21. U Of A CMES -- Resources: Language Lab syria history and Culture (1995) An interactive encyclopedia about Syria. SyriaHistory and Culture (1995) An interactive encyclopedia about Syria. http://www.cmes.arizona.edu/lab.htm

Center Hours: The Center maintains a multi-station computer laboratory (PC's and MAC's) to support language instruction. Software includes interactive language learning and word processing programs in Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, and Turkish; CD ROM's of regional and cultural interest; multi-language encyclopedias; and language games. All computers are connected to the Internet. A flatbed scanner is also available. Access to Adobe Photoshop and other visual programs may also be arranged. Download the list of software . If you don't already have Adobe Acrobat Reader, you must first download the free viewing program by clicking the icon below in order to view the lists: A more completed and updated list of software will be available soon, as we are updating the computers and software collection. For current information or questions, please contact Dr. Anne Bennett

22. Occupied Golan - Syria History of the Golan Heights. http://www.golan-syria.org/

This web site is designed to explain how the occupied Golan is a part of the Syrian Homeland, seized by Israel. Please click here or on an image to enter the Golan web site. The National Information Center

23. History Of Syria - Wikipedia History of Syria. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Archaeologistshave demonstrated that Syria was the center of one of the http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Syria

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help History of Syria From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Archaeologists have demonstrated that Syria was the center of one of the most ancient civilizations on earth. Around the excavated city of Ebla in northern Syria, discovered in , a great Semitic empire spread from the Red Sea north to Turkey and east to Mesopotamia from 2500 to 2400 B.C. The city of Ebla alone during that time had a population estimated at 260,000. Scholars believe the language of Ebla to be the oldest Semitic language Syria was occupied successively by Canaanites Phoenicians Hebrews Arameans ... Byzantines , and, in part, Crusaders before finally coming under the control of the Ottoman Turks . Syria is significant in the history of Christianity Paul was converted on the road to Damascus and established the first organized Christian Church at Antioch in ancient Syria, from which he left on many of his missionary journeys.

24. History Of The Occupied Golan - Syria History of The Occupied Golan. To what period do the antiquities found in theOccupied Golan go back to? Selected Bibliographies on the area's history. http://www.golan-syria.org/history.htm

History of The Occupied Golan To what period do the antiquities found in the Occupied Golan go back to? Selected Bibliographies on the area's history The aim behind Israel's attempt to deform the history of Golan Does Israel have the right to "mess around" with the historical sites of Golan? ... Main Page

25. World History Archives: History Of Syria History of Syria. Hartford Web Publishing (Haines Brown) is not theauthor of the documents in World History Archives and does not http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/51/index-f.html

History of Syria Hartford Web Publishing (Haines Brown) is not the author of the documents in World History Archives and does not presume to validate their accuracy or authenticity. History of West Asia in general No documents for Syria

26. Syria's History MADE IN syria.COM. Advertise for your business.. Placea banner with Made in syria. 52weeks, syria's history. http://www.made-in-syria.com/syriahistory.htm

MADE IN SYRIA.COM Advertise for your business.. Place a banner with Made in Syria Syria's History Syria Guide: General Information [ Syria's History ] Syria's Information More about Syria Festivals Embassies ... Chat Room Turkish Rule The French Mandate The Arabs, in alliance with the British and French, fought the Turks for the rest of the war and participated in the capture of Damascus in 1918. In 1919 British forces withdrew from the area assigned to France, leaving French troops in control. The following year France, with the understanding that Syria and Lebanon were to become independent within a reasonably short time, was granted a mandate over them by the League of Nations. Anti-Turkish sentiment in Syria soon developed into anti-French sentiment and more determined nationalism. The French quelled one armed rebellion in 1920 and a second and better organized uprising from 1925 to 1927. In 1938, soon after French and Syrian leaders had reached agreement on a treaty providing for substantial Syrian independence, the French government refused to ratify the treaty, partly because France regarded control of the area as vital to its military position. The following year France ceded to Turkey the former Turkish administrative district (sanjak) of Alexandretta, in which the ancient Syrian capital of Antioch is located. The Republic Syrian and Israeli frontier forces clashed on numerous occasions in the spring of 1951. The hostilities, which stemmed from Syrian opposition to an Israeli drainage project in the demilitarized zone between the two countries, ceased on May 15, after intercession by the United Nations Security Council. Successive governmental crises during 1951 culminated, on November 29, in another coup d'état engineered by Shishakli. President Atasi resigned shortly thereafter; and Shishakli and his associates formed a government. Shishakli promulgated a new constitution in 1953. He severely restricted civil liberties and ruled the country as a military dictator until March 1954, when he was ousted by another military group. Shishakli's successors reinstated Atasi as president, reconvened the 1949 chamber of deputies, and restored the constitution of 1950.

27. World History Compass, Middle East History Links to Middle and Near East history sites. Division of the Library of Congress under the Country Studies/Area Handbook Program. syria. ArabNet syria, history http://www.worldhistorycompass.com/meast.htm

World History Compass Home Page New Links About WHC Support WHC Main Index General and International History Ancient Egypt Ancient, General ... Museums Search WHC Middle East Afghanistan Afghanistan - Soviet Occupation (1979-1989) Information Resource Centre, Canadian Forces College. CIA World Factbook - Afghanistan Bahrain ArabNet Bahrain, History General Archaeology in Levant University of California, San Diego. Harvard University Center for Middle Eastern Studies Middle East Network Information Center (UT-MENIC) From the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, The University of Texas at Austin. Virtual Library for Middle East Studies. Also includes a K-12 Educational Resource Page. Iraq ArabNet Iraq, History Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) Information Resource Centre, Canadian Forces College. Iraq - A Country Study The Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under the Country Studies/Area Handbook Program. Israel The Hebrew Collections at the Library of Congress The Hebraic Section of the African and Middle Eastern Division houses comprehensive collections of European Yiddica, Hebraica, and Ladino. Israel Institute of the History of Medicine The Institute houses medical equipment, documents and books of historic value, for both display and scholarly purposes.

28. WWW-VL History Index WWWVL history syria PLEASE NOTE that this site is currently without a maintainer, and needs one if it is to be maintained and developed properly. http://www.ukans.edu/history/VL/near_east/syria.html

WWW-VL HISTORY: SYRIA ABOUT THIS NETWORK . If you are still interested or have any questions, please e-mail Lynn Harry Nelson [lhnelson@raven.cc.ku.edu]. Click here for The World-Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW-VL) central catalogue The WWW-VL search facility. Click Here to access the Mirror at Florence, Italy Click Here to access the Mirror at Lawrence, Kansas, USA Also see our sister site, WWW-VL Asian Studies. Syria Maps Map page Relief [339 Kb] Political 1990 [240 Kb] Central Damascus 1912 Gazetteers Cities, Towns and Villages Language Arabic Arabic Dictionaries Language, Culture and Grammar Notes On-Line Tutorials [scroll down to the section] Download Arabic Fonts French Dictionaries French Grammar On-Line French Course On-Line French Course 2 ... On-Line Resources Page Reference Britannica - Syria Countries of the World - Syria A Country Study - Syria World Factbook 2000 - Syria ... Encylopedia of the Orient - Syria SyriaGate SyriaGate Home Page Cities Index Map Damascus Aleppo Homs ... The Golan Heights Bibliography Library of Congress Subject Search Journals Guide to Historical Journals Organizations Research Centers The Center For Middle eastern Studies, University of Texas at Austin

29. Syria: The Cradle Of Civilizations modern times only since the end of World War II. But syria's history is as long as that of any country in the world, http://www.syria.arabicnet.com/

Syria.ArabicNet.com Syria in a nutshell Syria in the Encyclopedia Americana Damascus in a nutshell History of Damascus ... Feedback SYRIA, an Arab republic of southwest Asia. Its population is primarily Muslim. Syria (Arabic, Suriya) has been an independent nation in modern times only since the end of World War II. But Syria's history is as long as that of any country in the world, and in the past the nation embraced an area significantly larger than it covers today. Syria Damascus Sham cradle of civilizations Syrian Arab Republic Islam Muslim Arab Arabic oldest city Middle East Mediterranean Syriac Assyrian Phoenician Alexander Roman Palmyra ruins sword Christianity Umayyad Muawiya Abbasids Baghdad Omayad Ottoman mosque Aramaean Crusade Alphabet Arabic numbers mosaic Caliph Empire Fatamids Turkish Tartar Syria.ArabicNet.Com

30. Syria Gate - About Syria - History Of Tartous history of Tartous Tartous was the last stand the Templars had on the mainlandof syria departing to Arwad, which they kept for another decade. http://www.syriagate.com/Syria/about/cities/Tartous/history.htm

Home Clients Syrian Companies Services ... Search Tartous Tartous History of Tartous Not much remains of the Phoenician Antaradus (Anti-Aradus - the town facing Arwad ), the mainland settlement that was linked to the more important and larger settlement in Arwad This town was favored by Constantine for its devotion to the cult of the Virgin. The first chapel to be dedicated to the Virgin Mary is said to have been built here in the 3rd century. Two centuries later an earthquake hit the chapel and the altar was miraculously saved. This miracle was further enhanced by an icon of the Virgin believed to be painted by St. Luke resembling the one in Seidnaya. The church 'Our Lady of Tortosa' was built upon this miracle by the Crusaders in 1123. It now houses this altar and has received many pilgrims. Nur Al Din occupied for a brief time and then it was recaptured by the Crusaders. Tartous was placed under the control of the Templars who rebuilt and redeveloped its defenses. It was then recaptured by Saladin in 1188, whence the Templars locked themselves into the keep. However it was rebuilt and remained under Templar control until 1291. Tartous was the last stand the Templars had on the mainland of Syria departing to Arwad , which they kept for another decade.

31. Syria --- History And Government Turkey, has been a determining factor in syria's political and cultural history. At the crossroads of historic military http://www.websolution.net/damascus/4.htm

32. Syria --- History And Government But syria's history is as long as that of any country in the world, and in thepast the nation embraced an area significantly larger than it covers today. http://syria.arabicnet.com/4.asp

History and Government T he geography of Syria, which in the ancient world comprised roughly the territories of present-day Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, and part of Turkey, has been a determining factor in Syria's political and cultural history. At the crossroads of historic military and trade routes between the Mediterranean and Mesopotamia, Syria was the object of invasion and occupation by powerful neighbors from earliest times. Archaeological finds from the Stone Age confirm that Syria was one of the areas in which early man lived and developed. Later, but still in prehistoric times, Semitic-speaking peoples moved into the territories of the original inhabitants. One such invasion was that of the Amorites in the 3d millenium B.C. Later there were those of the Canaanites (Phoenicians), Aramaeans, Hebrews, and similar tribes of the same Arabian origin. The earliest Syrian historical period was in the 2d millenium B.C., during the incursions of the Hittites from Asia Minor, who achieved dominance in northern Syria. Egyptians conducted similar raids and temporary occupations. Although it was the prey of both these neighbors for centuries in the 2d millenium, Syria retained its identity, Semitic dialects, and local autonomy in sizable areas. As Hittite power declined, its place was assumed by the Assyrians of northern Iraq. Assyrian monarchs, from the mid-8th century B.C., repeatedly occupied the more attractive Syrian areas, levied tribute, and seized hostages. In the face of these and Egyptian invasions the population centers of Syria could not maintain their independence as city-states. Then, in the 6th century, the Persian empire intervened and held hegemony over Syria for two centuries.

33. Cafe-Syria «» Syria Museums «» Www.cafe-syria.com The National Museum houses an excellent collection of syria's history PreClassicalGallery; Arab-Islamic Gallery; Classical and Early Byzantine Gallery; http://www.cafe-syria.com/Museums.htm

Cafe-Syria Introduction Introduction The Country The President Overview ... Geography Economy Economy Finance Industry Petroleum ... Tourism Travel Getting There Getting Around Maps The Land ... The Food About Us About This Site WebMaster Al-Shaam 1999 FeedBack ... Links Syria Museums Although Syria is a country that is rich in history and archaeology, museums in Syria also cover a variety of themes which include: children's heritage and science, folklore, jewelry, fine arts, military memorabilia, popular traditions, post and communications, coins, marine science, school books, and religious cultures. Damascus has the greatest number of museums, but there are several other museums, in other tourist attractive centers, such as Aleppo, Hama, Homs, Latakia, Palmyra, Idleb, Bosra, Apamea, Ras Shamra, Tell Harir and Tell Mardikh, only to name a few. Damascus Museums The National Museum The National Museum of the Arts and Popular Traditions The Museum of Traditional Handicrafts The Museum of Arab Medicine and Sciences The Historical Museum of Epigraphy The Army Museum Damascus Museum of Agriculture The National Museum houses an excellent collection of Syria's history:

34. The History Of The Ancient Near East Brief historical overviews and photographs of Israel, Iraq, Egypt, Turkey, syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Cyprus, Bahrain and Iran (Persia). http://www.geocities.com/ancientneareast/

Website has Moved ..... The History of the Ancient Near East Electronic Compendium has moved ..... If you are not instantly transported to the appropriate page click on the address below http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/index.html

35. Syria (History) Was Occupied In 1920 By France, In Accordance With A League Of N syria history - In February 1958 syria merged with Egypt to form theUnited Arab Republic (UAR). arab search engines. syria - history. http://www.arab.de/arabinfo/syriahis.htm

Home page Arab Info Syria Info Syria Government ... Links to Syria Syria - History Syrian nationalists proclaimed an independent republic in September 1941. French powers were transferred in January 1944, and full independence was achieved on 17 April 1946. In December 1949 Syria came under an army dictatorship, led by Brig. Adib Shishekly.He was elected President in July 1953 but was overthrown by another army coup in February 1954. In February 1958 Syria merged with Egypt to form the United Arab Republic (UAR). In September 1961, following an army coup in Damascus, Syria seceded and formed the independent Syrian Arab Republic. In 1963 Maj.-Gen. Amin al-Hafiz formed a Government in which members of the Arab Socialist Renaissance (Baath) Party were predominant. In February 1966 the army deposed the Government of President al-Hafiz, replacing him with Dr Nur ed-Din al-Atasi. However, in November 1970, after a bloodless coup, the military (moderate) wing of the Baath Party seized power, led by Lt-Gen. Hafiz al-Assad, who was elected President in March 1971. In March 1972 the National Progressive Front (NPF), a grouping of the five main political parties (including the Baath Party), was formed under the leadership of President Assad. Syria, alone of all the Arab states, refused to recognize the independent Palestinian state (proclaimed at the 19th session of the Palestine National Council (PNC) in Algiers in November 1988), in accordance with its long-standing policy of preventing any other force in Lebanon from acquiring sufficient power to challenge Syrian interests.

36. Links To Syria - Politics Government Economy History Culture Suggest a web site related to syria Syrien Syrie Siria Recommend it! More Sitesrelated to syria? Links to syria related web sites - Syrien Syrie Siria. http://www.arab.de/syria.htm

Syria Country Profile Syria History Suggest a web site related to Syria - Syrien Syrie Siria Recommend it! More Sites related to Syria? Search on ARAB! Links to Syria related web sites - Syrien Syrie Siria General - Tourism, Studies, Science, Business Syria-Net Complete Information on Syria Syria on line The Islamic and Ottoman Empire ArabNet, Syria Informative Pages on Syria Official Home Page, Syria Syrian Online Ressource Yvan Terra d'Ys Syria Interactive Factbook ABC Country Book of Syria Destination Information TravelFile, Syria Syria - General information Access to Arabia Links to Syria sites University of Texas at Austin Syria - Economy Travel Document Systems Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de

37. Mohammed Ali Pasha Of Egypt, Syria & Arabia Biographical sketch by William Brown Hodgson, written on March 10, 1835. http://www.sunnah.org/history/mhdalip.htm

An Edited Biographical Sketch of Mohammed Ali, Pasha of Egypt, Syria, and Arabia Written at the City of Washington, March 1835. Author: William Brown Hodgson, Esq. of Savannah, Georgia Mohammed Ali Pasha, was born in the year of the Hijrah, 1182, corresponding in the Christian era, to the year, 1769. It is not unworthy of remark, that this year also, gave birth to Napoleon Bonaparte. Alike distinguished for military genius, the characters of these chieftains, are equally marked by insatiable ambition, and unreposing activity. Early education, the advantage of science, and a more prominent field of enterprise, have given to the history of one, an eclat and brilliancy of success which are denied to the other. Yet, he who would learn to read and write, at the age of forty-five, as did Mohammed Ali, and from the humble calling of Tobacco vender, rise to the throne of an extensive empire, can be no ordinary man, and may bear some comparison with the hero of France. With a disciplined army of 50,000 men, a navy of nine line-of-battle ships, and a revenue of twenty millions of dollars, he may be supposed to have the means of consolidating his power, of establishing his dynasty, and of maintaining his de facto independence. He desires to raise Egypt to the level of European civilization surpassing that of the augustan age of El-Mamoun and Haroun el-Rashid. The patronage which he gives to the arts and sciences; his encouragement of Europeans of talent; his printing-presses; poly-technic, elementary, and medical schools; his factories and infernal improvements, are evidence of enlightened views in civil administration.

38. MapZones.com History syria, history, Back to Top. King ShamshiAdad I of Assyria is thoughtto have established his capital, Shubat Enlil, at present-day http://www.mapzones.com/world/middle_east/syria/historyindex.php

Country Info Syria Introduction Syria General Data Syria Maps Syria Culture ... Syria Time and Date Syria History Back to Top King Shamshi-Adad I of Assyria is thought to have established his capital, Shubat Enlil, at present-day Tell Leilan in the extreme northeast of Syria. The kingdom was later conquered by Hammurabi of Babylonia, and the region was long afterward influenced principally by Egypt and Babylon. Parts of the region were conquered successively by the Egyptians and the Hittites, and, in the 8th century bc, by Assyria. In the 6th century bc the region passed first to the Chaldeans and then to the Persians (538 bc). Alexander the Great made it a part of his empire in 333 and 332 bc, and at the close of the 4th century bc it was appropriated by Seleucus I, one of Alexander’s generals, who founded Antioch as the capital. During the 3rd century bc the Ptolemies of Egypt and the Seleucids contended for the possession of lower Syria and Palestine. History begins with the invention of writing, which took place in southern Babylonia perhaps c. 3000 BC, the script being an original picture character that developed later into cuneiform. Modern research, however, suggests that clay tokens found at numerous ancient Middle Eastern sites from as early as 8000 BC may have been used as an archaic recording system and ultimately led to the invention of writing. By the mid-3rd millennium BC, various Semitic peoples had migrated into Syria-Palestine and Babylonia. Knowledge of this period has been enormously enhanced by the excavations at Tall Mardikh, ancient Ebla, south of Aleppo. The palace has yielded more than 17,000 inscribed clay tablets, dated to about 2600–2500 BC, which detail the social, religious, economic, and political life of this thriving and powerful Syrian kingdom. The language of Ebla has been identified as Northwest Semitic.

39. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: Syria (History By Nation) HIGH SCHOOL BEYOND World history history by Nation syria. TIMELINES OVERVIEWS Detailed history of syria ANCIENT history; Mesopotamia; Assyria; http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/High_School/His

Home About Us Newsletters My Products ... Product Info Center Email this page to a friend! K-5 Syria document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); Detailed History of Syria ANCIENT HISTORY Mesopotamia Assyria ... Contact Us

40. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: History (Syria) ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Regional Studies Countries of the World MiddleEast syria history. TIMELINES OVERVIEWS ANCIENT history http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/Elementary/Regi

Home About Us Newsletters My Products ... Product Info Center Email this page to a friend! K-5 History document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); ANCIENT HISTORY Mesopotamia Assyria Roman Empire ... Contact Us

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