others in contemporary society to designate the experience and the practices of the shaman. Its usage has grown to include similar experiences and practices in cultures outside of the original Siberian cultures from which the term shaman originated. Thus shamanism is not the name of a religion or group of religions. Particular attention should be paid to the use of qualifying words such a may or usually . They indicate examples or tendencies and are not, in any way, intended to represent rigid standards Please send comments to

2. Shamanism One of the more colorful and fascinating aspects of Tlingit ceremonial history is shamanism. The Tlingit Indians believed in malevolent spirits that interfered with their lives. Only an individual who possessed certain knowledge, i.e. http://www.alaskan.com/docs/shamanism.html

SHAMANISM One of the more colorful and fascinating aspects of Tlingit ceremonial history is shamanism. The Tlingit Indians believed in malevolent spirits that interfered with their lives. Only an individual who possessed certain knowledge, i.e. the shaman, could intercede and break their power. For example, the shaman could cure the sick by driving out evil spirits; he could guarantee large fish runs and good weather. Often his powers were called upon to assure success in battle or to combat witches. A famous Yakutat shaman is credited with preventing the great smallpox epidemic of 1836 from reaching his village. A shaman had at his command a number of spiritual helpers called yeks through which he made contact with the supernatural world. Each yek was assigned a special name and song. Yeks could assume both animal and human form, and were the subject of shamanic art, especially carved masks. The success of the shaman, who incidentally was well paid in advance for his services, depended upon the number of yeks under his control, and his rapport with them . If the shaman's efforts met with failure, he usually had an explanation for the client such as interference by bad spirits. Another payment would then be required for further services. The appearance of the shaman must have been impressive. His hair was never cut or combed, and formed a long mat down his back. His costume- typically a hide apron, shoulder robe and crown-could be decorated with animal claws and carved bones. During his wild contorted dance to conjure up the spirit world, he often donned the mask of the desired yek. While manipulating rattles, charms and batons, the shaman would chant, groan, hiss, cry, and so forth, until he worked himself into a trance-like state.

3. Shamanism - Eagle's Wing Centre For Contemporary Shamanism Educational institute lists shamanistic workshops and events in Europe and the United Kingdom. Order instructional books and tapes. http://www.shamanism.co.uk/

Centre for Contemporary Shamanism Eagle's Wing Amazon Experience San Pedro Retreat Trance Dance ... Links Eagle's Wing Centre for Contemporary Shamanism BM Box 7475, London WC1N 3XX Tel (44) 1435 810233. email: eagleswing@shamanism.co.uk Latest update: April 2003 Website by H G. Charing. Uploaded 16 January 1997

4. Welcome To The Dance Of The Deer Foundation Website The mission of the Dance of the Deer Foundation Center for Shamanic Studies is to preserve the Huichol Category Society Religion and Spirituality shamanism...... n. Don Jose's vision was to leave Brant in his place to carry on the sacred traditionsand to teach Huichol shamanism.Don José believed that the healing http://www.shamanism.com/

ABOUT US WORKSHOPS MEMBERSHIP Goto Shaman Chocolates GotoThe mission of the Dance of the Deer Foundation Center for Shamanic Studies is to preserve the Huichol culture and its shamanic practices and traditions. The foundation was established in 1979 by Brant Secunda to carry on the vision of his grandfather and teacher, don José Matsuwa, the renowned Huichol shama Brant Secunda is a shaman, healer and ceremonial leader in the Huichol Indian tradition of Mexico. He completed a 12-year apprenticeship with Don Jose Matsuwa, the renowned shaman, who died in 1990 at the age of 110. Since 1979 Brant Secunda has been the Director of the Dance of the Deer Foundation, Center for Shamanic Studies. Having worked with the World Health Organization and the American Holistic Medical Association, Brant is integrating shamanism into the world of modern medicine. He is an internationally recognized shaman and healer. Brant Secunda leads seminars and retreats worldwide.His work has been documented on television, radio, and in articles and books throughout the United States and Europe.

5. Carlos Castaneda And New Age Shamanism. Carlos Castaneda and New Age shamanism. The modifications to this page are mostly stylistic and designed to make it easier to use. Content changes, such as addition or deletion of pointers, will continue through January. http://www.hist.unt.edu/09w-ar7l.htm

Carlos Castaneda and New Age Shamanism. The modifications to this page are mostly stylistic and designed to make it easier to use. Content changes, such as addition or deletion of pointers, will continue through January. Carlos Castaneda The Shaman's Voice shamanism/newsgroup-faq Shamanism-General Overview-Frequently Asked Questions Also the General Overview Overview Cleargreen presents Castaneda Carlos Castenada's home page Redirects to new URL. Starfire's Paranormal Links - Castaneda Archives . Entry not allowed 010716 Carlos Castaneda and the Don Juan Controversy The German Cleargreen Site The Alternative Neighborhood Carlos Castaneda ... Cleargreen Presents Carlos Castaneda for information on the current activities of CC. For Castaneda materials see Cleargreen Carlos Castaneda Information about Carlos Castaneda "In rare interviews and articles the legendary sorcerer talks about don Juan, freedom, dreaming, and death and the funny things that happen on the way to infinity.

6. Shamanism A general overview of shamanism plus newsgroup FAQs. Includes information on ayahuasca and other shamanic Category Society Religion and Spirituality shamanism......shamanism. this is rock medicine, the talking tree, the singing water , ThisFAQ contains a general overview on shamanism. Technological shamanism. http://www.deoxy.org/shaman.htm

Shamanism "this is rock medicine, the talking tree , the singing water" This FAQ contains a general overview on Shamanism . It should be read by anyone interested in understanding what is meant by Shamanism and what differentiates Shamanism from other forms of ecstatic experience. Shamanism General-Overview FAQ This FAQ contains the charter for soc.religion.shamanism , details of submissions policies, and frequently asked questions culled from the articles that have appeared in the newsgroup. soc.religion.shamanism FAQ Shamanic terms and concepts Find public discussions about shamanism in the forum or at alt.religion.shamanism "Shamanic ecstasy is the real "Old Time Religion," of which modern churches are but pallid evocations. Shamanic, visionary ecstasy, the mysterium tremendum , the unio mystica , the eternally delightful experience of the universe as energy, is a sine qua non of religion, it is what religion is for! There is no need for faith, it is the ecstatic experience itself that gives one faith in the intrinsic unity and integrity of the universe, in ourselves as integral parts of the whole; that reveals to us the sublime majesty of our universe, and the fluctuant, scintillant, alchemical miracle that is quotidian consciousness. Any religion that requires faith and gives none, that

7. Shamanism World Wide Shamanic Web Your source for information and products relating to the study of shamanism who take our rigorous training in core shamanism, the near universal methods of shamanism without a specific cultural http://deoxy.org/shaman.htm

Shamanism "this is rock medicine, the talking tree , the singing water" This FAQ contains a general overview on Shamanism . It should be read by anyone interested in understanding what is meant by Shamanism and what differentiates Shamanism from other forms of ecstatic experience. Shamanism General-Overview FAQ This FAQ contains the charter for soc.religion.shamanism , details of submissions policies, and frequently asked questions culled from the articles that have appeared in the newsgroup. soc.religion.shamanism FAQ Shamanic terms and concepts Find public discussions about shamanism in the forum or at alt.religion.shamanism "Shamanic ecstasy is the real "Old Time Religion," of which modern churches are but pallid evocations. Shamanic, visionary ecstasy, the mysterium tremendum , the unio mystica , the eternally delightful experience of the universe as energy, is a sine qua non of religion, it is what religion is for! There is no need for faith, it is the ecstatic experience itself that gives one faith in the intrinsic unity and integrity of the universe, in ourselves as integral parts of the whole; that reveals to us the sublime majesty of our universe, and the fluctuant, scintillant, alchemical miracle that is quotidian consciousness. Any religion that requires faith and gives none, that

8. Shamanism: Foundation For Shamanic Studies Founded By Michael Harner A non profit educational organization founded by Michael Harner. Includes the Way of the Shaman Basic Category Society Religion and Spirituality shamanism......World Wide Shamanic Web Your source for information and products relatingto the study of shamanism. Now you can join more than 5,000 http://www.shamanism.org/

World Wide Shamanic Web Your source for information and products relating to the study of shamanism Now you can join more than 5,000 people each year who take our rigorous training in core shamanism, the near universal methods of shamanism without a specific cultural perspective. 200-plus training programs are given each year in North America, Europe, Latin America, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Founded by internationally renowned anthropologist Michael Harner with a three-fold mission to study, to teach, and to preserve shamanism, the Foundation for Shamanic Studies has built a reputation of consistency and dependability by providing reliable training in Core Shamanism to interested learners worldwide. Harner has been recognized as a pioneer in the field of anthropology and shamanism since the early 60's when he chose to immerse himself in tribal spiritual traditions rather than restrict his study to more traditional academic techniques. Upcoming Advanced Five-Day Training Courses July 20-25, 2003 Santa Fe, New Mexico - Five-Day Soul Retrieval Training with Sandra Ingerman.

9. Foundation For Shamanic Studies Article Index Articles Related to shamanism. Note that we include a very informative interview ofMichael Harner, which may answer many of your questions regarding shamanism. http://www.shamanism.org/articles/

Articles Related to Shamanism This section contains articles and resources related to shamanic studies. Note that we include a very informative interview of Michael Harner, which may answer many of your questions regarding shamanism. Articles in this section: Shamanic Healing: We Are Not Alone An Interview of Michael Harner by Bonnie Horrigan The Reality of Spirits Edith Turner Practicing Shamanism in a Community Health Center by Myron Eshowsky The Need for a Spirituality Focused on Healing - Free of Politics. by Michael Harner Healing the Aftermath of Terror by Bill Brunton-Editor: SHAMANISM Shamanism and Peacemaking by Myron Eshowsky Community Shamanism: Youth, Violence, and Healing. by Myron Eshowsky Tuva, Land of Eagles. -The Foundation's 1993 Expedition to Tuva by - Bill Brunton Shamanism and the Spirits of Weather by Nan Moss and David Corbin Science, Spirits, and Core Shamanism by Michael Harner Choose a Location Shop for Shamanic Supplies Shamanism Workshops About FSS FSS Faculty and Board Free Articles Online Forum How to Join FSS Contact Us Foundation for Shamanic Studies PO Box 1939 Mill Valley, CA 94942

10. Animal Spirit Guides Shamanism shamanism, the worlds oldest healing tradition, is found in all cultures. Shamans work with animal spirits. Learn wisdom of 300 animal helpers. shamanism. WORKING WITH ANIMAL SPIRITS http://www.geocities.com/~animalspirits

SHAMANISM WORKING WITH ANIMAL SPIRITS Welcome If you're stuck in someone's frames press here! Free JavaScripts provided by The JavaScript Source Updated: March 9, 2003 This site is optimized for 800 x 600 screen resolution, high color, © 1997-2002 Animal Spirits® Home Page. All Rights (Except Photographs) Reserved. No part may be used without permission. Website by Animal Spirit Graphics® Maintained by Wolf This site is a member of WebRing. To browse visit Previous 5 Sites Skip Previous Previous Next This RingSurf Shamanism Web Circle Net Ring owned by Animal Spirit Guides Skip Next Next 5 Sites Random Site ... List Sites

11. Shamanism Webring Circle For pages from people interested in honoring the animal spirits, walking gently upon the earth, or Category Society Religion and Spirituality Webweaving Web Rings......shamanism, the world’s oldest healing tradition, is found in allcultures. shamanism WEB CIRCLE. Welcome To Our Information Page. http://www.animalspirits.com/ringjoin.html

SHAMANISM WEB CIRCLE Welcome To Our Information Page SHAMANISM IS THE WORLD'S OLDEST HEALING TRADITION. SHAMANS CAN BE FOUND IN ALL CULTURES ON EARTH. GUIDELINES FOR SUBMITTING PAGES: The Shamanism Web Circle accepts pages from people interested in honoring the animal spirits, walking gently upon the earth, or spiritual healing in general. Your page does not have to be about Shamanism. Pages that fail to honor the right of all life to walk their soul path gently upon the Earth will not be allowed into this ring. We are rated appropriate for all ages. Pages that do not conform to this standard will not be added. In the spirit of community, our ring rearranges itself randomly each week. We believe this gives the smaller sites increased exposure. Ring Site Index There are currently 360 sites in the ring. STEP ONE - HOW TO JOIN THE SHAMANISM WEB CIRCLE: PLEASE NOTE:****It is very important that the URL you give when joining is the one that your navigation bar will be placed on. If it is not, your site will not be approved. Fill out this form for the Shamanism Web Ring.

12. Animal Spirit Guides Shamanism Shamans work with their alliesthe animal spirits. Learn the wisdom of over three hundred of these Category Society Religion and Spirituality Contemporary shamanism......shamanism, the worlds oldest healing tradition, is found in all cultures. Shamanswork with animal spirits. Learn wisdom of 300 animal helpers. shamanism. http://www.animalspirits.com/

SHAMANISM WORKING WITH ANIMAL SPIRITS Welcome If you're stuck in someone's frames press here! Free JavaScripts provided by The JavaScript Source Updated: March 9, 2003 This site is optimized for 800 x 600 screen resolution, high color, © 1997-2002 Animal Spirits® Home Page. All Rights (Except Photographs) Reserved. No part may be used without permission. Website by Animal Spirit Graphics® Maintained by Wolf This site is a member of WebRing. To browse visit Previous 5 Sites Skip Previous Previous Next This RingSurf Shamanism Web Circle Net Ring owned by Animal Spirit Guides Skip Next Next 5 Sites Random Site ... List Sites

13. Esoteric School Of Shamanism And Magic Mystery school offering teleconference, online, selfpaced and apprentice programs in magic and shamanism.Category Society Religion and Spirituality Shopping Services......National online school of magick and shamanism teaching practical esoteric techniques,including wiccan spells, elemental magick and native american rituals. http://www.shamanschool.com/

Magical Solutions for Everyday Challenges Got Magic? Need help with angry bosses, unpaid bills, headaches and more? Get Everyday Magic! Just $19.95! Find out more... Your Ticket to Freedom Break free of the problems that have kept you from your dreams. Sign up for the Freedom Course Magic in your Mailbox Get REAL MAGICK A free weekly ezine Now Interviewing Apprentices... Ready to think big, dig deep and journey far? More details... Real magic does exist. It isn't just found in fantasy novels or movies, but in real life. At some time in your life, did you spend time wishing you could travel out of body, fly, be invisible or play with fireballs? Did you daydream about casting spells or using a crystal ball? Or maybe you have spent some time working with magical spells or divination, only to find that it doesn't work reliably, if at all? The reality is that magic does and has always existed on this planet. It is real, reliable and effective. Tribal people regarded what we call "magic" as ordinary knowledge — they didn't attend esoteric or mystery schools to learn magic because it was available as everyday information. Today, in the age of computers and the information superhighway, many of us long for those simpler tribal times — more magical times. Those times have arrived, and we have the magical tools you seek. Alongside their regular schoolwork or careers, our students are

14. Shamanism Index faqs.org, Search FAQs Show References. shamanism shamanism/newsgroup-faqSubject http://isc.faqs.org/faqs/shamanism/

Search FAQs - Show References Search Subject/Archive Names Search Article Headers Shamanism shamanism/newsgroup-faq Subject: soc.religion.shamanism-Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Maintainer: deane@netcom.com (Dean Edwards) Last Posted: 1 Oct 2000 06:25:01 GMT Last-modified: 22 Dec 1995 Version: shamanism/overview Subject: Shamanism-General Overview-Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Maintainer: deane@netcom.com (Dean Edwards) Last Posted: 1 Oct 2000 06:25:00 GMT Last-modified: 18 Nov 1996 Version: By Archive-name By Author By Category By Newsgroup ... Help PLEASE NOTE: The maintainers of this archive are NOT the authors or maintainers of the individual FAQs. To correct or contribute to these documents, send email to the specific FAQ maintainers identified in each of the FAQs. Last Update April 10 2003 @ 10:10 PM

15. Shamanism-General Overview-Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) shamanismGeneral Overview-Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). Thusshamanism is not the name of a religion or group of religions. http://isc.faqs.org/faqs/shamanism/overview/

Shamanism-General Overview-Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) From: deane@netcom.com (Dean Edwards) Newsgroups: soc.religion.shamanism sci.anthropology alt.out-of-body alt.dreams.lucid ... deane@netcom.com (Dean Edwards) Summary: This FAQ contains a general overview on shamanism. It should be read by anyone interested in understanding the what is meant by shamanism and what differentiates shamanism form other forms of ecstatic experience Keywords: shaman, anthropology, ethnography, consciousness, spirit, oobe Archive-name: shamanism/overview Last-modified: 18 Nov 1996 Version: 1.7.4 WWW: http://www.webcom.com/gspirit/Shaman/shamanov.html deane@netcom.com (Dean Edwards). Shamanism-General Overview-Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) (c November, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 by Dean Edwards) This FAQ shall be posted monthly and is maintained by Dean Edwards ( deane@netcom.com alt.out-of-body deane@netcom.com bearwalker@netonecom.net ... deane@netcom.com End of FAQ By Archive-name By Author By Category By Newsgroup ... Help Send corrections/additions to the FAQ Maintainer: deane@netcom.com

16. The Buryat Home Page BuryatMongol.com shamanism, Folklore, and Poetry. This page is aboutthe shamanism, folklore, history, and poetry of the Buryats http://www.buryatmongol.com/

BuryatMongol.com: Shamanism, Folklore, and Poetry visions from the land of Baikal and the Sayan Mountains Welcome to the rich culture of Siberia! This page is about the shamanism, folklore, history, and poetry of the Buryats The magical land of Lake Baikal, the great Siberian taiga, and the Sayan Mountains has produced a unique culture that is world renowned for its shamanist traditions and epic poetry. Some of the things you will find on this page as it is being built is information and links about: Buryat Shamanism Folklore and Mythology Geser and other Heroic Epics Buryat Shamanism ... The oppressed Hazara Mongol Minority of Afghanistan Did you know that Mongols are almost 20% of the population of Afghanistan? The Hazara and Chahar Aimag were among the most persecuted of all peoples under the Taliban government. About the Hazara Mongols Articles about repression of Hazara Mongols in Hazaragi online magazine Chinggis Khan Sain baina uu? I am the foreign outreach representative of the Mongolian Shamans' Center, called Golomt, or Gulamta in Buryat Mongolian. Golomt means "place of the fire," it is the place where Father Heaven and Mother Earth meet and is the symbolic center of the world in Buryat-Mongolian shamanism. The tradition of Buryat-Mongolian shamanism is at least 5000 years old, probably much older, and Buryat culture represents one of the oldest cultural traditions on earth. The wisdom of Siberian shamanism is applicable in the modern world today. Its basic principles are reverence for the earth and sky, keeping the world and one's personal life in balance, and personal responsibility.

17. Shamanism In Ireland Information is offered on aspects of shamanism in Ireland, along with articles, notes on some practitione Category Regional Europe Society and Culture Religion Paganism......shamanism. in Ireland. Click the Logo for Information.Site last updated on 1st. February 2003. http://www.esatclear.ie/~shamanismireland/

Shamanism in Ireland Click the Logo for Information Site last updated on 1st. February 2003

18. A Course In Mongolian Shamanism - Introduction 101 A Course in Mongolian shamanism Introduction 101. FORWARD. An Overviewof the Model of Mongolian shamanism. In the previous few sections http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/2146/mongolia/cms.htm

A Course in Mongolian Shamanism - Introduction 101 FORWARD MONGOLIAN COSMOLOGY The Four Directions (Durvun Zug) The Ger and the Sacred Circle ... OVERVIEW OF THE MODEL OF MONGOLIAN SHAMANISM Foreword This is a brief introduction to the shamanic world of Siberia, especially from the perspective of the Mongols. In spite of the linguistic differences there are overarching themes and images which appear among all forms of shamanism in Siberia. Indeed, the classic studies of shamanism have given special attention to the shamanism of Altaic peoples such as the Buryat, Mongols, and Tungus, creating an image of a "classic" Siberian shamanism. Some of you may find that certain of the features of Mongolian shamanism which I describe may not completely be true in all its points for all Mongolian or Siberian groups. This is the result of the great geographic area which they occupy and differences in environment and tribal history which allowed for some variation from the observances or beliefs of their kindred. Many of you have some acquaintance with the beliefs of Native Americans, and how their relationship with the world shaped their beliefs and behavior. This is also true of Mongols and Siberian peoples in general. Reverence for mother earth and father heaven above as well as for all the spirits of animals and nature create a way of life which expresses respect for natural forces and abstains from harm to them whenever possible. Mongols believe that the goal of life is to live tegsh , in balance with the world. One stands alone and in power at the center of the world, with infinite blue Father Heaven above and Mother Earth supporting and nurturing below. By living an upright and respectful life, a human being (

19. Huna Kupua - Shamanism From Ancient Hawaii Ken Davison offers classes in San Jose, California.Category Health Alternative Huna...... increase your success and prosperity, increase love and happiness in your life,enhance your psychic abilities, or learn the secrets of Hawaiian shamanism. http://home.attbi.com/~kcdavison/

Pele - Goddess of Fire and the Volcano WELCOME!! THIS SITE IS DEDICATED TO THE STUDY AND PRACTICE OF HUNA, AN ANCIENT POLYNESIAN TEACHING OF KNOWLEDGE AND POWER. WHAT IS HUNA? WHAT HUNA CAN DO FOR YOU CLASSES ON HUNA KUPUA COUNSELING AND PRIVATE TEACHING NOW OPEN! Check out the HUNA KUPUA STORE Learn Huna healing, increase your success and prosperity, increase love and happiness in your life, enhance your psychic abilities, or learn the secrets of Hawaiian shamanism. Click on the link below. THE HUNA KUPUA STORE LINKS MAILING LIST Questions? Comments? Suggestions? Alternative Healing Arts Directory Join Now Ring Hub Random < Prev ... Next >> This page is best viewed with MS Internet Explorer Version 5.0 or later. Download Version 6 s="na";c="na";j="na";f=""+escape(document.referrer) This site was last updated on 4-March-2003

20. Shamanism In Siberia shamanism in Siberia. Excerpts from. ABORIGINAL SIBERIA. A STUDY IN. SOCIALANTHROPOLOGY. BY. MA CZAPLICKA. 1914. PART III. RELIGION. CHAPTER VII. shamanism1. http://www.sacred-texts.com/sha/sibsha.htm

Shamanism in Siberia [Excerpts from] ABORIGINAL SIBERIA A STUDY IN SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY BY M. A. CZAPLICKA SOMERVILLE COLLEGE, OXFORD WITH A PREFACE BY R. R. MARETT READER IN SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD PRESIDENT OF THE FOLK-LORE SOCIETY OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS PART III. RELIGION CHAPTER VII SHAMANISM [1] SHAMANISM is understood by some people to be a primitive form of religion or religio-magic practised by the aborigines of northern Asia as well as by all other aborigines in other parts of the world. This opinion is held by Mikhailowski, Kharuzin, and some other Russian scientists. Others hold that Shamanism was only one form of expression of the religious cult of northern Asia, practised in order to avert the evil spirits. This opinion is found in the writings of Jochelson and Bogoras. There is still another view put forward, which it is well for us to consider. This view we find expressed very clearly in the following extract from Klementz: 'One must not lose sight of the fact that in the various beliefs of the Siberian tribes a very close connexion is noticeable, and, likewise, there can be observed an uninterrupted identity in the foundations of their mythology, and in their rites, even extending as far as the nomenclature-all of which gives one the right to suppose that these beliefs are the result of the joint work of the intellectual activity of the whole north of Asia.'[2] In the writings of the Buryat scientist Banzaroff we find a very similar statement: 'The old national religion of the Mongols and the neighbouring nations is known in Europe as "Shamanism", whereas among those who are not its followers it has no special name.

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