1. Lonely Planet World Guide | Destination Switzerland | History switzerland history. The first inhabitants of the region were a Celtictribe, the Helvetia. The Romans appeared on the scene in 107 http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/europe/switzerland/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Switzerland History The first inhabitants of the region were a Celtic tribe, the Helvetia. The Romans appeared on the scene in 107 BC by way of the St Bernard Pass, but owing to the difficulty of the terrain their conquest of the area was never decisive. They were gradually driven back by the Germanic Altemanni tribe which settled in the 5th century. The territory was united under the Holy Roman Empire in 1032 but central control was never very tight. That was all changed by the Germanic Habsburg family, which became the most powerful dynasty in Central Europe. Habsburg expansion was spearheaded by Rudolph I, who gradually brought the squabbling nobles to heel. Upon Rudolph's death in 1291, local leaders saw a chance to gain independence. Their pact of mutual assistance is seen as the origin of the Swiss Confederation, and their struggles against the Habsburgs is idealised in the familiar legend of William Tell. Encouraged by early successes, the Swiss gradually acquired a taste for territorial expansion themselves and gained independence from the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I in 1499. After a number of military victories, the Swiss finally over-reached themselves when they took on a combined force of French and Venetians in 1515. Realising they could no longer compete against larger powers with better equipment, they renounced expansionist policies and declared their neutrality. The Reformation in the 16th century caused upheaval throughout Europe. The Protestant teachings of Luther, Zwingli and Calvin spread quickly, although central Switzerland remained Catholic. While the rest of Europe was fighting it out in the Thirty Years' War, the Swiss closed ranks and kept out of trouble. At the end of the war in 1648 they were recognised in the Treaty of Westphalia as a neutral state. Nevertheless, the French Republic invaded Switzerland in 1798 and established the Helvetic Republic. The Swiss, however, did not take too kindly to such centralised control. Napoleon was finally sent packing following his defeat by the British and Prussians at Waterloo. The ensuing Congress of Vienna guaranteed Switzerland's independence and permanent neutrality in 1815.

2. Switzerland History SWITZERLAND. Switzerland was the Roman province of Helvetica. Switzerland hasguarded its neutrality in the many wars the racked Europe ever since 1648. http://www.nationbynation.com/Switzerland/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT ... SWITZERLAND Switzerland was the Roman province of Helvetica. In 1291 three independent cantons came together to form an alliance against the expansion of the Hapsburg power. The league slowly grew to 22 states in 1815. In 1648 The Treaty of Westphalia which ended the Thirty Years war officially recognized the independence of Switzerland. Switzerland has guarded its neutrality in the many wars the racked Europe ever since 1648.

3. Switzerland: History encyclopediaEncyclopedia—switzerland history. Emergence of the SwissNation. In 58 BC the Helvetii who inhabited the country (see http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0861401.html

Celebs, Models ,Movie Stars... Magazines From Around the World! Ladies..Never pay retail again! Facial care packs and Cosmetics at lowest prices ! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Switzerland History Emergence of the Swiss Nation In 58 B.C. the Helvetii who inhabited the country (see Helvetia ) were conquered by the Romans. Invaded (5th cent. A.D. ) by the Alemanni and by the Burgundii, the area passed to the Franks in the 6th cent. Divided (9th cent.) between Swabia and Transjurane Burgundy , it was united (1033) under the Holy Roman Empire. The expanding feudal houses, notably and Kyburg, were supplanted (13th cent.) by the houses of Hapsburg and of Savoy . Hapsburg encroachments on the privileges of the three mountainous localities of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden resulted in the conclusion (1291) of a defensive league among them. The legendary hero of this event is William Tell Sempach In the 15th cent. the Swiss league rose to the first rank as a military power. The conquest of Aargau, Thurgau, and the valleys of Ticino, which were ruled as subject territories until 1798, was followed by Swiss victories over

4. Geneva, Canton And City, Switzerland: History level international meetings. Sections in this article Introduction;History. Top of section Geneva, canton and city, Switzerland, http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0858353.html

Celebs, Models ,Movie Stars... Magazines From Around the World! Ladies..Never pay retail again! Facial care packs and Cosmetics at lowest prices ! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Geneva, canton and city, Switzerland History In 1285, the citizens of Geneva placed themselves under the protection of the counts (later dukes) of Savoy The arrival (1536) of John Calvin thrust upon Geneva a role of European importance as the focal point of the Reformation . With its population swelled by Protestant refugees, notably Huguenots , Geneva became a cosmopolitan intellectual center. During the 18th cent., when the stern theocracy of Calvin had mellowed into patrician rule, the city's intellectual life reached its zenith. Voltaire settled there; J. J. Rousseau, H. B. de Saussure, Jacques Necker, Albert Gallatin, and P. E. Dumont were among the famous sons of Geneva in the 18th cent. Geneva Conferences and other high-level international meetings.

5. Rail-Info Switzerland - History RAILINFO switzerland history of changes 2002-03-07 News 4/01 2002-01-19 Technicaldescription of RhB Ge 6/6 II. 2001-11-25 Update of locomotive descriptions. http://www.rail-info.ch/history.en.html

Changes RAIL-INFO SWITZERLAND History of changes News 4/01 Technical description of RhB Ge 6/6 II Update of locomotive descriptions News 3/01 ... News 1/01 History of changes Broken links on RhB pages repaired Translation of News 3/00 After years of "coming soon" the pages for FART FLP and MIB have been completed Information about Rhaetian Railway - Vereina line Information about Brienz-Rothorn-Bahn (BRB) Translation of News 2/00 Author: Stefan Dringenberg

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7. Switzerland: History com/ce6/world/A0861401.html. encyclopediaEncyclopedia—SwitzerlandHistory. Emergence of the Swiss Nation. In 58 BC the Helvetii who http://print.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0861401.html

document.write('Print Now!'); this page was printed from Factmonster.com www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0861401.html Encyclopedia Switzerland History Emergence of the Swiss Nation In 58 B.C. the Helvetii who inhabited the country (see Helvetia ) were conquered by the Romans. Invaded (5th cent. A.D. ) by the Alemanni and by the Burgundii, the area passed to the Franks in the 6th cent. Divided (9th cent.) between Swabia and Transjurane Burgundy , it was united (1033) under the Holy Roman Empire. The expanding feudal houses, notably and Kyburg, were supplanted (13th cent.) by the houses of Hapsburg and of Savoy . Hapsburg encroachments on the privileges of the three mountainous localities of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden resulted in the conclusion (1291) of a defensive league among them. The legendary hero of this event is William Tell Sempach In the 15th cent. the Swiss league rose to the first rank as a military power. The conquest of Aargau, Thurgau, and the valleys of Ticino, which were ruled as subject territories until 1798, was followed by Swiss victories over Charles the Bold Marignano (see also Italian Wars Swiss Guards ). The cantons, loosely bound by a federal diet and by individual treaties and often torn by internal feuds, were seriously split by the

8. Switzerland History Geography Culture Switzerland Swiss culture, history, and geography links, including linksto About.com articles on the Swiss Army and the Swiss Guards. http://europeforvisitors.com/switzaustria/planner/blp_history_geography_ch.htm

Cheryl Imboden's switzerlandforvisitors.com austriaforvisitors.com 500+ pages of illustrated travel articles and links for Switzerland and Austria. Switzerland and Austria Europe Venice Travel Articles Hotels, Lodging Cities, Towns, Villages, Resorts Transportation General Travel Advice Travel Links Switzerland -Austria Travel Planner Other Resources Tourist Offices Currency Converter Search About Us Ads, Media, PR, Contact Info History, Geography, Culture: Switzerland ABOVE: The Vatican's Swiss Guards are recruited from the Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland. Background The Swiss Army switzerlandforvisitors.com Switzerland hasn't been to war in 500 years, but its citizens aren't taking any chances. An American in Switzerland Hyde Flippo of The German Way and more interviews a professional couple who spent three years living and working in Canton Aargau. The History of the St. Bernard Dog This page from the Natural History Museum Bern includes a biography of the legendary Barry How to Survive in Switzerland If you're planning to live in Switzerland, read these tips from

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11. Switzerland: History switzerland history. Emergence of the Swiss Nation. In 58 bc the Helvetiiwho inhabited the country (see Helvetia) were conquered by the Romans. http://www.slider.com/enc/51000/Switzerland_History.htm

trellian ftp Home Encyclopeadia S Sup - Swe ... Rope Ladders Trellian WebPage Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia Switzerland: History Emergence of the Swiss Nation In 58 b.c. the Helvetii who inhabited the country (see Helvetia ) were conquered by the Romans. Invaded (5th century a.d. ) by the Alemanni and by the Burgundii, the area passed to the Franks in the 6th century. Divided (9th century) between Swabia and Transjurane Burgundy , it was united (1033) under the Holy Roman Empire. The expanding feudal houses, notably and Kyburg, were supplanted (13th century) by the houses of Hapsburg and of Savoy . Hapsburg encroachments on the privileges of the three mountainous localities of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden resulted in the conclusion (1291) of a defensive league among them. The legendary hero of this event is William Tell Sempach In the 15th century the Swiss league rose to the first rank as a military power. The conquest of Aargau, Thurgau, and the valleys of Ticino, which were ruled as subject territories until 1798, was followed by Swiss victories over Charles the Bold of Burgundy (1476-77) and over Emperor Maximilian I, who in 1499 granted Switzerland virtual independence. By 1513, the admission to the confederation of Fribourg, Solothurn, Basel, Schaffhausen, and Appenzell had raised the number of cantons to 13, and this number was maintained until 1798. The conquest by Bern of Vaud from Savoy (1536), and close alliances with the Grisons, Geneva, St. Gall, and other towns and regions, further increased the Swiss orbit, but Switzerland's importance as a European power was broken in 1515 when the French defeated the Swiss at

12. Claims Conference Payments from switzerland history In late 1996 and early 1997, a series of classaction lawsuits were filed in United States District Court against three Swiss http://www.claimscon.org/switzerland/history.asp

13. Switzerland: History Click to go to text menu. You are here History, Switzerland. Some Celtictribes occupied the territory of Switzerland before Roman colonization. http://gbgm-umc.org/country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=158

14. Switzerland: History encyclopediaEncyclopedia—switzerland history. Emergence of the SwissNation. In 58 BC the Helvetii who inhabited the country (see http://infoplease.kids.lycos.com/ce6/world/A0861401.html

Search For: Lycos Zone Home Family Zone Teachers Zone Encyclopedia ... Switzerland History Emergence of the Swiss Nation In 58 B.C. the Helvetii who inhabited the country (see Helvetia ) were conquered by the Romans. Invaded (5th cent. A.D. ) by the Alemanni and by the Burgundii, the area passed to the Franks in the 6th cent. Divided (9th cent.) between Swabia and Transjurane Burgundy , it was united (1033) under the Holy Roman Empire. The expanding feudal houses, notably and Kyburg, were supplanted (13th cent.) by the houses of Hapsburg and of Savoy . Hapsburg encroachments on the privileges of the three mountainous localities of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden resulted in the conclusion (1291) of a defensive league among them. The legendary hero of this event is William Tell Sempach In the 15th cent. the Swiss league rose to the first rank as a military power. The conquest of Aargau, Thurgau, and the valleys of Ticino, which were ruled as subject territories until 1798, was followed by Swiss victories over Charles the Bold Marignano (see also Italian Wars Swiss Guards ). The cantons, loosely bound by a federal diet and by individual treaties and often torn by internal feuds, were seriously split by the

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16. World History Archives: Low Countries And Switzerland History of the Low Countries and Switzerland. Hartford Web Publishing(Haines Brown) is not the author of the documents in World http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/61a/index-b.html

History of the Low Countries and Switzerland Hartford Web Publishing (Haines Brown) is not the author of the documents in World History Archives and does not presume to validate their accuracy or authenticity. History of Western Europe in general Belgium Labor moves, planes and train don't From Workers World, 21 December 1995. Brief report on the labor actions sweeping Belgium in response to wage freeze proposal from management. Railway workers walk out By Deirdre Griswold, in Workers World, 28 December 1995. Brief report of labor's reaction to structural adjustment. Renault workers: 'We are all Belgian workers' Special to the People's Weekly World, 15 March 1997. Renault's response to opportunities in global market at the expense of workers in Belgium promotes solidarity in the European labor movement. Auto workers in Belgium, France protest closing of Renault plant From the Militant, 24 March 1997. Frano-Belgian labor solidarity in fight against job cuts. Renault, Clabecq struggles

17. Information About The History Of Switzerland Information about the history of switzerland. To table of contents.The more recent history of switzerland (1815 today) Year, Fact. http://www.about.ch/history/

Home Administration Cantons Culture ... Geography History Statistics Various FAQ Index Information about the history of Switzerland TRAMsoft GmbH - The Swiss Experts for Outdoor Wristop Computers and GPS Receivers Table of contents: The growing phase of Switzerland The more recent history of Switzerland (1815 - today) Link collection related to the history of Switzerland 1. The growing phase of Switzerland (1291 - 1815): Year Fact "we will be a one and only nation of brothers ..." This leads to the term confederation ("Eidgenossenschaft") Luzern joins the Swiss Federation Glarus and Zug join the Swiss Federation Bern joins the Swiss Federation - 8 states form the acht alten Orte ("eight old states") Foundation of the first university of Switzerland at Basel Fribourg and Solothurn join the Swiss Federation Beginning of a new area called "Renaissance", people become interested in science Basel and Schaffhausen join the Swiss Federation Appenzell joins the Swiss Federation Beginning of the "Reformation" Declaration of Independence - Switzerland becomes an independant Nation The Swiss Federation declares its neutrality Switzerland gets its final boundaries To table of contents The more recent history of Switzerland (1815 - today): Year Fact The Swiss Federation changes from a Union of States to a Confederation. Its first Federal Constitution ("Bundesverfassung") is set up.

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Graureiher (Mu-Päd.) Mäusebussard (Mu-Päd.) Rabenkrähe (6) Schleiereule Schnatterente Sperber Elster Gimpel (2) (1 Mu-Päd.) Graureiher (Mu-Päd.) Höckerschwan Humboldtpinguin Kernbeisser Mäusebussard (3) (1 Mu-Päd.) plus Flügelskelett Schleiereule (Mu-Päd.) Sperber Steinkauz (Zerfallskelett) Stockente Waldkauz (2) Baummarder (2) Bisamratte Brüllaffe Dachs (3, 1 Kopfpräparat) Dreizehenfaultier Eichhörnchen (7) Erdhörnchen Esel juvenil Feldhase (2 ad, 2 juv., 2 Kopfpräparate) Fischotter Fuchs (4 ad, 1 juv.) Gartenschläfer Gämse (3, + 1 Kopfpräparat) Hamster Hausratte Hermelin (5, 1 mit Fasanhenne) Igel (4) Iltis Kapuzineraffe (juv.) Karettschildkröte (grösser, schindelart.) Krallenäffchen (Callithrix jacchus) Langschwanzmakak Maulwurf (2) Meerkatze (2) Mungo Murmeltier (1 ad, 1 juv.) Plumplori (2 auf gleichem Ast) Reh (2, 1 Kopfpräparat) Rehkitz (3) Schermaus Siebenschläfer Steinbock ? 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19. SwitzerlandGenWeb German Studies Web history Documents, Data Files, Primary Literature Historiography, Commentary, Secondary Literature WWW page of German historians book reviews, documents, and subjectoriented discussions. This page provides history resources for Germany. Austria. switzerland. Germany. Documents, Data Files, Primary http://www.rootsweb.com/~chewgw

Enjoy the Music of Switzerland Be sure to press "RELOAD" to view the latest changes! "Willkommen" Switzerland Family History Confoederatio Helvetica - - - Swiss Confederation Switzerland, the Roman province of Helvetia The Helvetia becomes part of the Holy Roman Empire. Holy Roman Empire, the designation for the political entity that originated at the coronation as emperor (962) of the German king Otto I and endured until the renunciation (1806) of the imperial title by Francis II. The term itself did not come into usage until several centuries after Otto's accession. Formation of a defense league, The League of the Three Forest Cantons, the basis of the Swiss Confederation, by cantons (states) of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden. Henry VII recognizes Swiss League. Swiss defeat Leopold of Austria at Morgarten. The Swiss League renewed. Truce between Swiss League and Hapsburgs. Lucerne joins Swiss League. Zurich joins Swiss League. Glarus and Zug join Swiss League. Austria wars against Zurich. Bern joins the Swiss Confederation, which now consists of the 8 old cantons.

20. Geneva, Switzerland - History Of Geneva Official Information and Useful Links. history of Geneva. The firsttraces of human civilization in Geneva, discovered on the shores http://www.geneva.ch/GenevaHistory.htm

Search : History of Geneva State and City of Geneva Health and Medical Contact Information Radio and Television Spotlight on Sports ... Official Information and Useful Links History of Geneva The first traces of human civilization in Geneva, discovered on the shores of Lake Léman, date from around 3000 BC. The hill of the Old City, however, was not inhabited until 1000 BC. Later, when Rome conquered Geneva, it was defended by a small Celtic tribe. In 58 BC, Julius Caesar drove off an attack by the Helvetii. At the height of the Roman Empire, around 400 AD, it became a bishopric. The region was settled in 443 by a Germanic tribe, the Burgundians, but they were defeated later by the Francs, who occupied it in 534. Geneva was incorporated into the Merovingian dynasty, then into the Carlovingian Empire. The latter's disintegration in the 11th century led to the rise of the Second Burgundian Kingdom, to which Geneva belonged. In 1032, the kingdom passed into the hands of the Germanic emperors so Geneva legally became subject to the Empire. In practice, though, from the 11th century to the Reformation, it was ruled by its bishops, who had become the de facto lords of the city. Geneva did not develop into an important centre until the end of the Middle Ages when its fairs, reaching their peak in the 15th century, first gave it an international reputation. Its independence, however, was threatened by Savoy, whose princes strove unsuccessfully from the 13th to the 17th century to force the town into submission. At its time of gravest danger, during the first third of the 16th century, the city' autonomy was saved by the intervention or the Swiss cantons of Fribourg and Bern. When the Reformation triumphed in 1535, the city became a republic. Calvin made Geneva his home the following year, and it was through his genius that the city earned the name "Protestant Rome". From 1550 onwards, persecuted Protestants, mainly French and Italians, streamed into Geneva in search of sanctuary. Under the guidance of Calvin and Théodore de Bèze, they gave their new home a greater religious and intellectual influence.

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