41. World Travel Guide - Tunisia - History & Government World Travel Guide tunisia - history Government - includesinformation on the constitution and politics. http://www.sftpwtg.com/data/tun/tun580.htm

Travel Information Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Maps Regions and Cities Tunis - Overview The Coral Coast Cap Bon The Sahel ... Tunisia History and Government History: Tunisia was ruled by a hereditary monarchy until the French made the country a protectorate in 1883. Nationalist pressure for independence began in 1934 with the formation of the Néo-Destour (New Constitution) Party (NDP) under the leadership of Habib Bourguiba. Internal self-government was granted in 1955; independence as a constitutional monarchy under the Bey of Tunis came a year later. In 1957, the Bey was overthrown and a republic proclaimed, with Bourguiba as President. Despite independence, the French insisted on holding onto a naval base at Bizerta on the northern coast, but lost it in 1963 after a naval blockade by the Tunisians and several months of heavy fighting. The ruling Parti Socialiste Destourien (renamed Rassemblement Constitutionel Démocratique in 1988), successor to the NDP, has maintained a strong grip. Bourguiba pursued unsuccessful socialist policies in the early part of his regime, but in the 1970s opened the economy up to foreign investment and allowed the development of a private sector. By the crude measure of per capita domestic income, the lot of the Tunisians greatly improved during this second phase. At the time of his fall from power in November 1987, Bourguiba had been in control for 30 years, at first through elections to the single party, and after 1975 as President-for-Life. Following a pronouncement by his own team of doctors that Bourguiba was no longer of sound mind, Prime Minister Zine El Abidine Ben Ali assumed the presidency unopposed. Despite its relatively small size, Tunisia has played a consistently important diplomatic role in the region.

42. History Of Tunisia history of tunisia. Background Notes State. Britannica.com tunisiahistory A thorough encyclopedic history from Britannica.com. Use http://history1900s.about.com/library/world/blxtunisia.htm

zfp=-1 About History 20th Century History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with 20th Century History with Jennifer Rosenberg Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects Major Events Maps People Photographs ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement History of Tunisia Background Notes: Tunisia Historical information from the United States Department of State. Britannica.com: Tunisia History A thorough encyclopedic history from Britannica.com. Use the outline below the article to navigate through the complete text of this extensive encyclopedia entry. Flags of the World: Tunisia Information, images, and available history of the current and past flags of the country. Geography and Maps of Tunisia A plethora of geographical information and online maps from the About Geography site. Infoplease.com: Tunisia

43. Welcome To Tunisia Online, Your Digital Gateway To News And Information On Tunis tunisia, Welcome to tunisiaOnline.com Your digital gateway to news and informationresources on tunisia, tunisia's history, government, culture, environment http://www.tunisiaonline.com/history/

HISTORY IN BRIEF 814 BC: Foundation of Carthage by Phoenician settlers led by Queen Dido. 264 BC to 146 BC: The Punic Wars: Three wars with Rome, including elephant-mounted expedition by Hannibal across the Alps (218-202 BC,) end with the defeat of Carthage. 146 BC-439: Establishment of the first Roman Colony, Africa, and its attachment to the Roman Empire. Takeover of Carthage by the Vandals. Takeover of Carthage by the Byzantines. Advent of the Arab-Islamic period. Foundation of Kairouan by Oqba lbn Nafaa (670), and takeover of Carthage by the Arabs (698). Expansion of Islam and establishment of the Aghlabid Dynasty. (Construction of the Zitouna Mosque in Tunis). Fatimid and Zirides dynasties. Foundation of Mahdia (921). Almohads unify the Maghreb countries and Moslem Andalusia. The Hafsids break away from Almohads and establish new dynasty based in Tunis. Tunisia becomes part of the Ottoman Empire.

44. Totunisia.com - Tunisia The First City Guide In Tunisia Domestically, it has sought to diffuse rising pressure for a more open politicalsociety. tunisia's strategic position has ensured it an eventful history. http://www.totunisia.com/histoire.cfm

45. 1Up Travel > History And Culture Of Tunisia. tunisia The history and Culture of tunisia is really worth a look.Belly dancing is a common cabaret feature and lively local http://www.1uptravel.com/international/africa/tunisia/history-culture.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... Travel Reservations and Bookings More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Search 1Up Travel You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Africa Tunisia ADVERTISEMENT Country At a Glance Introduction Topography History-Culture Local Life ... Newstand Worth a Visit !! Cities Sight Seeing Maps Shopping ... Travel Links Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Country Guide Detailed Maps Hotel Database Country Flag ... Travel Warning History In the earliest known period of its history, the region now called Tunisia was part of the Carthaginian Empire. According to tradition, Phoenician traders founded the city of Carthage in 814 BC at a location slightly northeast of the site of modern Tunis. In subsequent centuries Carthage became the center of a mighty empire that dominated most of northern Africa and intermittently ruled the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula, Sardinia, and parts of Sicily. Beginning in 264 BC Carthage clashed with the expanding Roman Empire in a series of bloody struggles known as the Punic Wars.

46. History Of Tunisia century. Recorded history in tunisia begins with the arrival of Phoenicians,who founded Carthage and other North African settlements. http://www.worldrover.com/history/tunisia_history.html

Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Free Travel Cheap Tickets Auction ... Make Money Tunisia History Tunisians are descendants of indigenous Berber and Arab tribes that migrated to North Africa during the seventh century. Recorded history in Tunisia begins with the arrival of Phoenicians, who founded Carthage and other North African settlements. Carthage was captured by the Romans in AD 146, and the Romans continued to rule North Africa until they were defeated by tribesmen from Europe in the fifth century. The Muslim conquest in the seventh century transformed North Africa. Tunisia became a center of Arab culture until its assimilation into the Turkish Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. France established a protectorate in Tunisia in 1881. The rise of nationalism led to Tunisia's independence in 1956. Independence leader Habib Bourguiba became Tunisia's first president in 1956 and held the office until 1987, when Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali was elected. Post-independence tensions between France and Tunisia decreased in 1962 when France withdrew from its Bizerte naval base. But when Tunisia nationalized foreign

47. Tunisia Maps, Pictures, History And More tunisia. Click on a link below to find travel guides, embassy info,flags, maps, brief history, facts, and more. Please email us http://www.worldrover.com/country/tunisia_main.html

Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Search The Web! Free Travel Cheap Tickets Auction ... Make Money Tunisia Click on a link below to find travel guides, embassy info, flags, maps, brief history, facts, and more. Please email us if you have any questions or suggestions. Search the Net for: Travel Guides source: CIA World Factbook 1999 Vital Statistics Brief History Embassy Info Travel Guides Search Net: Term Paper Search Net: Travel Free Clip Art w/ Flags! Slash your student loans 53%!! Thanks Uncle Sam!! home ... embassies

48. WWW-VL History Index Click Here for WWWVL Main Catalogue WWW-VL history. tunisia. Clickhere for The World-Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW-VL) central http://www.ku.edu/history/VL/africa/tunisia.html

WWW-VL: HISTORY. TUNISIA Click here for The World-Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW-VL) central catalogue The WWW-VL search facility. Click Here to access the Mirror at Florence, Italy Click Here to access the Mirror at Lawrence, Kansas, USA Gopher server ... Click Here to access the Mirror at Lawrence, Kansas, USA Please send comments and suggestions to Lynn H. Nelson

49. The Jews Of Africa -- The Jews Of Tunisia tunisia. history Yacov B'Chiri, Djerban cantor. The Jewish communityof tunisia originated as home to scholars exiled from Palestine http://www.mindspring.com/~jaypsand/tunisia2.htm

Tunisia history The Jewish community of Tunisia originated as home to scholars exiled from Palestine, from Talmudic sages of the 2 nd to the 4 th Today the Tunisian government watches the Jewish community closely but does not restrict Jewish practices. The government does appoint a committee which heads the community and manages most of its non-religious functions. There are five rabbis in Tunisia; there are even several kosher restaurants in Tunis and on Djerba, which has been an active, practicing Jewish community for over two millennia, where most of the community members observe Jewish dietary laws ( kashrut tunisia the setting religious life secular life ... map of africa For more information e-mail: Jay Sand JayPSand@yahoo.com

50. Holiday Brochures - FREE - Online, In Email Or By Post tunisia Insight Guide This guide includes a section detailing tunisia's history,seven features covering aspects of the country's life and culture, ranging http://www.all-holiday-brochures.com/brbooks.asp?ID=382

51. GlobalEDGE (TM) | Country Insights - History Of Tunisia tunisia history. Recorded history in tunisia begins with the arrival ofPhoenicians, who founded Carthage and other North African settlements. http://globaledge.msu.edu/ibrd/CountryHistoryPrint.asp?CountryID=145&RegionID=5

52. GlobalEDGE (TM) | Country Insights - History Of Tunisia Recorded history in tunisia begins with the arrival of Phoenicians, whofounded Carthage and other North African settlements. Carthage http://globaledge.msu.edu/ibrd/CountryHistory.asp?CountryID=145&RegionID=5

53. Maps Of Tunisia. Buy Tunisia Maps From Maps Worldwide (Paperback,New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd Globetrotter Travel Guide) This guideintroduces the reader to tunisia's history, people, culture and econo http://www.mapsworldwide.co.uk/mwwlive/dir.asp?secid=199&fulllist=Y

54. Tunisia Your digital gateway to news and information resources on tunisia, tunisia's history,government, culture, environment, society, economy, tourism, and more.. http://cybersleuth-kids.com/sleuth/Geography/Africa/Tunisia/

55. Welcome To The Travel And Tourism Guide To Tunisia, Culture of the tunisian territory have been collected and arranged by date and place of origininto departments corresponding to the main stages in tunisia's history http://www.tourismtunisia.com/culture/bardo.html

Museums Bardo Carthage Dar Abdallah El Jem ... Sousse Closed :Mondays Hours : Normal Hours Notes The Bardo, located in the suburbs of Tunis, is in itself, an architectural landmark. Originally a 13th century Hafside palace, it has been restored and expanded throughout the centuries to become this superb example of Arab-Moslem 17th and 18th century architecture and decoration with its vaulted ceilings, galleries and cupolas. How fitting also that the finest collection of Roman mosaics in the world should be housed in this delightful setting !. Priceless acquisitions from all parts of the Tunisian territory have been collected and arranged by date and place of origin into departments corresponding to the main stages in Tunisia's history: Prehistoric era Carthaginian era Roman era Christian era Islamic era. Let us begin from the beginning, with the exposition of the Hermaion of El Guettar, a cairn of stone and silex estimated at over 40 000 years, and perhaps one of mankind's first spiritual and cultural expressions. Found in the area of Gafsa, northwestern Tunisia, it is one of a myriad of artifacts and vestiges, some strangely carved and faceted, testifying to man's early presence in Tunisia that are exposed in the Bardo's fine Prehistoric collection. We can date the end of the prehistoric era with the arrival of the Phoenicians around 1000 BC. Moving forward we find the Roman presence in Tunisia expressed and exhibited in the hundreds of mosaics adorning the walls and floor of the Bardo. Gathered from countless ancient sites these priceless images bear witness to the wealth and prosperity of Roman Tunisia, its gods and goddesses, myths and realities, day to day activities and exuberant festivities.

56. C. Tunisia. 2001. The Encyclopedia Of World History The Encyclopedia of World history. 2001. c. tunisia. (See 1799, March26). 1800. At the turn of the century tunisia was ruled by the http://www.bartleby.com/67/1385.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference The Encyclopedia of World History c. Tunisia PREVIOUS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Encyclopedia of World History. c.

57. C. Tunisia. 2001. The Encyclopedia Of World History 2001. c. tunisia. (See 1943, May 14). 1946, Jan. It was the first major trade unionin tunisian history. Membership soon reached over 150,000 workers. 1. 1951, Oct. http://www.bartleby.com/67/3940.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference The Encyclopedia of World History c. Tunisia PREVIOUS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Encyclopedia of World History. c.

58. THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS OF TUNISIA THE history OF THE JEWS OF tunisia. Alexander Rosenzweig. tunisiais the easternmost of the three Arab states that constitute the http://www.sefarad.org/publication/lm/045/8.html

THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS OF TUNISIA Alexander Rosenzweig Tunisia is the easternmost of the three Arab states that constitute the Maghreb, the western mostregion of the Muslim world, the other two being Algeria and Morocco. Its landmass is equivalent to that of England and Wales, but its population is only six million souls who live mainly along the 800 miles of Mediterranean coastal plain. It was the seat of the Carthaginian civilisation which extended over a period of 700 years, and was followed by a long period of Roman rule, but by the ninth century became Muslim. From literary and archaeological sources, evidence has been gathered of a rich Jewish communal life going back some 2,300 years. Tunisia is mentioned in a number of places in the Talmud and in the works of Josephus, who testified to the transportation from the Land of Israel of 30,000 Jews to Tunisia, by the Romans under the Emperor Titus. Near the ruined city of Carthage lies a site known as Garmath, where excavations have revealed a third-century CE Jewish cemetery. At a place called Hamman Lif the remains of a well-preserved third-century CE synagogue have been discovered

59. THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS OF TUNISIA THE history OF THE JEWS OF tunisia. by Alexander Rosenzweig. tunisiais the easternmost of the three Arab states that constitute the http://www.sefarad.org/publication/lm/040/9.html

THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS OF TUNISIA by Alexander Rosenzweig Tunisia is the easternmost of the three Arab states that constitute the Maghreb, the westernmost region of the Muslim world, the other two being Algeria and Morocco. Its land mass is equivalent to that of England and Wales, but its population is only six million souls who live mainly along the 800 miles of Mediterranean coastal plain. It was the seat of the Carthaginian civilisation which extended over a period of 700 years, and was followed by a long period of Roman rule, but by the ninth century became Muslim. From literary and archaeological sources, evidence has been gathered of a rich Jewish communal life going back some 2,300 years. Tunisia is mentioned in a number of places in the Talmud and in the works of Josephus, who testified to the transportation from the Land of Israel of 30,000 Jews to Tunisia by the Romans under the Emperor Titus. Near the ruined city of Carthage lies a site known as Garmath, where excavations have revealed a third-century CE Jewish cemetery. At a place called Hamman Lif the remains of a well-preserved third-century CE synagogue have been discovered containing a mosaic displaying the words Sancta Sinagoga. Under the Roman Emperors Vespasian and Hadrian, life was particularly harsh for the Jews, although they were permitted to practise their religion in comparative freedom. The rise of Christianity brought with it an undoubted decline in the fortunes of the Jewish communnities. Tertullian was a Roma lawyer born in Tunis and a proponent of the new religion, and in his work Adversus Judaeorum he described the Jews as "fugitives and vagabonds, condemned to be scattered all over the earth because of the disrespect they had shown to the Christian Saviour". Tertullian's works became a blueprint for the vilification of the Jews and their religion and the justification for their brutal treatment. Judaism was eventually eradicated and the synagogues converted into churches. Methods of torture were used to force the Jews to convert.

60. UT - MENIC: Countries And Regions: Tunisia: Arts And Humanities: History: Ancien http://inic.utexas.edu/menic/Countries_and_Regions/Tunisia/Arts_and_Humanities/H

Site Index F.A.Q. Search the Site Suggest a Link ... Arts and Humanities History Ancient History Rebel and Saint: Muslim Notables, Populist Protest, Colonial Encounters (Algeria and Tunisia, 1800-1904) by Julia Clancy-Smith eBook from University of California Press Center for Middle Eastern Studies The University of Texas at Austin

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