1. Turkmenistan Government Links turkmenistan government LINKS. http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/turkmenistan/links/government.shtml

Eurasia Insight Analysis of current affairs Deals, Developments, and Trends Environment Hazards and Solutions Expert and Observer Interviews Culture News, Book Reviews, and Photo Essays Human Rights Monitoring and Actions Recaps Summaries of Expert Meetings Election Watch Results and Analysis Discussion Forums East of Magnum An Online Photo Exhibition EurasiaNet Partners Contributing Sites Grants and Employment Opportunities in Central Eurasia Search EurasiaNet Eurasia Policy Forum Drug Policy, HIV/AIDS and the Public Health Crisis in Central Asia Caspian Revenue Watch TURKMENISTAN GOVERNMENT LINKS Departments Ministry of Communications of Turkmenistan The President of Turkmenistan Embassies and Consulates Embassy of Turkmenistan in Washington, DC

2. Turkmenistan Government - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Reso turkmenistan government. Country name conventional long form none http://www.photius.com/wfb/wfb1999/turkmenistan/turkmenistan_government.html

Geography People Government Economy Communicat's Transportation Military ... [TOP] Turkmenistan Government Country name: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turkmenistan local long form: none local short form: Turkmenistan former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Data code: TX Government type: republic Capital: Ashgabat Administrative divisions: note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses) Independence: 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union) National holiday: Independence Day, 27 October (1991) Constitution: adopted 18 May 1992 Legal system: based on civil law system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: head of government: cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president note: NIYAZOV has been asked by various local groups, most recently on 21 December 1998 at the Second Congress of the Democratic Party, to be "president for life," but he has declined, saying the status would require an amendment to the constitution elections: election results: Legislative branch: under the 1992 constitution, there are two parliamentary bodies, a unicameral People's Council or Halk Maslahaty (more than 100 seats, some of which are elected by popular vote and some of which are appointed; meets infrequently) and a unicameral Assembly or Majlis (50 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

3. Governments On The WWW: Turkmenistan Governments on the WWW Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan . Official languageTurkmen. National Institutions Ministry of Communications. http://www.gksoft.com/govt/en/tm.html

Governments on the WWW: Turkmenistan Home Table of Contents List of Countries Signs and Symbols ... Feedback Turkmenistan [ ] Official language: Turkmen National Institutions: Ministry of Communications Representations in Foreign Countries: Embassy of Turkmenistan in Washington, United States of America Additional Information: General Information: The World Factbook (by the CIA) Atlapedia Online (by Latimer Clarke Corporation) Information Please: Countries of the World (by Information Please LLC) Political Information: Elections around the world (by Wilfried Derksen) Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members (by the CIA) Political Leaders World Statesmen (by Benjamin Cahoon) Political Resources on the Net (by Roberto Cicciomessere) The Political Reference Almanac (by Keynote Publishing Co.) Information from Encyclopedias: Columbia Encyclopedia (by Columbia University Press) Touristic Information: World Travel Guide (by Columbus Publishing Ltd.) Lonely Planet Destinations (by Lonely Planet Publications) Atevo Travel Destinations (by Atevo, Inc.) Information on Human Rights: Amnesty International Publications (by Amnesty International) Freedom in the World (by Freedom House, Inc.)

4. EurasiaNet Human Rights - Turkmenistan: Government Further Tightens Control Over turkmenistan government Further Tightens Control Over Travel, Opposition, Media news and analysis about Central Asia and the Caucasus. http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/rights/articles/pp020803.shtml

Eurasia Insight Analysis of current affairs Deals, Developments, and Trends Environment Hazards and Solutions Expert and Observer Interviews Culture News, Book Reviews, and Photo Essays Human Rights Monitoring and Actions Recaps Summaries of Expert Meetings Election Watch Results and Analysis Discussion Forums East of Magnum An Online Photo Exhibition EurasiaNet Partners Contributing Sites Grants and Employment Opportunities in Central Eurasia Search EurasiaNet Eurasia Policy Forum Drug Policy, HIV/AIDS and the Public Health Crisis in Central Asia Caspian Revenue Watch HUMAN RIGHTS TURKMENISTAN: GOVERNMENT FURTHER TIGHTENS CONTROL OVER TRAVEL, OPPOSITION, MEDIA Antoine Blua: 2/08/03 A EurasiaNet Partner Post from RFE/RL Turkmen President Saparmurat Niyazov recently signed a resolution passed by the National Assembly, the country’s highest legislative body, that defines the term "high treason."

5. Turkmenistan Government 2000 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural turkmenistan government 2000 Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, NaturalResources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social http://www.photius.com/wfb2000/countries/turkmenistan/turkmenistan_government.ht

1999 INDEX 1996 INDEX Introduction Geography ... Population Government Economy Communicat's Transportation Military ... [TOP] Turkmenistan Government 2000 Country name: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turkmenistan local long form: none local short form: Turkmenistan former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Data code: TX Government type: republic Capital: Ashgabat Administrative divisions: 5 welayatlar (singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Nebitdag), Dashhowuz Welayaty (formerly Tashauz), Lebap Welayaty (Charjew), Mary Welayaty note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses) Independence: 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union) National holiday: Independence Day, 27 October (1991) Constitution: adopted 18 May 1992 Legal system: based on civil law system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat NIYAZOV (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occurred); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat NIYAZOV (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occurred); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

6. Commercial Overview Of Turkmenistan CHAPTER 6 SELECTED turkmenistan government LEADERS. President. (According to the Turkmen constitution, the President http://www.bisnis.doc.gov/bisnis/country/000331txccoPart6.htm

CHAPTER 6: SELECTED TURKMENISTAN GOVERNMENT LEADERS President (According to the Turkmen constitution, the President serves as the de facto head of the cabinet.) Saparmurad A. Niyazov Tel: Head of President's Office Tel: Deputy Director of President's Office Tel: Press Coordinator Tel: Ministry of Economics and Finance Minister Matkarim Rajapov Borodinskaya Street, no. 2 744000 Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Tel: Fax: 993 (12) 25-65-11 or 29-31-49 Ministry of Foreign Affairs Foreign Minister Boris Shikmuradov Prospekt Lenina, no. 11 Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Tel: Ministry of Oil and Gas Industry and Mineral Resources Minister Redzjepbai Arazov 28 Gogolia St. Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Tel: Fax: State Agency for Foreign Investment Mr. Yolly Gurbanmuradov Director 53 Azadi Street Ashgabat, Turkmenistan 74400 Tel: 993 (12) 35-02-31 or 35-03-18 Fax: 993 (12) 35-04-15 Ministry of Trade and Foreign Economic Relations Minister Khalnazar Agakhanov Pervomayskovo Street, no. 1 744000 Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Tel: Fax: State Commodity and Raw Materials Exchange Chairman Ishankuli Gulmuradov Magtumguly Street #111 Ashgabat, Turkmenistan

7. Turkmenistan: Government Further Tightens Control Over Travel, Opposition, Media mail icon Email this article to a friend turkmenistan government FurtherTightens Control Over Travel, Opposition, Media. By Antoine Blua. http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2003/02/07022003184444.asp

Email this article to a friend Turkmenistan: Government Further Tightens Control Over Travel, Opposition, Media By Antoine Blua Turkmen President Saparmurat Niyazov is being accused by international observers of continuing a harsh crackdown on his opponents and of stepping up border security following a failed assassination attempt against him last November. RFE/RL looks at the latest developments. Prague, 7 February 2003 (RFE/RL) Turkmen President Saparmurat Niyazov this week signed a resolution passed by the National Assembly, the country's highest legislative body, that defines the term "high treason." Turkmen newspapers printed a list of the crimes that are now considered treasonous, including an assassination attempt on the president, an attempted coup, the revelation of state secrets, abuse of power, and attempts by officials to sow doubt about the president's domestic or foreign policies. People found guilty of high treason, the resolution adds, face life in prison and are exempt from amnesty, a postponed sentencing, parole, or a transfer to a penitentiary with a less strict regime. Aaron Rhodes, executive director of the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights in Vienna, told RFE/RL that this resolution is consistent with other recent crackdowns by the Turkmen government and further reveals its totalitarian character. "What one can see there is that all the definitions are very imprecise. And imprecise definitions are always favored by totalitarian regimes, because they allow those regimes to apply laws in an arbitrary manner, so that officials and those in power can make decisions about what they want to do with other people and not be constrained by the law. It's the kind of rule of law that is completely contrary to the notion of the rule of law because of its imprecision and its vagueness. It's a frightening law, I think, because what it shows is that no one is safe in that country," Rhodes said.

8. Turkmenistan: Government Forcibly Relocating Uzbeks Away From Border mail icon Email this article to a friend turkmenistan government ForciblyRelocating Uzbeks Away from Border. By Bruce Pannier. The http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2003/01/15012003174037.asp

Email this article to a friend Turkmenistan: Government Forcibly Relocating Uzbeks Away from Border By Bruce Pannier The president of Turkmenistan has ordered the forced relocation of ethnic Uzbeks living along the Turkmen border with Uzbekistan. With relations between Ashgabat and Tashkent at an all-time low, Turkmenistan is using a decree on the relocation of unspecified "unworthy people" to force ethnic Uzbeks from its border region. Prague, 15 January 2003 (RFE/RL) The Turkmen government is forcibly relocating part of its ethnic Uzbek population based along Turkmenistan's border with Uzbekistan. Turkmen President Saparmurat Niyazov reminded officials earlier this month that he wanted so-called "unworthy people" moved away from the Uzbek border area and replaced by ethnic Turkmen. The issue first surfaced in November, when Niyazov announced his decree on relocating "unworthy people" away from three southeastern regions along the Uzbek border. The decree did not originally appear to target ethnic Uzbeks specifically, but has been used to force their ouster since they came under suspicion following the reported assassination plot against Niyazov on 25 November. One Uzbek woman living in Uzbekistan recently visited her relatives across the Turkmen border. The woman, who declined to give her name fearing for the security of her kin, told RFE/RL's Uzbek Service about her impressions of who, in Turkmenistan, is "unworthy" to live by the Uzbek border: "The people [the Turkmen government] consider unworthy or inappropriate are Uzbeks living in Turkmenistan. If they are Uzbek citizens or it's in their [Turkmen] passports that they are ethnic Uzbeks, they are separating them, trying to keep them from being in contact with their relatives [across the border]. They are considered unworthy [to live by the border]."

9. Turkmenistan Government 1995 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural turkmenistan government 1995 Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, NaturalResources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social http://www.immigration-usa.com/wfb/1995/turkmenistan/turkmenistan_government.htm

MAIN INDEX Country Ranks Geography People Government Economy Transportation Communications Military ... [TOP] Turkmenistan Government 1995 http://www.theodora.com/wfb/1995/turkmenistan/turkmenistan_government.html SOURCE: 1995 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: local long form: Tiurkmenostan Respublikasy local short form: former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Digraph: TX Type: republic Capital: Ashgabat Administrative divisions: 5 welayatlar (singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Nebitdag), Dashhowuz Welayaty (formerly Tashauz), Lebap Welayaty (Charjew), Mary Welayaty note: names in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs from welayat name Independence: 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union) National holiday: Independence Day, 27 October (1991) Constitution: adopted 18 May 1992 Legal system: based on civil law system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Saparmurad NIYAZOV (since NA October 1990); election last held 21 June 1992 (next to be held NA 2002); results - Saparmurad NIYAZOV 99.5% (ran unopposed); note - a 15 January 1994 referendum extended NIYAZOV's term an additional five years until 2002 (99.99% approval)

10. Press Release - Turkmenistan: Government Must Seek Justice Not Revenge AI Index EUR 61/005/2002 Publish date 26 November 2002 Amnesty Internationalbelieves that any action the government of Turkmenistan takes to bring to http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/2002/turkmenistan11262002.html

Previous Page Amnesty International . You may download and read it. You may not alter this information, repost or sell it without permission. If you use this document, you are encouraged to make a donation to Amnesty International to support future research and campaigning. Please contact your nearest AI office Turkmenistan Government Must Seek Justice Not Revenge AI Index: EUR 61/005/2002 Publish date: 26 November 2002 Amnesty International believes that any action the government of Turkmenistan takes to bring to justice those involved in yesterday's assassination attempt on President Saparmurad Niyazov must strictly abide by international human rights law. "Precisely at times of heightened tensions governments must ensure that all measures taken are in accordance with international human rights law. We are particularly concerned that the government's response to the assassination attempt may lead to a new wave of clampdown on dissent in Turkmenistan", Amnesty International said. Amnesty International received worrying reports that many people have been detained following yesterday's events. According to official figures issued today, 16 people were detained. Unofficial sources reportedly claimed that more than one hundred people have been detained.

11. Turkmenistan Government Further Tightens Control Over Travel, Opposition, Media turkmenistan government Further Tightens Control Over Travel, Opposition, Mediaby Antoine Blua RFE/RL, 02/07/03 http//www.rferl.org/nca/features/2003/02 http://www.gundogar.org/enpages/en141.htm

http://www.gundogar.org gundogar@gundogar.org Turkmenistan Government Further Tightens Control Over Travel, Opposition, Media by Antoine Blua RFE/RL, 02/07/03 http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2003/02/07022003184444.asp Turkmen President Saparmurat Niyazov this week signed a resolution passed by the National Assembly, the country's highest legislative body, that defines the term "high treason." Turkmen newspapers printed a list of the crimes that are now considered treasonous, including an assassination attempt on the president, an attempted coup, the revelation of state secrets, abuse of power, and attempts by officials to sow doubt about the president's domestic or foreign policies. People found guilty of high treason, the resolution adds, face life in prison and are exempt from amnesty, a postponed sentencing, parole, or a transfer to a penitentiary with a less strict regime. Aaron Rhodes, executive director of the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights in Vienna, told RFE/RL that this resolution is consistent with other recent crackdowns by the Turkmen government and further reveals its totalitarian character. "What one can see there is that all the definitions are very imprecise. And imprecise definitions are always favored by totalitarian regimes, because they allow those regimes to apply laws in an arbitrary manner, so that officials and those in power can make decisions about what they want to do with other people and not be constrained by the law. It's the kind of rule of law that is completely contrary to the notion of the rule of law because of its imprecision and its vagueness. It's a frightening law, I think, because what it shows is that no one is safe in that country," Rhodes said.

12. 1Up Travel > Turkmenistan Government - Facts On Government Of Turkmenistan Is He Wanted to find out info about Government of Turkmenistan with respect to Countryname, Data code, Dependency status, Government type, Capital, Administrative http://www.1uptravel.com/international/asia/turkmenistan/government.html

Flags Maps Sightseeing Travel Warnings ... Travel Reservations and Bookings More Categories Introduction Topography Local Life Local Cuisine Local Holidays Festivals-Events Embassies Administration News Stand Worth a See !! Sight Seeing Maps Flags Shopping Eating Out Recreation Travel Essentials Country Facts Geography People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military Search 1Up Travel You are here 1Up Travel Countries of the World Asia Turkmenistan ADVERTISEMENT Country Country Facts Introduction Geography People Government ... Transnational issues Related Country Guide Detailed Maps Hotel Database Country Flag ... Travel Warning GOVERNMENT Turkmenistan Government Top of Page Country name: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turkmenistan local long form: none local short form: Turkmenistan former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Government type: republic Capital: Ashgabat Administrative divisions: 5 welayatlar (singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Nebitdag), Dashhowuz Welayaty (formerly Tashauz), Lebap Welayaty (Charjew), Mary Welayaty note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses) Independence: 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union) National holiday: Independence Day, 27 October (1991)

13. Amnesty International - Library - Turkmenistan: Government Must Seek Justice Not format AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL Public Statement AI Index EUR 61/005/2002 (Public)News Service No 216 26 November 2002 turkmenistan government must seek http://web.amnesty.org/ai.nsf/Index/EUR610052002?OpenDocument&of=COUNTRIES\TURKM

14. Turkmenistan Government 2001 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural turkmenistan government 2001 Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, NaturalResources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/turkmenistan/turkmenistan_government.html

2000 INDEX 1999 INDEX 1998 INDEX 1996 INDEX ... People Government Gov. Leaders Economy Communications Transportation ... [TOP] Turkmenistan Government 2001 http://www.photius.com/wfb2001/turkmenistan/turkmenistan_government.html SOURCE: 2001 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK Country name: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turkmenistan local long form: none local short form: Turkmenistan former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Government type: republic Capital: Ashgabat Administrative divisions: 5 welayatlar (singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Nebitdag), Dashhowuz Welayaty (formerly Tashauz), Lebap Welayaty (Charjew), Mary Welayaty note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses) Independence: 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union) National holiday: Independence Day, 27 October (1991) Constitution: adopted 18 May 1992 Legal system: based on civil law system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

15. Turkmenistan Government 2002 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural turkmenistan government 2002 Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, NaturalResources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social http://www.greekorthodoxchurch.org/wfb2002/turkmenistan/turkmenistan_government.

2002 INDEX Country Ranks DEFINITIONS Introduction ... History Government Gov. Leaders Flags Economy Communications ... [TOP] Turkmenistan Government - 2002 http://www.greekorthodoxchurch.org/wfb2002/turkmenistan/turkmenistan_government.html SOURCE: 2002 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK Country name conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turkmenistan local long form: none former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic local short form: Turkmenistan Government type republic Capital Ashgabat Administrative divisions 5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dasoguz Welayaty, Labap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses) Independence 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union) National holiday Independence Day, 27 October (1991) Constitution adopted 18 May 1992 Legal system based on civil law system Suffrage 18 years of age; universal

16. Turkmenistan Government 1998 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural turkmenistan government 1998 Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, NaturalResources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social http://www.greekorthodoxchurch.org/wfb1998/turkmenistan/turkmenistan_government.

2001 INDEX 2000 INDEX 1999 INDEX 1997 INDEX ... People Government Economy Communications Transportation Military ... [TOP] Turkmenistan Government 1998 http://www.greekorthodoxchurch.org/wfb1998/turkmenistan/turkmenistan_government.html SOURCE: 1998 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK Country name conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turkmenistan local long form: none local short form: Turkmenistan former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Data code TX Government type republic National capital Ashgabat Administrative divisions 5 welayatlar (singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Nebitdag), Dashhowuz Welayaty (formerly Tashauz), Lebap Welayaty (Charjew), Mary Welayaty note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses) Independence 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union) National holiday Independence Day, 27 October (1991) Constitution adopted 18 May 1992 Legal system based on civil law system Suffrage 18 years of age; universal

17. Turkmenistan, Turkmenistan Geography, Turkmenistan People, Turkmenistan Governme Turkmenistan, Turkmenistan geography, Turkmenistan people, turkmenistan government,Turkmenistan economy, Turkmenistan communication, Turkmenistan http://zhenghe.tripod.com/t/turkmenistan/

NOTE!!! The 2003 Edition of My World Atlas is now underway. Come back often, as many new features will be added. As always, My World Atlas contains more information than the CIA World Factbook!!! Please Note: Due to open heart surgery, there was no 2002 version of My World Atlas. If you would like to help support the Atlas (and help me with some medical bills) click on the box to the right to donate a dollar or more towards maintaining this site. Thank-you. SITE NAVIGATION HOME COUNTRIES A-D COUNTRIES E-K COUNTRIES L-R ... ADD YOURSELF TO THE ATLAS! COUNTRY NAVIGATION INTRODUCTION GEOGRAPHY PEOPLE GOVERNMENT ... LETTERS AND PICTURES Turkmenistan former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Be a part of the atlas. Click here for details! var site="sm2dreamthedream" zhenghe @one-planet.org INTRODUCTION Background: Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1925. It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. President NIYAZOV retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves could prove a boon to this underdeveloped country if extraction and delivery projects can be worked out. TOP OF PAGE GEOGRAPHY Location: Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan

18. Turkmenistan, Turkmenistan Government, Turkmenistan Economy none conventional short formTurkmenistan local long formnone local short formTurkmenistanformerTurkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Government type republic http://zhenghe.tripod.com/t/turkmenistan/facts2.html

NOTE!!! The 2003 Edition of My World Atlas is now underway. Come back often, as many new features will be added. As always, My World Atlas contains more information than the CIA World Factbook!!! Please Note: Due to open heart surgery, there was no 2002 version of My World Atlas. If you would like to help support the Atlas (and help me with some medical bills) click on the box to the right to donate a dollar or more towards maintaining this site. Thank-you. SITE NAVIGATION HOME COUNTRIES A-D COUNTRIES E-K COUNTRIES L-R ... ADD YOURSELF TO THE ATLAS! COUNTRY NAVIGATION INTRODUCTION GEOGRAPHY PEOPLE GOVERNMENT ... LETTERS AND PICTURES Turkmenistan former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Be a part of the atlas. Click here for details! var site="sm2dreamthedream" zhenghe @one-planet.org GOVERNMENT Country name: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turkmenistan local long form: none local short form: Turkmenistan former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Government type: republic Capital: Ashgabat Administrative divisions: 5 welayatlar (singular: welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Nebitdag), Dashhowuz Welayaty (formerly Tashauz), Lebap Welayaty (Charjew), Mary Welayaty

19. Demise Of Private Internet Provider Results In Turkmenistan Government Monopoly Demise of private Internet provider results in turkmenistan governmentmonopoly. With the shutdown of the last independent Internet http://www.ijnet.org/Archive/2000/10/20-8157.html

Search Site for In CEE/NIS Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Estonia Georgia Hungary Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Macedonia Moldova Mongolia Poland Romania Russia Slovakia Slovenia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Yugoslavia News Archive Training Archive This site is sponsored by the Open Society Institute The Freedom Forum and friends of ICFJ. Demise of private Internet provider results in Turkmenistan government monopoly With the shutdown of the last independent Internet service provider, the government of Turkmenistan has created a monopoly for its own Turkmentelekom service, according to a report by EurasiaNet, an on-line publication covering Eurasia. The last private Internet provider to close was Ariana, which had quickly become the dominant provider with nearly 350 customers, compared to the paltry 100 signed up by the government’s Turkmentelekom, according to the EurasiaNet report by Beatrice Hogan, a journalist with an expertise in Central Asian affairs. Ariana also provided free service to nongovernmental organizations in Turkmenistan, since 1997.

20. The Information Analytical Centre Dogry Yol Turkmenistan : : Turkmenistan: Gover Situation in Turkmenistan. turkmenistan government Forcibly Relocating UzbeksAway from Border. 15.01.2003 Author Bruce Pannier Source rferl.org. http://www.dogryyol.com/eng/print.php?article=203

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