41. Imposing Wilderness Struggles Over Livelihood And Nature refused to recognize that being an indigenous African in a depriving the Meru (andother peoples) of customary in the face of Ikoma and sukuma hunting parties http://www.earthscape.org/r3/ner01/ner01a.html

42. About Tanzania Various peoples inhabited the area now known as Tanzania population of Tanzania consistsof indigenous African groups The Nyamwezisukuma, who make up about 13 http://jamaats.mumineen.org/dar-es-salaam/abouttanzania.htm

Home Sights of Tanzania Tanzanian Links ABOUT TANZANIA The Land of Basic Facts Official Name United Republic of Tanzania Capital Dodoma Area 945,090 square kilometers 364,901 square miles Major cities (Population) Dar es Salaam 1,734,000 (1995 estimate) Zanzibar Mwanza Tanga Dodoma 134,000 (1990 estimate) People Population 29,685,000 (1995 estimate) Population growth rate 3 % (1990-1995 average) Population density 31 persons per square kilometer 80.3 persons per square mile (1995 estimate) Urbanization Per cent urban 24.4 % (1995 estimate) Per cent rural 75.6 % (1995 estimate) Life Expectancy Total 52 years (1995 estimate) Female 54 years (1995 estimate) Male 51 years (1995 estimate) Infant mortality rate 109 deaths per 1,000 live births (1995 estimate) Literacy rate Total 68 % (1995 estimate) Female 57 % (1995 estimate) Male 79 % (1995 estimate) Ethnic Divisions African (more than 120 ethnic sub-groups) Indian, European, and Arab Languages Swahili (official), English (official; used for commerce, administration, and higher education) NOTE: The first language of most people is that of their ethnic sub-group Religions Mainland Zanzibar Christian Muslim Others Hindu, indigenous beliefs, and other

43. African Proverbs, Sayings And Stories - Book Reviews in the way (happening among the peoples and cultures of examples of what embodiesthis sukuma oral literature in the typical indigenous language of http://www.afriprov.org/resources/bkreview.htm

Book Reviews Contents Book Review of What African Myths Tell Catfish and Toad Book Review of ... African Proverbs on Peace and War Book Review of What African Myths Tell Printed by Peramiho: Peramiho Printing Press, 2/2OO2. 12 pages Reviewed by John P. Mbonde How was it at the beginning? Father John Henschel C.S.Sp. of Bagamoyo Parish, Tanzania is the author of this booklet. Undoubtedly his inspiration derives from the fact that he [from Germany] has lived for years at a famous historical place, Bagamoyo, where the first Catholic missionaries set foot in Tanzania mainland to proclaim the Gospel. On the other side Bagamoyo is a famous slave trading centre and also the place where the remains of Dr David Livingstone were kept for some time before being sent abroad fore burial. "Since time immemorial men found answers in a unique style, in the style of narrated stories, narrated in myths A myth is a story told in a special way which originates in prehistorical time The myths elucidate that even the first men, millenniums and millenniums ago, were able to see not only the nature around them. They had the ability to understand what is behind the foreground, to understand profound realities. As the last profound reality they recognized God" (p. 9). In everyday life, each one of us has three main important questions: WHAT—WHENWHY. Myths are basically memories of the past. Africa tells thousands of such old myths. This book, "What African Myths Tell" with its subtitle "How was it at the beginning?" discusses seven myths selected from six different African ethnic groups (nations) who live thousands of kilometres away from one another, but tell the same myths.

44. African Proverbs, Stories And Sayings - Meetings he is trying to show what indigenous oral literature are proverbs from languages ofAfrican peoples whose number on the latest research on sukuma, the largest http://www.afriprov.org/resources/meetings.htm

Meetings and Workshops Report of the Meeting of the Kenya Proverbs Committee, Nairobi, Kenya, 22 March 2003 Present: Dr. Gerald Wanjohi Professor Monica Mweseli Evans Nyakundi Joseph Kariuki (Secretary) The meeting started at 10:26 a.m. Joseph introduced the meeting by giving a highlight of the issues he and Rev. Joe Healey discussed over the telephone regarding the meeting on the 22nd February 2003. Some of the highlights were: Rev. Joe Healey is not the financial sponsor of the research projects but rather some personal contacts of his and different organizations in the USA. Evans Nyakundi’s new project should be on Gusii stories and not on proverbs as he had already collected proverbs from the Gusii community in the “Endangered Proverbs Series.” Concerning the increase of the grant for a single project, this would affect only subsequent projects but not the ones that had already been discussed, e.g. Jean Nyandwi and Evans Nyakundi. The following matters arose out of the above issues. Appreciation of information that Joe himself was not the financial sponsor Evans said that he did not understand the question of his collection of stories ahead of the finalization of issues of his previous collection of proverbs in Gusii. He said that although Rev. Healey had asked him to work on the second collection of Gusii proverbs, he had not been given funds for the project. The group discussed that they were not aware that he had not been given the funds for the project and suggested that Rev. Healey be asked if Evans could be reimbursed for the cost he incurred when undertaking the project. The group also felt that they could not go ahead and discuss the proverb proposal that he had brought with him. Instead they asked Evan to come up with another proposal on the collection of stories.

45. Tanzania Overgrazing from the sukuma also resulted in carried on eviction of indigenous peoplesand denied Management (CWM) projects in africa, specifically Tanzania http://www.geog.byu.edu/durrant/courses/geog485/Fall2000/Tanzania.html

Lucienne Jugant Geog. 485 Tanzania Research Article Newmark, W. 1994. The Conflict Between Wildlife and Local People Living Adjacent to Protected Areas in Tanzania: Human Density as a Predictor. Conservation Biology, 8(1): 249-255. This article discusses a study which elaborates on the conflicts locals have with wildlife. The frequency of these problems was significantly and inversely proportional to the human density in areas close to protected reserves (249). The article presents the study, as well as the its implications and conclusions which have been drawn. Seventy-one percent of the locals surveyed in lands adjacent to reserves reported a problem with wildlife in their area. These people were asked a serious of five questions, such as, "What species of wildlife cause you problems?" and "What measures do you take to control wildlife? (250)." Most locals reported that wildlife damaged their crops, while a few cited the killing of livestock and poultry. The results of the survey suggest that the frequency of problems reported with wildlife increased as human density factor increased. From these results, researchers discovered that the size of the animal decreased as the human density factor increased. Researchers also predict that moderate levels of density are ideal for controlling wildlife. They said that the ability of people in low and high population densities to control wildlife was not very effective.

46. Habari Ya Maendeleo Ya Tanzania Social and cultural anthropology; sukuma; Nyamwezi; Tanzania. Environmental effects;Fish; indigenous population; Rural factors that guide peoples health care http://www.cdr.dk/library_paper/lp-973.htm

Institute for International Studies Department for Development Research Former Centre for Development Research Copenhagen Tidligere Center for Udviklingsforskning Habari ya maendeleo ya Tanzania - 28. A bibliography on recent articles on Tanzanian development studies CDR Library Paper 97.3, November 1997 Ole Nørgaard Email your order for a paper copy to library@cdr.dk Introduction. This is the twenty-eighth issue of Recent Articles on Tanzania , a bibliography published since 1982 by the Center for Development Research (CDR) library as part of a research cooperation agreement between the Center and the University Library, the Economic Research Bureau and the Institute of Resource Assessment, all of the University of Dar es Salaam. Until recently this bibliography has only indexed articles on Tanzania in periodicals published outside the country; however, since no. 20 of the bibliography articles from those Tanzanian periodicals subscribed to by the CDR library have also been included. Articles in journals as well as anthologies which deals with East Africa as a whole are to a large extent included in the bibliography. Photocopies of all entries from non-Tanzanian periodicals and books have been forwarded to the East Africana section of the University Library in a modest attempt to offset local documentation resource shortage.

47. Tanzania. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Bantuspeaking peoples include the sukuma (the republic rule was first developed(see Frederick Lugard), Tanganyika had few indigenous large-scale http://www.bartleby.com/65/ta/Tanzania.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia See also: Tanzania Factbook PREVIOUS NEXT CONTENTS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Tanzania (t n KEY ) , officially United Republic of Tanzania, republic (1995 est. pop. 28,701,000), 364,898 sq mi (945,087 sq km), E Africa, formed in 1964 by the union of the republics of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. For a description of the island of Zanzibar, and its history until 1964, see

48. Barbier-Mueller Museum (3) and Indonesia are forms not indigenous to these Traditional peoples themselves viewedtheir shields in a The Bagobo and sukuma displayed shields that they http://sapir.ukc.ac.uk/PRM/prmroot/shieweap/bouclie3.html

Shields in the Barbier-Mueller Museum (3) Introduction Foreword to catalogue Review of form, function and contextualisation of shields Shield labels Form, function and contextual framework: Shields in the collection of the Barbier-Mueller Museum Shields were the most extensively utilized form of defensive weapons in the world. Principally used as bodily protection against missiles and as weapons with which to actively parry blows, bearers wielded shields just as effectively to launch offensive attacks, carry magico-religious protective medicines, and create visual noise to confuse or frighten the enemies. The Kalinga of Northern Philippines, for example, used multipronged shields to ambush their victims and pin them to the ground between the prongs in preparation for beheading. To aid with the owner's defense and offense, the Kenyah-Kayan of Borneo painted their shields on the obverse and reverse sides with elaborate double images of the aso -dragon, part of a complex series of soul-protecting measures that extended to traditional patterns on woven cloth, warriors' metal ornaments, and healers' charms. roromaraugi ... , for example, originally functioned as a parrying shield and was held along the pole shaft. The Trobriand

49. Suggested Research Topics/Guide & Selective Reference Sources practices in ..society A study of indigenous musical instruments traditions ofthe Akan and Senufo peoples A systematic and magic powers of a sukuma chief. http://aaas.ohio-state.edu/dka/342eguid.htm

HANDOUTS/RESEARCH GUIDEAAAS 342 1. Sample Research Proposals 2. Sample Research Topics 3. Reference/Research SourcesQuicklist 4. Internet/Online Sources ... FINALS -click here>>>. Online version: http://aaas.ohio-state.edu/dka/342eguid.htm Sample Research Proposal You may also, depending on the nature of your research project/paper, append a brief bibliography of relevantsources that will inform your paper. Remember DEADLINES, as specified in IMPORTANT DATES section of the syllabus. State the topic in a clear, precise manner. Sometimes a subtitle is helpful in breaking down or clarifying down the subject further, for example: (a) PROTEST SONGS AS A MEDIUM FOR COMMUNICATING WORKERS' GRIEVANCES DURING THEDEPRESSION: A STUDY OF FIFTEEN LYRICS OR: (b) THE INFLUENCE OF CHURCH HYMNS ON PROTEST SONGS OF THE DEPRESSION: A STUDY OFFIFTEEN LYRICS The aim of this project is to investigate the verbal content of fifteen protest songs selected from the Depression (ca. 1927-1933) era, with focus on how the messages of the songs reflect workers’ experiences and expectations. In addition, the study will examine specific performance techniques employed in order to impress the messages on the audiences. A basic assumption of this project is that the situation of protest is a socially significant one and that the song texts and manner of performance will be influenced in many ways by the uniqueness of the situation. [Or: A basic hypothesis of this project is that there is a relationship between the situation of protest and the song texts, including the manner in which they are performed.]

50. Http//www.un.org/esa/govasia.htm Asian Information Networks Http http//photo.net/sukuma/, The sukuma Museum. lanic.utexas.edu/project/lasa95/drz.html,indigenous People, Law http//uwa.moles.org/, U'wa peoples of the Andean http://orgc.org/links/

the socio-political search catalogue and engine at this place a new kind of search engine will come up. but till now only about 800 links are sampled in an unsorted list. the new engine will appear under an own domain name that is still unknown to the creators. please be patient, and come back at the end of the second quarter of 2002 - sorry! below is the list of samples for all who can't wait. at the moment you should go to SOSIG - the social science information gateway http://www.un.org/esa/govasia.htm Asian information networks http://www.un.org/esa/govafri.htm African information networks http://www.un.org/esa/goveast.htm Eastern European information networks http://www.un.org/esa/govlatin.htm Latin American and Caribbean information networks http://www.un.org/esa/govwest.htm information networks of Western European and Other States http://www.ifs.univie.ac.at/unov/home.html UN International Year of the Family 1994 http://www.un.org/Pubs/CyberSchoolBus/ UN Cyber School Bus http://www.stud.uni-hannover.de/~konstant Wissen.Schaf(f)t http://www.heise.de/

51. Camille.html administration, at least one of the indigenous languages became the colonial era,the coastal peoples had come Swahili were evident among the sukuma, Mbulu, Ha http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/afl/camille.html

CAMILLE A.N. HENRY Decolonising the Colonial Mind TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction The Early History of Swahili THE EARLY 20th CENTURY COLONIAL PERIOD The Post-WW1 Colonial period INDEPENDENCE AND BEYOND Personal Perspectives Conclusion BIBLIOGRAPHY Introduction Can we afford and is it necessary to develop all the vernacular languages? What should be the role of non-vernacular languages in nation-building and education? Which of the vernaculars should be adopted as the official language in a country? What should be the place of vernaculars in the educational system? When should we introduce a second language? Can we understand the nature of African cultures without knowing the contribution of African languages to those cultures? (p. ix) This paper will examine some of the decisions stemming from these questions, as well as trace their linguistic and cultural consequences. I will compare the language policies of Kenya and Tanzania and how the promotion of Swahili has been to the detriment of the rich linguistic legacy of these countries. The Early History of Swahili The economic and cultural environments of these language regions also affected the relative penetration, prevalence and prestige of the languages. Initially, the Lamu archipelago served as a major trading center with the Middle East. With the influence of Islam, this area, including the region that now encompasses Mombasa, became a rich haven of prosperity and consequently of

52. ISLAM2 South of the sukuma live the Nyamwezi who Trade contacts with peoples in the interior,especially the standpoint and openness towards indigenous African beliefs http://www.islamtz.org/articles/islam2.htm

Articles Comments e-mail us African Islam in Tanzania By Abdulaziz Y. Lodhi and David Westerlund (MSS March 1997) The historical background Islamic denominations Islam in society New organizations and tendencies ... Literature Because of extensive missionary activities and development projects, Tanzania is one of the most well-known countries of Africa. The idealistic socialist politics of president Julius Nyerere during the 1960's and 70's attracted many Westerners. Tanzania had approximately 30.4 million inhabitants in mid 1995; about 1% were of non-African origin. Even if the population growth is high, the country is (like most countries in Africa ( sparsely populated. The population consists of a large number of ethnic groups. The great majority of these are speakers of Bantu languages. The largest ethnic group is the Sukuma, spread south of Lake Victoria. South of the Sukuma live the Nyamwezi who, culturally and lingustically, are closely related to their northern neighbours. The historical background The earliest concrete evidence of Moslem presence in East Africa is the foundation of a mosque in Shanga on Pate Island where gold, silver and copper coins dated AD 830 were found during an excavation in the 1980's. The oldest intact building in East Africa is a functioning mosque at Kizimkazi in southern Zanzibar dated AD 1007. It appears that Islam was widespread in the Indian Ocean area by the 14th century. When Ibn Battuta from Maghreb visited the East African littoral in 1332 he reported that he felt at home because of Islam in the area. The coastal population was largely Moslem, and Arabic was the language of literature and trade. The whole of the Indian Ocean seemed to be a "Moslem sea". Moslems controlled the trade and established coastal settlements in South East Asia, India and East Africa.

53. EJAB Electronic Journal Of Africana Bibliography, Volume 8 Development projects/Fulbe/Gender/Maasai/sukuma/Tuareg/Wodaabe Nomadic peoples (1997),vol. Drought/Grazing reserve/Grazing rights/indigenous knowledge/Mali http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/ejab/8/biblio.html

54. INASP | Newsletter The pages with which the peoples were crushed are indigenous Knowledge and DevelopmentMonitor, 5 (3) 1114 be attended by everybody in the sukuma society; but http://www.inasp.info/newslet/nov98.html

International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications 27 Park End Street, Oxford OX1 1HU, UK Tel: +44 1865 249909 Fax: +44 1865 251060 E-mail: inasp@inasp.info Newsletter No. 11 November 1998 In this issue: Communicating Science and Technology Information to Rural People Books and Breaking the Bonds Meeting the Information Needs of Third World Farmers INASP-HEALTH Community-based Healthcare Information Famine Hits Kenya's Healthcare The Importance of Indigenous Knowledge Acacia: Communities and the Information Society in Africa ... Notice Board Newsletter Editors: Ard Jongsma Neil Pakenham-Walsh (INASP-Health section) Guest Editor for this issue: Diana Rosenberg Contributors to this issue: IsabelCarter, Alfredo Mires Ortiz, Joyce A. Otsyina, Frank Tulus, Laurent Umans, David Werner. Editorial address: INASP P.O. Box 2564

55. Useful Websites Page; Dogon Photo Essay; The sukuma Home Page; The Relationship between IndigenousPastoralist Resource Tenure and among the Okavango Delta peoples of Botswana; http://homepages.isunet.net/dafarnham/africa/useful.htm

Useful Websites on Africa Contents African News Sources African Studies General Resources Individual Cultures ... Southern Africa African News Sources Contents Focus On Africa: BBC World Service Africa Daily CNN African News ... Africa-Confidential African Studies Contents General Resources Contents African Studies at the University of Pennsylvania Africa South of the Sahara: Stanford University UCLA Library Collections and Internet Resources in: African Studies ... Wajibu (Journal of African Custom and Tradition) Individual Cultures Contents Okavango Delta Peoples of Botswana Samburu (Kenya) Multimedia Ethnography !Kung San Page (Lawrence University, WI) ... Hadza Bibliography Social Organization Contents Sex, Marriage, and Family Contents Order of the Homestead and its Boundaries: The Duruma (Kenya) Concept of Homestead and Sexuality Niger Student Writing on Marriage, part 1 Niger Student Writing on Marriage, part 2 ... Azande: Childhood and Sexuality Kinship and Descent Contents Descent, Clans and Territorial Organization in the Tikar Chiefdom of Ngambe, Cameroon (David Price

56. Farming Systems In The African Savanna: Chapter 6 Somalis, the Masai, and other pastoral peoples, the Karamojong that maintained acover of indigenous grasses on In 1965, about 1.1 million sukuma occupied an http://www.idrc.ca/books/focus/793/chap6.html

Chapter 6 Subarid Savanna Zone 600–900 mm Rainfall 90- to 140-day Growing Season West Africa — Sudanian Zone Eastern Africa — Southern Miombo Woodland The subarid savanna zone ( Fig. 18 ) extends from Dakar to include much of central Senegal, central Mali, southern Burkina Faso and Niger, most of northern Nigeria, and central Chad. In Sudan, it widens to include a large area of the central rainlands, and some of the irrigation schemes on the Blue Nile. A large area in the north and part of the Rift Valley south of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia, the Karamoja District of northeast Uganda, together with a limited area in the Kenyan Rift Valley and to the east of Nairobi, and part of central Tanzania are included. Most of western Zimbabwe and part of southern Zambia and southern Angola are also in this zone. The predominant upland soils in this zone are alfisols, but there is considerable local variation, including dune sands in parts of West Africa, vertisols around Lake Chad and in Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Sudan, and oxisols and entisols in southern Africa (see Fig. 5

57. Untitled societies, such as amongst the Akan peoples of Ghana the growth, gifts and diversitiesof indigenous African churches a 83 sukuma, O, Pp, *but matrilineal if no http://www3.sympatico.ca/ian.ritchie/AFRWOMEN.html

AFRICAN THEOLOGY AND THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN AFRICA [a work in progress] Presented to the Canadian Theological Society May 25, 2001 by Ian D. Ritchie, Ph.D. St. John's Anglican Church, 41 Church St., Kingston, ON., K7M 1H2 The paper assesses the role played by African theologians in advancing the status of women in Africa. The perception (common in western church circles) of the African church as a bastion of conservatism and patriarchy will be examined critically. Starting with a brief overview of gender in precolonial Africa, moving to an analysis of the influence of mission Christianity and the African Initiated Churches, the paper concludes with an evaluation of the influence of African theologians. The conclusion that Christianity may be moving African women towards equality more rapidly than in western societies speaks of a positive relationship between academic theology, church and society.[ An earlier version of this article formed a chapter of the author's 1993 doctoral dissertation, African Theology and Social Change.

58. Africia -- Bono And O'Niel the majority Bantu tribes, the indigenous KhoikhoiSan dominates the country, andthe sukuma, the largest In spite of the numerous peoples, almost everyone can http://home.attbi.com/~nemesis743/Bono_ONielAfrica.htm

Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill, right, and singer Bono from the band U2 wear the traditional outfits presented to them by the villagers of Wamali, in Tamale, northern Ghana, Wednesday May 22, 2002. I guess they both have something in common? Perhaps the heat is getting to them.... Starvation vs. Weight Loss Left, Rock Singer from U2, Bono watches a presentation of U.S. Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill at a News Conference outside Christiansborg castle in Accra, Ghana, Tuesday May 21, 2002. O'Neill and rock singer Bono are in Ghana for two days as part of a four-nation African tour in which Bono hopes to convince O'Neill that Africa can and does put western aid to good use. OK YOU GUYS AT YAHOO... I got the message! Give him a break Baby. He wears silver suits in Africa! I bet he went right out of school to some University, got his MBA and headed right into corporate America. He doesn't know anything. I wasn't writing to Gates about chicks and bulls for no reason. You have to understand how limited their exposure is to the realities of poverty, malnutrition, disease, over population and war. They can't even see it in their own country. When I started writing to Gates he was bragging in the media that he didn't even watch TV. Relax baby, these guys have never done anything in their lives but think about making a buck for share holders. The only thing they want from Africa now is diamonds and oil.

59. Report Of The Secretary-General On the Special Rapporteur on Prisons and Conditions of Detention in africa, appointedby 9 (Rev.1), The Rights of indigenous peoples, in French and Spanish; No. http://www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/TestFrame/cb6c19fc2593384f802566f900

60. Wp898 the position of the Nyamwezi and sukuma in Tanzania and practices, social institutionsand indigenous tenacity must Asking for peoples' opinion does not make a http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/kmi/Julkais/WPt/1998/WP898.HTM

THE CULTURAL PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT: SOME IMPRESSIONS OF ANTHROPOLOGISTS WORKING IN DEVELOPMENT Helena Jerman Working Paper 8/98 University of Helsinki Institute of Development Studies P.O.Box 47 (Hämeentie 153 B) FIN-00014 University of Helsinki Finland Tel. 358-9-708 4777 Fax. 358-9-708 4778 e-mail: ids.finland@helsinki.fi http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/kmi ISSN 1238-898X THE CULTURAL PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT: Some impressions of anthropologists working in development This argument is also found in workshops intending to promote a dialogue between anthropology, international politics and development Two examples will suffice here. A Seminar on Culture and Development in Southern Tanzania brought together researchers from Tanzania It is assumed that empirical research in a similar context must be connected to a participatory process. The task of the Council for Development and Assistance Studies established by the Uppsala University is to promote dialogue between academic researchers and professionals in the field of development cooperation. The chief aim of the Council is to be a bridge between academics and practitioners in order to tap knowledge and resources and in this way create a more efficient development cooperation. The Council operates by arranging seminars and workshops

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