1. ELandnet: Africa about other national minorities, indigenous peoples and unrepresented movements andother resources about South africa. tigre (0) Links to resources about tigre http://www.elandnet.org/links/en/Africa/

eLandnet : Africa Categories: Berbers Links to resources about Berbers in Algeria and Morocco. Canary Islands Links to resources about the Canary Islands. Eritrea Links to resources about Eritrea. Falasha Links to resources about the Jews in Ethiopia and Somalia. General Links to resources about conflicts, culture, emigration, religion, international institutions and treaties, youth, students, environment, literature, human rights, music, grassroot organisations, politics, languages, tourism and scientific research in and about Africa. Ogiek Links to resources about the Ogiek, hunters-gatherers living in the Mau mountains in the Tinet forest in Kenya. Ogoni Links to resources about the Ogoni in Nigeria. Oromo Links to resources about the Oromo in Ethiopia. Other Links to resources about other national minorities, indigenous peoples and unrepresented nations in Africa. Somalia Links to resources about minorities in Somalia. South Africa Links to resources about Afrikaans, the Afrikaners, the black liberation movements and other resources about South Africa. Sudan Links to resources about minorities in Sudan.

2. The Berbers Defending North Africa's Cultural Heritage indigenous cultures worldwide that may be threatened with extinction. The survey included the Dinka and Fulani of West africa, the tigre the Berber peoples, an occasion described http://www.africana.com/DailyArticles/index_20010326.htm

3. US Foreign Policy Towards The Horn Of Africa 3 By Hamdesa Tuso from the Americas, the voice of the indigenous people. the early Amhara colonizersto the present tigre colonizers. The peoples of the periphery of the Horn of http://www.sidamaconcern.com/articles/us_policy3.html

Home Aims Articles Forum ... Sidama in Brief Links SLF OLF OSA Oromia Online Ogaden Online West Africa Review Africa Recovery Africa Resource Africa Newsfeed AllAfrica BBC CNN ... The Independent Constructed on a Sand Foundation The Crisis of U.S. Foreign Policy Toward the Horn of Africa During the Post Cold War Era A Critical Review (PART III) by Hamdesa TUSO Go to Part II Editor's Notes 5. Policy Considerations ... End Notes Editor's Note : This is the last part of the series by Prof. Hamedesa Tuso. The first two parts provided with the background to the peoples of the Horn of Africa focusing on the Oromo people who constitute the single largest group in the region. In the second part, he analysed the impact of U.S. foreign policy in the region during and after the Cold War. In this last part, he concludes by offering substantive recommendations for the foreign policy makers to reconsider the assumptions that underlie the U.S. foreign policy to the region]. 5. Policy Considerations

4. Africa:Forests Under Threat population (belonging to the tigre, the Beni in biodiversity and less populated countriesof africa. were primary rainforests, inhabited by indigenous peoples. http://www.wrm.org.uy/countries/Africa/trouble5.html

Publications Africa: Forests under threat index By different means the World Bank is one of the major and most influential promoters of the prevailing monoculture tree plantation model. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) - a part of the World Bank Group, whose specific task is the promotion of private sector investment in "poor" countries - has been directly investing in projects linked to tree plantations, for example in Kenya and Brazil. The Liberian Agricultural Company (LAC) will receive a loan of US$ 3.5 million to develop a rubber plantation in its 120,000 hectares estate. Between 1961 and 1984 the company had planted rubber there in an area of 10,500 hectares, which was abandoned because of the civil war. According to its promoters, the project will create jobs, provide health and education, and improve rural infrastructure, benefiting 800 small holders. Increasing conflict between smallholders and oil palm estates This is not the first strike of this kind and there have been similar actions taken by outgrowers since the 1997 privatization of the previously state-owned Palmindustrie company. The assets of that company where bought by three large private enterprises:

5. Colonizing Creation, Part One Continued have either conquered indigenous peoples (such as the numerous of africa. In Ethiopia also are the Semiticspeaking Amhara, tigre, and others. Most of the remaining peoples of http://www.biopark.org/biopiracy1.html

Biopiracy In the Amazon We are grateful to the indigenous people of Amazonia for sharing with the world their marvelous ethnobotanical knowledge accrued over millennia. People all over the world already realize many current medicinal and health benefits from this knowledge, and much more awaits "discovery" by the western world. We recognize that this knowledge is their exclusive intellectual property and condemn those who would appropriate it for personal profit with fair acknowledgement and just compensation. We believe that partnerships established with the informed consent and agreement of legitimate representatives of indigenous communities, may be acceptable if a. traditional indigenous use and access to these plants is not compromised in any way b. the biological survival of any plant species is not threatened by commercial harvest c. a competent professional biological assessment is done to determine range and distribution, critical ecology, reproductive/propagative requirements and fecundity of any plant proposed for commercial export d. a fair profit-sharing plan is established to provide long-term income for indigenous communities from cultivation or sustained-yield harvest of medicinal plants

6. El Tigre Journeys tigre tigreAN (Soedan Sudan). TIGRINYA TIGRAY (Ethiopië - Ethiopia, Eritrea). TIGUA (Native American, USA). TIKKI-TIKKI (Centraal Afrika - Central africa) indigenous peoples in http://www.infohub.com/TRAVEL/SIT/top_pages/562.html

Home Categories Active Adventure Affinity Family Hobby ... Sports Destination Africa Asia Australia Caribbean ... South America Unique Stays Castle Hotel Eco Lodge Resorts Diving El Tigre Journeys El Tigre Journeys travel programs focus on intellectually and spiritually stimulating adventures to exotic New World destinations. Our workshop programs and tours are led by experienced professionals with expertise in personal growth, transcultural, and natural history facilitation. We specialize in high-quality and unforgettable ecological, intercultural, and spiritual immersion experiences for the discriminating traveler. El Tigre Journeys is a privately-owned and operated educational travel company affiliated with International BioPark Foundation,a non-profit organization dedicated to appreciation and conservation of wildlife, plants, indigenous peoples, and their shared natural environments. We can customize any tour to your travel needs. Please contact us on how to customize a tour to your travel requirements. Please contact us for any questions you may have in regards to any of the tours we offer. We can share unique information that only we can provide as the operators of the tours.

7. Friends Of The Earth - Campaigns indigenous peoples are particularly at risk, since the lands which diverse and importantforests in West africa. in Guatemala's Laguna del tigre National Park http://www.foe.org/camps/intl/worldbank/casestudy.html

Home Campaigns International The World Bank Group Case Studies Bolivia-Brazil Gas Pipeline Chad-Cameroon Oil Pipeline Basic Resources International Ltd. Oi Kumtor Gold Mine ... Omai Gold Mine Bolivia-Brazil Pipeline South America Project Description The Bolivia-Brazil natural gas pipeline is the largest private sector investment in Latin America. This 3000 kilometer pipeline stretches from Santa Cruz, Bolivia to Porto Alegre, Brazil. It crosses several important ecosystems: the Gran Chaco, a recently designated protected area of primary dry tropical forest in Bolivia; the Pantanal, the world's largest wetland; and the Mata Atlantica Rainforest of Southeastern Brazil. World Bank Involvement In 1997 the World Bank approved a $310 million loan for this $2 billion project. The loan supports Petrobras, a Brazilian state-owned energy company that is the principal investor and operator of the pipeline. The owner of the pipeline in Brazil is TGB, whose investors include Petrobras, Transredes, Enron, Shell and BTB. Gas Transboliviano, a consortium comprising Transredes, Enron, Shell and Petrobras, owns the Bolvian portion of the pipeline. In FY 1999, the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), the political risk insurance arm of the World Bank, provided a $14.6 million risk insurance guarantee to Enron. Environmental and Social Concerns The project has failed to address the most important negative social and environmental impacts associated with the pipeline: the significant impacts from new oil and gas exploration and distribution activities on indigenous lands and in Bolivia's fragile Amazon Basin area, made possible by the construction of this pipeline.

8. CIEPAC: Chiapas Al Día, No. 185 and rural resistance have impeded construction of the tigre dam, at UGANDA (africa) hasfacilitated the invasion of ancestral lands of the indigenous peoples. http://www.ciepac.org/bulletins/ingles/ing287.htm

CIEPAC 24 de abril del 2002 Indigenous Resistance and Opposition to Dam Projects and the World Bank (Part Two) In this bulletin we review some more examples violent implementation of dam projects, and of resistance to the more than 45,000 dams that have been built in the world. BRAZIL: - The Tocantis and Araguaia Rivers- The Dams of Jataizinho, Cebolão, São Geronimo, Maua : The construction of four dams have been proposed for the Tibagi River.  These dams would submerge the last remaining regions of tropical rainforest along the Atlantic coast. At minimum, 20 species of birds would be endangered, along with fishing resources used by 2,000 indigenous peoples, and 40 archeological sites. The Belo Monte Dam: Located in the Xingu river, this dam will cost 800,000,000 dollars. The dam will reduce the size of the reserve by 200 to 440 square kilometers, limiting the jungle and the indigenous population. The dam will flood the reserve of the Juruna Indians and part of the city of Altamira. The Tijuco Alto, Funil, Itaoca and Batatal Dams

9. IMF | Chad to further deforestation and adversely affect indigenous communities middle of theLaguna del tigre National Park been disasters for local peoples and ecosystems http://www.nadir.org/nadir/initiativ/agp/free/imf/africa/chad.htm

Chad Reports WB and African Oil Pipeline (LA Times, Tuesday, May 9, 2000) Africans threatened with summary execution (Mon, 05 Jun 2000) World Bank's pipeline to disaster (Green Left Weekly, June 7 2000) WB and African Oil Pipeline Tuesday, May 9, 2000 in the Los Angeles Times Will It Be Business As Usual At The World Bank? by Delphine Djiraibe and Korinna Horta In the wake of protests surrounding the World Bank and International Monetary Fund in Washington, D.C., the international financial institutions have renewed their pledge to alleviate poverty, protect the environment and fight corruption. But now that the streets of Washington have returned to normal, is it back to business as usual at the World Bank? We may have an answer soon. Within a month, the World Bank will decide whether to finance a controversial oil and pipeline project in Chad and Cameroon. Three of the world's largest oil companiesExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell and the French company ELFformed the original consortium that planned to sink 300 oil wells in the land-locked African nation of Chad and run a pipeline through neighboring Cameroon to the Atlantic coast. Interna- tional concern about human rights abuses and environmental destruction and other problems, caused Shell and ELF to drop out. Now Chevron and the Malaysian company, Petronas, have joined ExxonMobil in the project. The companies have said they won't invest in the project without World Bank support, which can provide a measure of security against the risks of investing in such a politically volatile area. According to the U.S. State Department, state security forces in Chad and Cameroon are responsible for grave human rights abuses, including extrajudicial killings, torture and rape. Cameroon last year was rated the most corrupt country in the world for the second year in a row by the respected watchdog organization, Transparency International. In Chad, violence in the project region linked to the prospect of massive oil revenues has left hundreds of unarmed civilians dead, according to Amnesty International. The one member of the Chadian parliament who represents the oil-producing region spent eight months in a disease-ridden jail when he dared point out project-related corruption.

10. List Of Articles By Subject / Encyclopedia Of The World's Minorities South Asians in africa and the MiddleEast, 1000 words. South Asians in Asia and thePacific, 1000 words. Taiwan’s indigenous peoples, 1000 words. tigre, 1000 words. http://www.fitzroydearborn.com/chicago/minorities/articles-subject.php3

Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities List of articles by subject Entries sorted alphabetically A: PERSONS B: TOPICS C: GROUPS ... D: COUNTRIES A: PERSONS (back to top) Achebe, Chinua (Nigerian) 1000 words Adams, Gerry (Northern Ireland Catholic) 1000 words Aga Khan (Ismali) 1000 words Ali, Muhammad (African-American) 1000 words Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji (Harijan) 1000 words Arafat, Yasser (Palestinian) 1000 words Ben Jelloun, Tahar (Algerian) 1000 words Bhindranwale, Jarnail Sant (India-Sikh) 1000 words Bonner, Neville Thomas (Aborigine) 1000 words Chavez, Cesar (Mexican-American) 1000 words Césaire, Aimé (Martiniquais) 1000 words Da Silva, Benedita (Afro-Brazilian) 1000 words Dalai Lama (Tibetan) 2000 words De Klerk, F.W. (Afrikaner) 1000 words Du Bois, W.E.B. (African-American) 1000 words Fanon, Frantz Omar (Algerian) 1000 words Farrakhan, Louis (African-American) 1000 words Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (India) 1000 words Garang, John (Sudanese) 1000 words Garvey, Marcus (Jamaican) 1000 words Gheorghe, Nicolae (Roma Romania) 1000 words Grant, Bernie (United Kingdom)

11. EPC Lectures 2001/2 there were apparently so many Muslims living in tigre that local that in a regionwith some state formation among indigenous Sidama peoples but without http://www2.soas.ac.uk/Africa/courseunits/cultural/epc/epclec7.htm

Lecture 7: Muslim Ethiopia (Handout: Muslim States). Introduction:- in order to take up story of Islam in Ethiopia we need to go back to lecture 3 when rise of Islam in 7 th jihad another group of early traditions refers to Bilal, an Ethiopian freed slave of Abu Bakr who became 1 st caliph (chief Muslim ruler, regarded as successor of Muhammad), according to legend Bilal 2 nd person to convert to Islam (Abu Bakr being 1 st) , but it seems Muhammad’s wife, Khadidja, was actually 1 st convert, Bilal appointed 1 st muezzin (man who calls faithful to prayer at mosque) however, these early friendly relations did not last long, hostilities already seem to have begun before M’s death in 632 CE, many incidents concerning rivalry over control of Red Sea trade Overview of the Expansion of Islam into the Ethiopian Region:- th cent. CE Dahlak Islands had been annexed by Muslims (see Pankhurst map – handout for Lecture 5 nevertheless, at beginning of 10 th other links with Islamic world = in coastal regions through hajj with rise of Fatimid dynasty in Egypt at end of 10 th Endarta (see map) comes from Arabic inscriptions dating from end of 10 th cent. to mid-12

12. IAIA Zarzar, The World Bank Operational Directive on indigenous peoples . Experiencein the Middle East and North africa . in the Laguna Del tigre National Park http://www.iaia.org/annual-meeting/iaia00/FP TS Detail Tues.htm

IAIA'00 - Technical Sessions Detailed Schedule (Note: Rooms are equipped with overhead and slide projectors; other needed equipment and supplies are the responsibility of the presenters.) Tuesday 20 June Session 1.1 (Room: 201) Strategic Environmental Assessment – Back to the Future, Where Will SEA Be in 10 Years and How Do We Get There? SEA – practice experience and new ideas – posters, presentations and discussion David Annandale; John Bailey; Warren Evans; Ely Ouano; Peter King, "The Role of SEA in the Activities of Multi-Lateral Financial Institutions" Clive Briffett, Jeff Obbard, Jamie Mackee, "Assessing the Potential for Strategic Environmental Assessment in Asia" Zhu Tan; Yan Yuhu; Xu Fan; Lin Lin; Jia Congrong, "The Retrospect and Prospect of Region Environmental Impact Assessment in China" W.T. Victor Yeung; C.F. Stanley Lau, "Strategic Environmental Assessment in Hong Kong - the Past, the Present and the Future" Ralf Aschemann, "The Next SEA Step: Policy Environmental Assessment"

13. UMBC Library-- Photographs Matching Keywords-- Search Results DESERTS PYRAMIDS SPHINXES indigenous peoples CLOTHING Caption ISLA CARAPACHAY(tigre) Photographer BOOTE TOURISTS 19TH CENTURY ALGERIA africa; http://aok.lib.umbc.edu/imcat.php3?orderby=CAPTION&SUBJECT=TOURISTS

14. Early History Of Africa indigenous plants include African yams, African rice, bulrush millet peoples around6500 and 8500 BC developed pottery. and urban living into tigre and Eritrea http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/history1.htm

15. Ecotouring News, Issue 14, June 2000 Kenyan Tourism Seeks Tax Relief africa News Service commitment to the environmentand local indigenous peoples. El tigre Journeys in Western Amazonia Peru http://ecoclub.com/news/14.html

ecotouring news issue 14, June 2000 the monthly ecotourism bulletin Special Offers Contents World Ecotourism News New Ecotourism Ring Members New Ecotourism Providers at ecoclub.com Monthly Poll Result ... Ecotourism Ring Statistics Monthly Competition Ecotour discounts by Ecoindia, the Northern India Specialists Rio Tinto ... for life ! Every month, starting with the July issue, we will be publishing the best eco-travel report received. The winner will win US $50 or alternatively the winner's favourite charity will win US $100. For details please click here 1. World Ecotourism News India bans shahtoosh ENN 16/5/00 "A judge in India last week banned the manufacture and sale of shahtoosh, the soft wool derived from the endangered Tibetan antelope, in the Himalayan state of Jammu and Kashmir, the only place where it was still permitted. In a landmark judgment, Justice O. P. Sharma directed the state government to regulate trade in shahtoosh and its shawls under the provisions of the Jammu and Kashmir Wildlife Protection Act. The judgment came two years after the Wildlife Protection Society of India filed a suit in the Jammu-Kashmir High Court." - Excellent. Now please find something else (ecotourism?) for the hunters and craftsmen to do so that the ban is respected.

16. Africa certain favoured populations, most African indigenous languages would by Britain onbehalf of suppressed peoples. Eritrea and tigre were quickly seized, and in http://www.ahtg.net/TpA/tpafrica.html

Africa The African continent, stretching from the Sahara desert in the north to the Cape of Good Hope in the south, is an immense and diverse region of the world. It is in Africa that homo sapiens sapiens Beginning in the late 15th century, and continuing until well into the 19th century, Africa was subjected to the slave trade. Following the European discovery and conquest of the Americas, the various European colonizers particularly Portugal, France, and England began the large-scale purchase of millions of Africans via cooperative states located along the Atlantic coast. From European outposts, slaves were shipped out in the millions and sold to the highest bidder in the Americas. At least ten million Africans, taken all along the African coast from West Africa to Angola , may have been shipped to the Americas. Despite appalling mortality rates, enough Africans survived particularly in northern Brazil , the North American mainland, and the Caribbean to eventually create an African diaspora in their new homeland. Even though the slave trade provided some advantages to those Africans who collaborated with European slavers, in the long run it depopulated many of the states of the West African interior, and left Africa exposed to foreign imperialists. Centuries of contact and exchange between Europeans and Africans had culminated by the mid-19th century in the large-scale European colonization of Africa. Although Britain's acquisition of the Cape Province could be used to define British as the first modern colonial power in Africa, France actually was the first European state to embark on the colonization of all of Africa, particularly under the

17. Background Notes Archive - Africa 3540 percent, Amhara 20-25 percent, tigre 6-8 Orthodox Christian 40-45 percent,indigenous beliefs 10 to form the Ethiopian peoples' Revolutionary Democratic http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/ethiopia9607.html

Return to Africa Background Notes Archive Return to Background Notes Archive Homepage Return to Electronic Research Collection Homepage

18. The World Christian: The Notice Board Of The Nations Jairo Rolando Mendoza, El tigre. South africa Small assembly wants to be involvedin Hawaii indigenous peoples Conference People from many nations gathered http://www.worldchristians.org/main/18november2002.htm

THE WORLD CHRISTIAN Magazine Welcome 1,603,082 visits Download Our Brochure 300 kb pdf format Search All 1,200 pages of studies, news and languages. Subscribe Free private edition by e-mail with addresses. Send In Five lines of your own news Who Are We ? Free Training School of Mission No walls, No frontiers No fees - since 1985. The DCI Foundation Bible School with 85 diploma level lessons free School of Kingdom Economics On screen with Free Download of 62 lessons on the Bible principles of money and the practice of giving and receiving School FAQS All your questions, and our answers. 'Must See' Links Unreached Peoples Missions/Church Free books 10/40 window Computers Address Book Travel + Articles Photo Page Money Forum How Can I Help ?

19. Gosine - Introducton not too well received by the indigenous peoples of both And many from Fiji, Mauritius,South africa, and a on two foreign communities, El tigre in Venezuela http://www.saxakali.com/indocarib/introduction.htm

SOJOURNER TO SETTLER: AN INTRODUCTION by Mahin Gosine Introduction The Indian Diaspora When one takes a careful look at the history books, one sees very quickly that migration has increased significantly since the invention of the steam engine in 1807. This trend continued throughout the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth century. Furthermore, beginning in the period following World War II, migration patterns around the world increased significantly (Motwani and Gosine, 1993; Schaefer, 1996). Moreover, beginning around the 1960's, when the world began to become more of a "global village", owing to such things as radical changes in international travel and innovations in the media, etcetera, (McCluhan, 1967), the numbers of people around the world migrating and traveling from one country to another reached an all-time high. This, of course, includes East Indians from both the sub-continent and other countries of the world where they have taken up permanent residence. Nevertheless one thing is certain, and that is that Indian migration has a long history, and with each passing day, the Indian presence around the world is becoming increasingly profound.

20. P. Scott Brown, Bookseller -- Catalog 15. Latin American Literature Honorarios, Dientes blancos, and El tigre by this forming a travelogue of africa,Turkey and spent several years studying the literature of indigenous peoples. http://www.downtownbrown.com/old_catalogs/catalog15/cat15pt1.htm

Quick Search Catalogs Collecting New Books Gallery ... Home Items 1–90 A–C [91-192 D–G] [193–289 H–N] [290–377 N–Z] Please see the updated online version of this catalog for current availability and pricing. Or use the search feature above to determine if a title is available. To place an order, contact me by email , or by phone at 707.443.9562 Shipping is $5 per order. Sales tax applies in California. New customers please pay in advance. Purchase orders welcomed from institutions. All items subject to prior sale. 1. Agosín, Marjorie. Conchalí . New York: Senda Nueva de Ediciones, 1980. First edition. 54 pages. Previous bookstore stamp on inside front cover, price stamped on flyleaf, else fine in wrappers. SIGNED by the author. A collection of poems in Spanish by this popular Chilean-American writer. With a prologue by Fernando Alegría and a foreword by Norma Alarcón. Her uncommon first book. Although the text on the rear wrapper indicates that this is her second book, the first book referred to was not, in fact, published. (8388) 2. Agosín, Marjorie.

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