1. Superconductors Superconductor Information for the Beginner. A nicely written site, with much basic information .Category Science Technology Materials superconductors...... A great place to start learning about superconductors. Start here! Arizona State University. One of the top Internet education http://superconductors.org/

VISITOR ALERT: We have detected that your browser is not Java-enabled. Please enable Java and Java Script by clicking on your Browser's "PREFERENCES" area. If you don't not wish to enable Java, you will not be able to view all of the information available on this website. Java is used extensively. What is a Superconductor ? The History of Superconductors Uses for Superconductors Type 1 Superconductors ... Visitor Stats and Kudos "A great place to start learning about superconductors. Start here!" - Arizona State University One of "the top Internet education sites..." - Innovative Teaching "The best information online about superconductivity." - Energy Science News "Superlative...invaluable...endlessly informative." - Netsurfer Science "The greatest Superconductor site on earth." - Michigan State University Super people have found this Index page since July 4, 1999. SUPERCONDUCTORS.ORG is a non-profit, non-affiliated website intended to introduce beginners and non-technical people to the world of superconductors. SUPERCONDUCTORS is endorsed worldwide by over 138 universities, 51 science/education websites, 12 major research laboratories and 5 online encyclopedias. According to the

2. Superconductors: A Guide To Resources On The Web Provides links to web resources on all aspects of superconductors, including research and development, Category Science Technology Materials superconductors......A directory of internet resources about superconductors, includingmanufacturers, organizations, publications and conferences. This http://www.shahlimar.com/superconductor/

T his guide provides links to web resources about all aspects of superconductivity, including research, education, manufacturers, materials, applications and public policy. The links are organized into the categories of Organizations, Academia, Industry, Government, Publications, Article and Reference Materials, Glossaries, and Conferences and Symposia. Organizations Conectus (CSA) (Consortium of European Companies Determined to Use Superconductivity) has a goal of strengthening the general infrastructure for commercial applications of superconductivity in Europe based on the belief that superconductivity will become a major technology in the 21st century. The Cryogenic Society of America, Inc. (CSA) was established in 1964 to promote the dissemination of information about low temperature processes and techniques. The European Network for Superconductivity is funded by the European Commission. The Midwest Superconductivity Consortium (MISCON) consists of six major universities in the U.S. heartland and a number of industrial affiliates. Established in September 29, 1989. Oak Ridge National Laboratory 's Superconducting Technology Program for Electric Power Systems.

3. Superconductors Studentproduced tutorial from Rice University outlines the history and theories of superconductors. The history of superconductors began in 1911 with the discoveries of H. Kamerlingh-Ohnes of Holland. http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~hkic/superconductors

S u p e r c o n d u c t o r s Ari Briskman Dan Fort Steven Meier Marcus Perlman Rice University Chemistry 152 Picture of the orthorhombic unit cell of yttrium barium cuprate (YBa2Cu3O7-x), a superconductor, taken from http://www-dmse.mit.edu/wom/SuperconductingCeramics.html Table of Contents Definition of Superconductivity History Theory Applications ... Making a Superconductor-What We Did. Definition: Back to Table of Contents Superconductors are materials that exhibit zero resistivity (see Ohm's Law and Resistivity supplement below under Theory ) below a critical temperature (T c ), which depends upon the material. Figure taken from Tipler, Paul A. Physics: For Scientists and Engineers . New York: Worth Publishers, 1991. The presence of an external magnetic field lowers the value of T c , and if the field is of sufficient strength (greater than some critical value B c ), then superconductivity ceases in the material regardless of the temperature. Type I and Type II Superconductors Superconductors are classified as either type I or type II , the former applying to the original elemental superconductors such zinc, mercury, and aluminum, and the later referring to the more modern compounds such as yttrium barium cuprate. Type I and type II superconductors and how they differ, along with the Meissner effect, is discussed in greater length under the

4. Making Matter: Superconductors Table of Contents. superconductors. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry http://www.ill.fr/dif/3D-crystals/superconductors.html

High Tc Superconductors Solid State Chemistry Index Help Oxides like silica are normally insulators because the electrons are intimately associated with the individual bonds or ions. Metals can conduct because the electrons are relatively free. But there are oxides that can become metallic conductors, or even superconductors. The most interesting contain "mixed valence" atoms such as copper that can give up a variable number of electrons when bonding. According to Pauling's ideas about chemical bonds, by looking at the co-ordination of these atoms, we can usually tell something about their valence. For example, look at the co-ordination of copper in one of the new ceramic oxide superconductor . The copper (Cu) are the green atoms, the oxygen are as usual red and barium is blue. Clearly there are two kinds of copper atom - those that are co-ordinated by 4 oxygen atoms (green squares), typical of divalent Cu++, and those that have a fifth oxygen atom (green pyramids). This material has zero electrical resistance even above the temperature of liquid air - cold but easy to produce and handle. This is truly amazing, and a few years ago would have been thought impossible. If we heat this remarkable superconductor in the absence of oxygen it loses one of its oxygen atoms and becomes the insulator with a very similar structure. The oxygen is lost from one particular site; the chains of CuO4 squares. Copper in these squares is left with only two oxygen atoms, typical of monovalent Cu+. Copper is said to have been "reduced" from Cu++ to Cu+. Oxygen and superconductivity can be restored by "oxidising" the copper again from Cu+ to Cu++. This solid state chemistry is clearly responsible for the unusual electrical properties.

5. Materials By Design: Superconductors superconductors. A superconductor can conduct electricity without electrical resistance at temperatures above absolute http://www.mse.cornell.edu/engri111/superco.htm

Superconductors A superconductor can conduct electricity without electrical resistance at temperatures above absolute zero. The change from normal electrical conductivity to superconductivity occurs abruptly at a critical temperature T c A superconductor is also able to exclude the surrounding magnetic field. This is known as the Meissner Effect. When a small, strong magnet approaches a superconductor, it induces a current in the superconductor. Because the current flows inside the superconductor without electrical resistance, the current induces its own magnetic field which can repel the magnet, producing a force to counteract gravity in order to levitate the magnet above the surface of the superconductor. Superconductors are used in medical instruments such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems. Video clip: Microsoft Video for Windows AVI (142 kB), Apple QuickTime (138 kB) Critical Values for Superconductors Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Ceramics and Glasses Composites ... Materials by Design is produced by Cornell University's Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University

6. Superconductivity Concepts Basics and very advanced theory of super conductors. . http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/supcon.html

Characteristic lengths in superconductors Index Superconductors by Joe Eck HyperPhysics Condensed Matter R Nave Go Back

7. American Superconductor ASC performs research and development in high temperature superconductor (HTS) technology for the Category Science Technology Materials superconductors......American Superconductor Corporation (NASDAQAMSC) develops solutions and manufacturesproducts to dramatically improve the cost, efficiency and reliability of http://www.amsuper.com/

American Superconductor Corporation (NASDAQ:AMSC) develops solutions and manufactures products to dramatically improve the cost, efficiency and reliability of systems that generate, deliver and use electric power. Choose an Application Semiconductors Industrial Wind Energy Utility Ship Propulsion How Dynamic VAR Technology Resolves Key Windfarm Operational and Business Issues American Superconductor Books Record HTS Wire Orders in Fourth Fiscal Quarter AMSC Successfully Completes No-Load Factory Tests American Superconductor Announces CFO Resignation ... American Superconductor Forecasts Initial Backlog

8. Previous Articles A look at what makes some conductors super, from About.com http://physics.about.com/library/weekly/aa111798.htm?rf=dp&COB=home

9. Superconductors High superconductivity in certain metallic oxides discovered in mid 1980's. Believed to be as important as important as the transistor superconductors have many unusual electromagnetic properties to direct currents, no heating, no losses. Certain superconductors expel applied magnetic fields so the field is always http://www.superconductors.org/

VISITOR ALERT: We have detected that your browser is not Java-enabled. Please enable Java and Java Script by clicking on your Browser's "PREFERENCES" area. If you don't not wish to enable Java, you will not be able to view all of the information available on this website. Java is used extensively. What is a Superconductor ? The History of Superconductors Uses for Superconductors Type 1 Superconductors ... Visitor Stats and Kudos "A great place to start learning about superconductors. Start here!" - Arizona State University One of "the top Internet education sites..." - Innovative Teaching "The best information online about superconductivity." - Energy Science News "Superlative...invaluable...endlessly informative." - Netsurfer Science "The greatest Superconductor site on earth." - Michigan State University Super people have found this Index page since July 4, 1999. SUPERCONDUCTORS.ORG is a non-profit, non-affiliated website intended to introduce beginners and non-technical people to the world of superconductors. SUPERCONDUCTORS is endorsed worldwide by over 138 universities, 51 science/education websites, 12 major research laboratories and 5 online encyclopedias. According to the

10. Superconductor Uses The Yamanashi MLX01 MagLev train. Uses for superconductors. Magneticlevitationis an application where superconductors perform extremely well. http://superconductors.org/Uses.htm

VISITOR ALERT: We have detected that your browser is not Java-enabled. Please enable Java and Java Script by clicking on your Browser's "PREFERENCES" area. If you don't not wish to enable Java, you will not be able to view all of the information available on this website. Java is used extensively. The Yamanashi MLX01 MagLev train. Uses for Superconductors Magnetic-levitation is an application where superconductors perform extremely well. Transport vehicles such as trains can be made to "float" on strong superconducting magnets, virtually eliminating friction between the train and its tracks. Not only would conventional electromagnets waste much of the electrical energy as heat, they would have to be physically much larger than superconducting magnets. A landmark for the commercial use of MAGLEV technology occurred in 1990 when it gained the status of a nationally-funded project in Japan. The Minister of Transport authorized construction of the Yamanashi Maglev Test Line which opened on April 3, 1997. Two years later on April 14, 1999, the MLX01 test vehicle (shown above) attained an incredible speed of 343 miles per hour. Although the technology has now been proven, the wider use of MAGLEV vehicles has been constrained by political and environmental concerns. The world's only MAGLEV train to be adopted into commercial service, a shuttle in Birmingham, England, shut down in 1997 after operating for 11 years. Meanwhile, the U.S. has plans to have its first Maglev train in operation by the spring of 2003, on a

11. CAN SUPERCONDUCTORS Home Page The use of Bi2223 HTSC material brings not only the highest critical temperatureof Bi based superconductors but also, when properly treated, a high critical http://www.can.cz/

Superconducting Materials and Products Welcome at our web presentation. We are a Czech company established in 1994. We focus on development and production of high temperature superconducting materials and components. All our products are based on long-period research and experience in superconductivity and related fields. The use of Bi-2223 HTSC material brings not only the highest critical temperature of Bi based superconductors but also, when properly treated, a high critical current density with a lowered sensitivity to the external magnetic field. Single domain YBCO Levitation Bulk offers even more promising applications. For schools we offer superconductivity demonstration kits for experiments showing the basic features of this fascinating science. CAN SUPERCONDUCTORS Podebradska 12, 190 00 Praha 9, Czech Republic Tel:+420-2-84818804, Fax:+420-2-84818800 E-mail: can@can.cz

12. CAN SUPERCONDUCTORS Home Page CSDK 1 Demonstration kit for Meissner effect. - basic property of superconductors.small limiters. CAN superconductors Demonstration kits. http://www.can.cz/kits.htm

Superconductivity demonstration kits For educational purposes we prepare following low priced kits for schools. All the kits can be used as aids for teaching physics and other subjects. CSDK 1 - Demonstration kit for Meissner effect - basic property of superconductors small rare earth magnet levitating above high temperature superconductor YBaCuO disk cooled by liquid nitrogen CSDK 2 - Demonstration kit of strong levitation force - example of applicable superconductivity - demonstration of simple magnetic bearing - kit also includes aids for Meissner effect demonstration easy handling superconducting magnetic top of 0.1 kg levitating and flying above high temperature superconductor cooled by liquid nitrogen demonstrates strong forces between NdFeB permanent magnet and superconducting YBaCuO levitator CSDK 3 - Demonstration kit of levitation and suspension - kit also includes aids for Meissner effect demonstration NdFeB permanent magnet levitating above and/or suspended below high temperature superconductor demonstrates high repulsive and attractive forces, respectively. OTHER DEMONSTRATION PARTS - parts made of BiPbSrCaCuO superconductor (critical temperature 108 K) CSB -2/3/20 - superconducting bar with silver layer on both ends for an easy soldering the current and voltage leads (thickness 2 mm, width 3 mm, length 20 mm) - suitable as a sample for measuring the critical temperature and critical current

13. Popular Science. Science For All. Science, Technology And Society. Personal web site includes current science news, great old news, as well as stories about science, all with focus on topics of popular interest. Articles on old and new myths, shape and symmetry in Nature, evolution and metaevolution, hot molecules, advanced materials, superconductors, lithium batteries. Also Science Humor. http://www.geocities.com/capecanaveral/hangar/9434/

Science stories for wondering people. By P. Gomez-Romero What's New QWERTY Whatd'you think? Opinion Articles History from Great Old News News that will make History Editorial Popularizing Science Science Stories Sci+Tec+Society Nature Tales of Evolution Energy ... HOME New materials, evolution, technology, symmetry and shape in nature, old and modern myths, humor, open questions and the latest science news. Read about QWERTY "Technological evolution at your fingertips" NATURE.SCIENCE FOR ALL: Hexagons Forever! Snow Flakes Rechargeable lithium batteries. An alternative to toxic Lead and Cadmium. Evolution never sleeps SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: The flight of Daedalus Mad scientists never die Living in a Darwinless society CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS, NEW MATERIALS: Fullerenes:Hot Molecules High-Tc Superconductors: Cool Materials Is this a molecule ?. Frontiers between Molecules and extended solids Rechargeable lithium batteries. An alternative to toxic Lead and Cadmium. SCIENCE, NEWS AND HISTORY: Gardening your OWN stem cells The International Space Station 100 years of aspirin SCIENCE IN THE NET: Other Great Science Sites Tech News Med News Best Science Cartoons Dr. Pedro Gomez-Romero (b.

14. Dynamic Directory - Science - Technology - Materials - Superconductors Futurescience Good introductory material on superconductors, including "instructions for Making superconductors in a http://www.maximumedge.com/cgi/dir/index.cgi/Science/Technology/Materials/Superc

var AdLoaded = false; var bsid = '18707'; var bsads = '6'; var bsloc = ''; var bswx = 468; var bshx = 60; var bsw = '_top'; var bsb = 'FFFFFF'; var bsf = '000000'; var bsalt = 'off'; MaximumEdge.com Search E-Mail News ... Maps Dynamic Directory Top Science Technology Materials :Superconductors Categories Web Pages Cryotechnology Electricity Generation Acroscape - Acroscape's research on superconducting materials focuses on the development of materials and manufacturing processes for the superconducting wires that have a high potential for improved conductor performance and low fabrication costs. American Magnetics, Inc. - AMI is an engineering and manufacturing firm specializing in superconducting magnet design and manufacturing. In Oak Ridge, Tennessee. American Superconductor - ASC performs research and development in high temperature superconductor (HTS) technology for the global electric power industry. Westborough, MA and Dusseldorf, Germany. Applied Superconductivity Center - Applied Superconductivity Center at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Research papers, superconductor images, links to other labs. ARS Associates: Instruments and systems for superconductivity - ARS Associates is a manufacturer's representative in the fields of cryogenics, vacuum / eemiconductor process equipment, and superconductivity, including superconducting magnets, instrumentation, and cryostats. In Allentown, PA.

15. Welcome To The Oxide Physics Research Programme Web Pages The programme is a collaboration of experimental and theoretical physicists working on the behaviour of correlated electrons in oxide materials. Based in the School of Physics and Astronomy at Birmingham University, United Kingdom. Materials of interest include the high temperature cuprate superconductors, nonFermi liquid physics near quantum critical points, unconventional superconductivity in the ruthanates and heavy fermion behaviour in lithium vanadate. http://www.th.ph.bham.ac.uk/oxides/Welcome.html

Welcome to the home page of the Oxide Research programme in the School of physics and astronomy at Birmingham University, United Kingdom. This describes a collaboration of experimental and theoretical physicists and material scientists concerned with the physics of strongly correlated electrons in oxide materials. Materials of interest to us include the high temperature cuprate superconductors, non-Fermi liquid physics near quantum critical points, unconventional superconductivity in the ruthanates and heavy fermion behaviour in lithium vanadate. The work is coordinated by Dr Andy Mackenzie and Dr Andy Schofield. Javascript version of web pages Version of web pages without javascript Research programme Group members ... Contacting us

16. FUNDAMENTALS OF SUPERCONDUCTORS FUNDAMENTALS OF superconductors. It is far beyond the scope of this video bookletto attempt to discuss the quantum mechanics of superconductors. http://www.ornl.gov/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt3.html

FUNDAMENTALS OF SUPERCONDUCTORS The theoretical understanding of superconductivity is extremely complicated and involved. It is far beyond the scope of this video booklet to attempt to discuss the quantum mechanics of superconductors. However, in this section fundamental terms and phenomena of superconductors will be discussed. Superconductors have the ability to conduct electricity without the loss of energy. When current flows in an ordinary conductor, for example copper wire, some energy is lost. In a light bulb or electric heater, the electrical resistance creates light and heat. In metals such as copper and aluminum, electricity is conducted as outer energy level electrons migrate as individuals from one atom to another. These atoms form a vibrating lattice within the metal conductor; the warmer the metal the more it vibrates. As the electrons begin moving through the maze, they collide with tiny impurities or imperfections in the lattice. When the electrons bump into these obstacles they fly off in all directions and lose energy in the form of heat. Figure (3) is a drawing that shows atoms arranged in a crystalline lattice and moving electrons bouncing off the atoms that are in their way.

17. Subir Sachdev Theoretical research on quantum phase transitions and their application to correlated electron materials like the high temperature superconductors and other complex oxides. http://pantheon.yale.edu/~subir/

Subir Sachdev Professor of Physics Yale University. Book on Quantum Phase Transitions - for graduate students and researchers. Published by Cambridge University Press. Reviews in Physics Today Contemporary Physics Physikalische Blatter Journal of Statistical Physics Email: subir.sachdev@yale.edu Mail: Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O.Box 208120, New Haven CT 06520-8120. Phone: Fax: Location: 55A Sloane Physics Laboratory Research interests - for a general audience Research interests - for a technical audience discussion of my research on various topics, along with links to all my papers. A reverse chronological list of almost all papers since 1992 A chronological list of all other and earlier papers Current and former Ph. D. students and postdocs C.V. ... Order and quantum phase transitions in the cuprate superconductors - review article based on a number of recent colloquia, to appear in Reviews of Modern Physics PDF file cond-mat/0211005 Research on Tuning magnetic and bond order in the cuprate superconductors Quantum Phase Transitions - popular science article to appear in The New Physics

18. Superconductors Show Their Stripes Charge 'stripes' have been observed in the most widely studied hightemperature superconductor, bolstering a theory that says they're the key to carrying electricity without resistance. http://focus.aps.org/v9/st12.html

Previous Story Next Story January - June 2002 Archive Phys. Rev. Lett. (print issue of 4 March 2002) 27 February 2002 Title and Authors Superconductors Show Their Stripes K. Hermann/Fritz Haber Institute Supercrystal. One theory claims that "stripes" of electric charges allow the planes of copper (green) and oxygen (blue) in YBa Cu O to carry current without resistance at high temperatures. Now the stripes have been observed in this material. Like tigers and zebras, high-temperature superconductors appear to be curious beasts, distinguished by their stripes. Some physicists believe that electricity runs without resistance along lines, or "stripes," of electric charge in these materials. That controversial theory gets a big boost now that a team has finally observed these stripes in the most widely studied of the so-called cuprate superconductors, as reported in the 4 March print issue of PRL . The researchers' large crystal sample enabled them to detect new details in neutron scattering data that support the notion that you can't separate a cuprate superconductor from its stripes. The cuprate superconductors are something like multi-tiered dance halls for electric charges. They consist of parallel planes of copper and oxygen atoms. Within each plane the copper atoms arrange themselves in a square grid, with an oxygen atom sitting between each pair of neighboring coppers. Between the planes lie atoms of other elements, and some of these absorb electrons from the copper atoms, leaving positively charged "holes" behind. Researchers know that these holes pair up to waltz without resistance along the planes. However, they aren't sure how the like-charged holes manage to cling together.

19. Molecular Expressions: Images From The Microscope Hundreds of photomicrographs (photographs through the microscope) of everything from superconductors and hightech materials to ice cream and beer. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/index.html

Galleria License Info Image Use Custom Photos ... Home The Galleries: Photo Gallery Silicon Zoo Pharmaceuticals Chip Shots ... Movie Gallery Welcome to the Molecular Expressions website featuring our acclaimed photo galleries that explore the fascinating world of optical microscopy. We are going where no microscope has gone before by offering one of the Web's largest collections of color photographs taken through an optical microscope (commonly referred to as "photo-micro-graphs"). Visit our Photo Gallery for an introductory selection of images covering just about everything from beer and ice cream to integrated circuits and ceramic superconductors. These photographs are available for licensing to commercial, private, and non-profit institutions. Powers of Ten - Soar through space starting at 10 million light years away from the Milky Way down through to a single proton in Florida in decreasing powers of ten (orders of magnitude). Explore the use of exponential notation to understand and compare the size of things in our world and the universe. The Olympus MIC-D Digital Microscope - Olympus has thrown the doors open to a new era in optical microscopy education with the introduction of the MIC-D inverted digital microscope. Designed specifically for a wide spectrum of applications ranging from basic classroom instruction to more advanced laboratory analysis, this versatile microscope features a palette of contrast enhancing techniques that rival many research-level instruments.

20. Curriculum Vitae And Publications Ph.D. in Physics and Associate Professor (Universitat de Barcelona, Spain). Research areas Nanostructured Materials, Transmission Electron Microscopist and Microanalyst, Semiconductor Gas Sensor materials, Mesoporous materials, IIIV and II-IV semiconductor compounds, superconductors, Metals and Nanostructure. http://nun97.el.ub.es/~arbiol/cv_ang.html

Curriculum Vitae and Publications CONTACT INFORMATION: arbiol@el.ub.es Date and place of birth: 02-24-1975 Molins de Rei, Barcelona, Spain (EC). Catalan ID: 1. ACADEMIC DEGREES: 1993-1997 Degree in Physics, Universitat de Barcelona. Speciality: Applied Physics, Electronics and Optics. 2000 Certificate of Pedagogical Aptitude (CAP) by Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC) (Spain). 2001 Ph.D. in Physics with European Doctor mention (July 2001) (University of Barcelona, Spain) · Ph.D. Thesis title: " Metal Additive Distribution in TiO2 and SnO2 Semiconductor Gas Sensor Nanostructured Materials" Evaluated with the maximum qualification: Unanimous Excellent Cum Laude. 2. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Collaboration with the Dept. of Electronics of the University of Barcelona. Participation in the study of Photoluminiscence in Silicon Nanoparticles inside amorphous silicon, using UV and NIR ray sources. Ph.D. studies in University of Barcelona (Spain). Work during Ph.D. studies as researcher in the semiconductors field performing TEM, HRTEM, GIF, EELS, SAED, EDX, SEM, AFM, STM, etc. Work as Researcher (TEM microscopist) and Assistant Professor in University of Barcelona in the semiconductors field.

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