1. CENTER FOR TURKISH LANGUAGE AND SPEECH PROCESSING Performing basic research in language and speech processing, involving Turkish and related Turkic languages.Category Science Social Sciences Turkic Research Projects...... http://www.nlp.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/

CENTER FOR TURKISH LANGUAGE AND SPEECH PROCESSING HOME PAGE Türkçe devam etmek için burayý týklayýnýz. The Center for Turkish Language and Speech Processing at Bilkent University is a joint initiative of the Departments of Computer Engineering , and Electrical and Electronics Engineering. The Center aims to promote and perform basic research in language and speech processing, and develop language engineering applications involving Turkish and related Turkic languages. NATO Advanced Study Institute on LANGUAGE ENGINEERING FOR LESSER-STUDIED LANGUAGES Turkish Cross-word Puzzle Helper TURKISH Brief overview of Turkish Some additional info on Turkish and its history Turkish Language Home Page PUBLICATIONS Papers Recent Theses on Language and Speech Processing ASSOCIATED FACULTY Enis Çetin (co-director, EE) Ilyas Cicekli (CEIS) H. Altay Güvenir (CEIS) Kemal Oflazer (co-director, CEIS) GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCHERS Dilek Z. Hakkani-Tür (CS PhD Student Gökhan Tür (CS PhD Student) Umut Topkara (CEIS, M.Sc. Student) FUNDED PROJECTS Development of Finite State Light Parser for Turkish Supported by TUBITAK Development of a Turkish Treebank Corpus , Supported by TUBITAK , 2000 2002.(jointly with

2. Learn Practical Turkish Language In Turkey (language Education For The Rest Of U Learn about the turkish language (and Turkey) and be entertained at the same time.Category Science Social Sciences Altaic Turkic Turkish......learn turkish, turkish language, turkish idioms, Learn about the Turkish (turkish)Language (and Turkey turkey) and be entertained at the same time! http://www2.egenet.com.tr/mastersj/

Home Table of Contents Comments [Search the whole website] Learning Practical Turkish Homepage Online Edition 7 The entertaining way of getting to grips with this ancient and modern language... Enhanced CD Edition... Our latest book... Turkish waterpipes... Beginner's Bonanza ... var test=0; document.write("<");document.write("! "); document.write(" ");document.write(">"); Click this sentence for LPT's Latest Updates A blast from the past... (new sample pages for the Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire) The War... (the latest terms and phrases from the newspaper headlines) For the peace to follow... (the latest terms and phrases for friends and lovers) Or just click the following link to Search the entire site... List of 'Learning Practical Turkish' Webservers: Egenet Izmir, Turkey [ Our primary site with most up-to-date material FreeYellow Surrey, England FortuneCity England FreeServers Orem, UT [USA] Geocities Santa Clara, CA [USA] Tripod Boston, MA [USA] Big, new... Commercial-Free LPT on CD Edition 7.0 Now available... In addition to check/cheque, money order

3. UCLA Language Materials Turkish Language Profile Linguistic profile of Turkish contains demographic data, a map, and references. geographical area, for example, the turkish language of Azerbaijan. LANGUAGE VARIATION. Turkish has several dialects. http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/profiles/proft04.htm

Turkish Profile Alternate Names: Osmanli Number of Speakers: Approximately 56 million Key Dialects: Western Eastern Geographical Center: Turkey Educational Resources: Many GENERAL INTRODUCTION About 56 million people speak Turkish. Most of them live in Turkey where Turkish is the official language and 90 percent of the population speak it as a first language. Turkish is also the language spoken at home by people who live in the areas that were governed by the Ottoman Empire. For instance, in Bulgaria there are about 850,000 speakers (Grimes 1992). About 37,000 Turkish speakers live in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Azerbaijan. In Cyprus, Turkish is a co-official language (with Greek) where it is spoken as a first language by 19 percent of the population (Comrie 1990). Over a million speakers are found in Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Greece; over 1.5 million speakers live in Germany (and other northern European countries) where Turks have for many years been "guest workers." About 24,000 Turkish speakers live in the United States (Grimes 1992). LINGUISTIC AFFILIATION Turkish belongs to the Turkish branch of the Altaic language family. It is the westernmost of the Turkic languages spoken across Central Asia and is generally classified as a member of the South-West group, also known as the Oguz group (Baskakov 1966, Campbell 1991). Other Turkic languages, all of which are closely related, include Azerbaijani (Azeri), Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tatar, Turkmen, Uighur, Uzbek, and many others spoken from the Balkans across Central Asia into northwestern China and southern Siberia. Turkic languages are often grouped with Mongolian and Tungusic languages in the Altaic language family.

4. Turkish Language Translator Native Turkish translator has over 36 years of experience in government (Turkish), American and Turkish firms, and international financial institutions. http://www.turkishlanguagetranslator.com

Turkish Language Translator Turkish Translations by Native Turkish Translator In Turkish Türkçe Home Türkçe ... About/Contact Me "Free" Instant Quote by Phone: Fax: Click Here for "Free" Instant Quote by Email Turkish translations of business and legal documents I am a native Turkish Translator. I translate from English to Turkish and Turkish to English languages. Welcome! I translate any type of document. I translate most documents within 24 hours Certification and Notarization of Translation Provided Upon Request I certify my translations in a format required by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). Lowest Translation Fees I do not charge premium rates for translations that I generally complete within 24 hours To place your order and learn about your total fee: Call Omer Esener: 703-624-7499 Fax: 703-726-3940 Click Here for "Free" Instant Quote by Email Contact Me for a "Free" Quote ... Contact Me for a "Free" Quote ... Pay by credit card in a secure payment environment.

5. Discover Turkey: LANGUAGE turkish language. Background. The Turks were one of many linguistic and ethnic groups within the Ottoman Empire. http://www.turkishnews.com/DiscoverTurkey/culture/language

Discover Turkey TURKISH LANGUAGE Background The Turks were one of many linguistic and ethnic groups within the Ottoman Empire. Members of the military, civil and religious elite conducted their business in Ottoman Turkish dialect, a mixture of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish. Arabic was the primary language of religion and religious law, while Persian was the language of art, literature. and diplomacy. Ottoman Turkish borrowed vocabulary words as well as entire expressions and syntactic structures from Arabic and Persian. Pure Turkish was used primarily by the lower class and illiterate. It was generally not used in writing. Ottoman Turkish, on the other hand, was the language of the educated elite, in both written and oral communications . When Mustafa Kemal Ataturk came to power in 1923, he instituted sweeping reforms in Turkey. One of these reforms dealt with language. The goal was to introduce a language more Turkish, modern, practical, precise, and easier to learn than the old language. The two basic elements of this language reform were the adoption of a new alphabet and the purification of the language. Beginning in May, 1928, numbers written in Arabic were replaced with their Westem equivalents. In November of that year, the Grand National Assembly approved the new Roman (or Latin) alphabet, which had been devised by a committee of scholars including several American linguists.

6. A Mini Turkish Language Lesson Introductory notes for travelers.Category Science Social Sciences Altaic Turkic Turkish...... make yourself heard in Turkish ! SOME NOTES ON THE TURKISH ALPHABET AND LANGUAGE. Turkish,the language of modern Turkey, is spoken by about 60 million people. http://www.turizm.net/turkey/info/lesson.html

Home Turkey Hotels Blue Cruise ... Search Welcome to Turizm.net! Info Turkey I History I Tips for Travelers Geography Climate Policies ... Language make yourself heard in Turkish ! SOME NOTES ON THE TURKISH ALPHABET AND LANGUAGE Richard Chambers / Chicago University Since 1928, Turkish has been written in a slightly modified Latin alphabet which is very nearly phonetic. The Turkish alphabet has 8 vowels (A E I Ý O Ö U Ü ) and 21 consonants. The letters Q,W and X do not exist in Turkish. Most letters are pronounced pretty much as you would expect, but some are not. Once the phonetic value of all letters is known, then it is rather easy to pronounce any word one sees or to spell any word one hears.The following letters require explanation: Aa = "a" as in "card" or "dark", never as "a" in"cat" or "back" ( kan = blood ) Cc = "J" as in "judge" ( can= life, soul, pronounced like "John" ) Çç = "ch" as in "church"( çay= tea, pronounced "chay", rhymes with "buy" )

7. TURKISH NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING INITIATIVE HOME PAGE Similar pages More results from www.nlp.cs.bilkent.edu.tr The turkish languageThe turkish language. The Uighurs produced many written texts that areamong the most important source works for the turkish language. http://www.nlp.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/Turklang/

Welcome to TURKISH NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING INITIATIVE HOME PAGE NATO Advanced Study Institute on LANGUAGE ENGINEERING FOR LESSER-STUDIED LANGUAGES Center for Turkish Language and Speech Processing PROJECT INFORMATION Brief overview of Turkish Some additional info on Turkish and its history Synopsis Short Summary Paper (as postscript) Project Plan Document of the Turkish NLP Initiative Project (Warning ~ 80 page postscript file). PUBLICATIONS Papers Recent Theses on Turkish NLP MEMBERS Ilyas Cicekli Dilek Z. Hakkani Kemal Oflazer Kurtulus Yorulmaz ... Folks at METU Laboratory for Computational Studies of Language EVENTS FSMNLP'98 International Workshop on Finite State Methods in Natural Language Processing RESOURCES Turkish text "de-asciifier" Turkish Spell Corrector with QWERTY keyboard error model" Turkish Text-to-Speech for Windows'95 Rank Xerox Research Centre Finite State Home Page ... Morphologically Analyzed and Tagged Turkish Texts (and improved) version Turkish Texts: Please read the README file for further information. Computer Aided Turkish Tutor DRIP: Software for Learning Turkish MS-DOS Version or MacIntosh Version Aligned English Turkish Text Examples Turkish Morphological Analyzer Demo Turkish Spelling Corrector Demo ... Turkish Natural Language Processing Mailing List (e-mail addresses and links to home pages) NLP and Computational Linguistics Resources FUN Turkish words whose reverses are also Turkish words (about 30KB) Click here for a compressed version (about 9KB).

8. Turkish Language And Literature turkish language and Literature. Turkish belongs to the Altay branchof the UraloAltay linguistic family. Through the span of history http://www.mfa.gov.tr/grupc/cj/cja/literat1.htm

Turkish Language and Literature Turkish belongs to the Altay branch of the Uralo-Altay linguistic family. Through the span of history, Turks have spread over a wide geographical area, taking their language with them. Turkish speaking people have lived in a wide area stretching from today's Mongolia to the north coast of the Black Sea, the Balkans, East Europe, Anatolia, Iraq and a wide area of northern Africa. Due to the distances involved, various dialects and accents have emerged. The history of the language is divided into three main groups, old Turkish (from the 7th to the 13th centuries), mid-Turkish (from the 13th to the 20th) and new Turkish from the 20th century onwards. During the Ottoman Empire period Arabic and Persian words invaded the Turkish language and it consequently became mixed with three different languages. During the Ottoman period which spanned five centuries, the natural development of Turkish was severely hampered. Then there was the "new language" movement. In 1928, five years after the proclamation of the Republic, the Arabic alphabet was replaced by the Latin one, which in turn speeded up the movement to rid the language of foreign words. The Turkish Language Institute was established in 1932 to carry out linguistic research and contribute to the natural development of the language. As a consequence of these efforts, modern Turkish is a literary and cultural language developing naturally and free of foreign influences.

9. Turkish Embassy.org - Republic Of Turkey Brief overview from the Embassy of Turkey. http://www.turkishembassy.org/artculture/literature.htm

Home Literature Then there was the "new language" movement. In 1928, five years after the proclamation of the Republic, the Arabic alphabet was replaced by the Latin one, which in turn speeded up the movement to rid the language of foreign words. The Turkish Language Institute was established in 1932 to carry out linguistic research and contribute to the natural development of the language. As a consequence of these efforts, modern Turkish is a literary and cultural language developing naturally and free of foreign influences. The history of Turkish Literature may be divided into three periods, reflecting the history of Turkish civilization as follows: the period up to the adoption of Islam, the Islamic period and the period under western influence. go to top Link to More Information on Turkish Literature Download Poem: "Istanbul'u dinliyorum" by Orhan Veli 47sec - 795KB RealMedia Member of "

10. Language Study Abroad Programs: Turkish Overview Online courses to learn turkish language; includes listening exercises recorded by native speakers, http://action.edudirectories.com/sab_tango/sab_lang.taf?language=Turkish

11. Turkish Language Tips -- Learn Turkish Learn about the Turkish ( turkish ) Language (and Turkey turkey ) andbe entertained at the same time! Featuring Sounds of Specialty http://www2.egenet.com.tr/mastersj/tips-on-turkish.html

Home Table of Contents Comments Tips, Tipoffs, Tricks, Traps, Techniques, Curiosities, and Oddities... A veritable potpourri of useful and fun things to help you get this language to the mat. Or, things that will relax you while it eats you for lunch. Did we leave anything out? Ask for details about our *free* or full translation services A modest ... ands A modest Esta g furullah We paraphrase our giant-sized Redhouse Turkish to English Dictionary that gives the meaning of this tongue-twisting Turkish word as... Esta g furullah Don't mention it; don't say so; not at all And it's pronounced: eh-STAH-foo-rool-lah Around where we live it's used [modestly] by Person B in response to Person A 's expression of (excessive) thanks or (high) praise or by Person B in response to Person A 's self-critical remarks. For example... Person A : I can't thank you enough, Person B... You saved my life! Person B Esta g furullah , Person A. Don't mention it. I'm glad I could help... Ahmet : You speak Turkish like a native, Maureen... I'm very impressed. Maureen Esta g furullah , Ahmet...

12. Index Provides undergraduate and graduate programs. http://www.turkishliterature.boun.edu.tr/homepage.html

Turkish edebiyat@boun.edu.tr ... Phone: +90 212 358 15 40 (1656); Fax: +90 212 287 17 76 Announcements to TKL Students News from department News from other Turkology departments Click here to add announcement Department Address Search Catalog Search Search for online Articles Academic Staff Undergraduate M.A. Ph.D. ... Address search for Turkish Language and Literature departments and scholars Scholars studying on Turkish Language and Literature click here to add your e-mail and address Catalog search for M.A. and Ph.D.dissertations, articles and books in Turkish Language and Literature Click here for 2002 data sending forms Project members Click here to access the scholars' cirrucila vitae, list of publications and on-line articles. Links Related links on Turkish language and literature since September 1, 2001 Designed by Cemal Demircioðlu demircce@boun.edu.tr

13. The Turkish Language Dozens of turkish language related products and information including Tutorials, Movies, Dictionaries, System, Fonts, and much more at WorldLanguage.com turkish language. Products Introduction Writing Sample Translation Sound Samples http://www.mfa.gov.tr/grupc/ca/caf

Printer Friendly Version The Turkish Language The Turkish language is spread over a large geographical area in Europe and Asia; recent studies show that this language goes back 5500 years,and perhaps even 8500. At the same time, it is one of the most widely spoken tongues in the world - the sixth most widely spoken , to be precise. It is spoken in the Azeri, the Türkmen, the Tartar, the Uzbek, the Baskurti, the Nogay, the Kyrgyz, the Kazakh, the Yakuti, the Cuvas and other dialects. Turkish belongs to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages, and thus is closely related to Mongolian, Manchu-Tungus, Korean, and perhaps Japanese. Some scholars have maintained that these resemblances are not fundamental, but rather the result of borrowings, however comparative Altaistic studies in recent years demonstrate that the languages we have listed all go back to a common Ur-Altaic. Turkish is a very ancient language, with a flawless phonetic, morphological and syntactic structure, and at the same time possesses a wealth of vocabulary. The fundamental features which distinguish the Ural-Altaic languages from the Indo-European are as follows: Vowel harmony, a feature of all Ural-Altaic tongues.

14. Turkish Language And Literature Page Education in TR turkish language Literature Government Sites Send EMail. TurkishLanguage and Literature. Turkish Proverbs and Folk Sayings/Turk Atasozleri. http://www.columbia.edu/~sss31/Turkiye/literature.html

Turkey at a Glance Geography Resources Economy ... Turks on the Web Turks in the USA and Canada: [ (A-L) (M-Z) Turkish Faculty Members on the Web Turks in Overseas ... /Humor Page Turkish Information Center /Danisma Merkezi Atat rk in Pictures News/Haberler : Magazines, Newspapers/TV Sports Pages Business and Economics Business Directory Travel Info ... Flags and Logos Index [ All images Logos Misc. TR Related Web Pages ... Unorganized Links All Turkish Pages Together Home Page Dr. SSS Home Page Dr. SSS Personal Page Send E-Mail Turkish Language and Literature Turkish Proverbs and Folk Sayings/Turk Atasozleri Turkish Language and Literature -by the Turkish Embassy in Washington, DC. Turkce Atasozleri Masters of Turkish Poetry (in Turkish) - Turk Siir Ustalari by Handan Oz. Turkish Poetry Home Page (in Turkey). Turkish Poetry Home Page - by Okan Gezer Siir Sayfasi Turkish Poetry Home Page - Siir SayfalarI - A large collection of poems organized by Sibel Adali. Sairlerin alfabetik listesi Sairlerin alfabetik listesi (Frame) Turkish poems in Turkish ``I, ORHAN VELI'' ... Documents about Turkish Language and Turkish Literature From Ahmet Arif to Yunus Emre.

15. LcsL Home Page Research institute at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, Turkey. Staff profiles, publications archive, tools, and current projects including a corpus of the turkish language. http://www.lcsl.metu.edu.tr/

Laboratory for the LcsL Computational Studies METU of Language T he goal of LcsL is to promote and conduct interdisciplinary research in computer science, computational linguistics, cognitive science, and linguistics. We are located at Computer Engineering Department of Middle East Technical University , room A301. People Home pages and contact information. Research Current research topics in LcsL. Publications Papers, reports, theses ... Projects Sponsored research in LcsL. Events Seminars, colloquia on CogSci, CS, NLP, Logic... Tools Tools (and manuals) we use and/or develop. Lab's library On-line search for what's available in the lab. METU library On-line search for what's available at METU. Services FTP server of the lab. Links of interest CS, AI, Ling, CogSci, CL/NLP resources; summer schools ... Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey. tel : +90-(312)210-5545/5548 fax : +90-(312)210-1259 email: x@LcsL.metu.edu.tr

16. Middle East Studies - Turkish Language Department home. turkish language. Alternative Turkish Dictionary (HansChristianHolm) Not for those easily offended. turkish language (A. Raci Ulusoy). http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/mideast/cuvlm/turkish.html

Middle East Studies Internet Resources Mideast Studies Email: mideast @libraries.cul.columbia.edu Middle East Studies Internet Resources home WWW Virtual Library ... Department home Turkish Language Alternative Turkish Dictionary (Hans-Christian Holm) [Not for those easily offended] (Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition, Univ. of Minnesota) Islamic language resources (Muslim Students Association, Univ. of Buffalo) Learning practical Turkish (SOTA, Research Centre for Turkestan and Azerbaijan) (Turkish Natural Language Processing Iniative) Turkish Language (A. Raci Ulusoy) Turkish Language: a brief Overview (Turkish Natural Language Processisng Initiative) (Turkey. Ministry of Foreign Affairs) Turkish Language Computing (Academic Computing Facility, New York University) Turkish Natural Language Processing Initiative Turkish Profile (Language Materials Project, UCLA) Last update: 01/23/01

17. Turkish Language Translator Native Turkish translator specializing in business and legal documents has 36 years of government (Turkish), business (Turkish, U.S) and international (World Bank, International Monetary Fund) experience. http://redirect-west.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.turkishlanguagetranslator.co

18. Turkish Language turkish language Translator. turkish language. Explore the treasureof a centuriesold language turkish language and Literature Sources http://www.turkishlanguagetranslator.com/turkish_language.htm

Turkish Language Translator Turkish Language Explore the treasure of a centuries-old language spoken by more than 300 million people around the world Home Türkçe Turkish Translations Translation Subjects ... About/Contact Me Turkish Language and Literature Sources Turkish Language and Literature (by Ministry of Foreign Affairs) Turkish language (Europe and Asia) Turkish Language Annotation of Internet Pathology Image Archive Center for Turkish Language and Speech Processing (by Bilkent University) ... Discover Turkey: Language Learn Turkish: Learning Turkish is Fun! Turkish Fonts Free download win311 For Windows 95/98/2000 and XP "Free" Instant Quote by Phone: Call: 703-624-7499 Fax: 703-726-3940 Click Here for "Free" Instant Quote by Email Contact Me for a "Free" Quotation ... Contact Me for a "Free" Quotation ... Birth Certificates Marriage Certificates Driver's Licenses Diplomas Graduation Letters Transcripts Academic Credentials Legal Contracts L Tender/Procurement Documents Press Releases N ewsletters Training Courses Catalogues/Brochures Annual Reports F inancial Statements Academic Literature Handbooks/ Manuals Web Sites/Pages T ourism Documents and more.

19. OnlineTurkish.com - Learn Turkish - Turkish Language Education - Online Dictiona Trial lessons for online course; includes listening exercises recorded by native speakers, pronunciation Category Science Social Sciences Altaic Turkic Turkish......Online courses to learn turkish language; includes listening exercises recordedby native speakers, online dictionary, pronunciation guide, vocabulary and http://www.onlineturkish.com/

Home Page Introduction From The Author History Of Turkish Language Turkish Alphabet ... Visitors since June 25/2002 Start Learning Turkish Today! Let’s say “ Hello! ” to new people! Merhaba! Let’s say “I love you!” to new people! Seni seviyorum! Let’s say “How are you?” to new people! Nasýlsýnýz? Hagia Sofia Interior A great resource for everyone interested in studying Turkish, OnlineTurkish.com offers FREE TRIAL LESSONS listening exercises, online dictionary, Turkish Phrase Book and useful links. Click on the links to find out the best way to learn Turkish online! 7 unit course is only instead of $40! Buy now! Upon purchasing, you will have access to 245 page course (includes all 7 units) which teaches an extended targeted vocabulary together with special testing patterns. You can also print your own vocabulary for handy reference which contains 2100 Turkish words and 5200 counterparts in English It is FREE 100 pages with sounds includes glossary and helpful expressions both English and Turkish. With a click button you will hear native speakers and learn thousands of phrases used in daily life in Turkish.

20. Discover Turkey: Reading Room turkish language Literature Turkish Fonts Turkish Natural Language ProcessingInitiativeTurkish texts;Turkish software; Morphology; Turkish NLP; http://www.turkishnews.com/DiscoverTurkey/reading/

Discover Turkey Culture: International Children's Day@ Turkish Carpets@ Turkish Coffee Istanbul International Music Festival ... Turkish Theatre by Volkan Hatem Theater in Turkey State Theater - Devlet Tiyatrolari Turkish Cinema by Nezih Erdogan Turkish Cinema Opera and Ballet in Turkey Karagoz-Turkish Shadow Theater by Vedat Guclu Diker Turkish Folklore Turkish Style (History and Tradition, Ottoman Splendors, Traditional Houses, Contemporary residences) Art Turkish Painting Turkish Miniatures Decorative Arts Turkish Architecture ... Art of Illumination in Turkiye by Handan Oz Turkish Sculpture Istanbul Museum of Painting and Sculpture Paintings by Culculoglu Turkish Language@ ... Turkish for Travellers by M.C. Martin Learning Practical Turkish by Jim Masters Learn about the Turkish Language and be entertained at the same time! Turkish Language and Literature Software to learn Turkish: MS-DOS Macintosh Dartmouth Turkish Language Resources Turkish Natural Language Processing Initiative Turkish texts;Turkish software; Morphology; Turkish NLP Pandora Bookshop The Globe Corner Bookstore Books and Maps for the Traveller Earth Words Turkish Fonts Turkish Fonts Turkish Fonts Anatolia and Ancient Cities Anatolian Civilizations (this even lists the historical sites which are easy to rob!)

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