1. Africa's Legacy had amorous liaisons with the indigenous peoples and to a and Oaxaca, the descendantsof africa's children still see themselves as Mandinga, wolof, Ibo, Bakongo http://educate.si.edu/migrations/legacy/almleg.html

Africa's Legacy in Mexico A Legacy of Slavery "Barber Shop," Pinotepa Nacional, Oaxaca, Mexico, 1990 A LEGACY OF SLAVERY Colin A. Palmer W hen I arrived in Mexico about two decades ago to begin research on the early history of Africans and their descendants there, a young student politely told me that I was embarking on a wild goose chase. Mexico had never imported slaves from Africa, he said, fully certain that the nation's peoples of African descent were relatively recent arrivals. This lack of knowledge about Mexico's African peoples has not changed much over time. A short while ago a Mexican engineer, himself of African descent, told me adamantly that the country's blacks were the descendants of escaped slaves from North America and Cuba. These fugitives, he proudly proclaimed, had sought and found sanctuary in free Mexico. The historical record, of course, tells another story. In the sixteenth century, New Spainas Mexico was then calledprobably had more enslaved Africans than any other colony in the Western Hemisphere. Blacks were present as slaves of the Spaniards as early as the 1520s. Over the approximately three hundred years it lasted, the slave trade brought about 200,000 Africans to the colony. Many blacks were born in Mexico and followed their parents into slavery. Not until 1829 was the institution abolished by the leaders of the newly independent nation. "Man & Canoe," Corralero, Oaxaca, Mexico, 1987

2. Indigenous Knowledge - Home Page - Africa Region - The World Bank first local language site in wolof was officially of the disease, the Bank's AfricaRegion indigenous Collaborative management and indigenous peoples management http://www.worldbank.org/afr/ik/newsflsh.htm

IK News Archives Upcoming Events Biodiversity and biotechnology and the protection of traditional knowledge, St. Louis, USA, Spring 2003 The event will focus on the agricultural and plant aspects of the biotech revolution, including its impact on the protection of biodiversity; with particular attention to the protection of traditional knowledge and other intellectual property mechanisms of interest to the developing world. 5th European colloquium on ethno-pharmacology, Valencia, Spain, 8-10 May 2003 The main themes are indigenous knowledge and practices related to curative natural products, uses of medicinal plants and scientific studies of their diffusion. theme: "Traditional Healing & HIV/AIDS" will take place at Hotel Meridien President, Dakar, Senegal, West Africa in July 20-21, 2004. The conference is being organized in association with the Government of the Republic of Senegal and ENDA TM. Additional information can be found on the Africa First website.

3. University Of Wisconsin-Madison African Studies Program africa's Legacy in Mexico What Is a Mexican? "Virgin of the Canes " Corralero, Oaxaca, Mexico, 1987 WHAT IS A MEXICAN? Miriam Jimenez Roman Black people in Mexico? As indigenous peoples were killed or died africa's children still bear the evidence of their ancestry. No longer do they see themselves as Mandinga, wolof, Ibo, http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/afrst/links.html

African Studies Program University of Wisconsin-Madison The ASP website has been redesigned and our links page has moved to: http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/afrst/links/ Please update your links. Your browser will be automatically redirected to our new page or click on the link above. Thank you.

4. Indigenous Knowledge Links site is available in English, Portuguese, French, Swahili and wolof. in the fieldof IK in South africa. that aims to extend to indigenous peoples and local http://www.scidev.net/dossiers/indigenous_knowledge/iklinks.html

DOSSIER Indigenous Knowledge Home PLEASE REGISTER HERE Readers' Comments Key Documents ... Indigenous Knowledge Homepage Indigenous knowledge: links Centre for Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge (CBIK) The Centre for Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge (CBIK) is an NGO based in Kunming (China) dedicated to conserving nature and culture. CBIK promotes socially equitable and environmentally sound development in mountainous areas of southwest China that are inhabited by ethnic minorities. The website includes links, articles and notices of events. Centre for International Ethnomedicinal Education and Research (CIEER) The Centre for International Ethnomedicinal Education and Research is nonprofit educational and research organisation that aims establish a focal point for the exchange of ethnomedicinal knowledge and an international network of ethnobotanical researchers. The website offers links to bibliographies, publications, research projects and events. COMPAS: newsletter for endogenous development COMPAS is an international network for the enhancement of endogenous development. The Compas Magazine is published twice a year. Recent issues have discussed how biological and cultural diversity and the sustainable management of natural resources can be enhanced by building on indigenous knowledge systems and local leadership. Consortium for Indigenous Crop Protection (CICP) This website, run by Oregon State University, offers three databases with information about indigenous crop protection practices in sub-Saharan East Africa. One covers the status and significance of indigenous crop protection; the second is a register of natural and traditional crop protection products; and the third is a bibliographic database of worldwide literature on indigenous pest control practices and natural products.

5. Africa indigenous Minority peoples' views of language; an homage to the life of languages in the words of the people who speak them. http://www.pff.net/projects/projafr.htm

Frontier Peoples in Africa (GIVING STATUS E = expandable C = capped) Project Descriptions #E-040060 Afar, Ethiopia, CG #E-040060 Afar Country Ethiopia CG EECMY None Islam pffnet-afar @yahoogroups.com Afar is a state in northeast Ethiopia with a population of 1.1 million, almost all of whom are members of the Afar tribe. They are 99.2% Muslim. In 1994 only 2.7% of the people attended school. Even today many are nomadic animal herders. Our PCUSA partner church in Ethiopia, The Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY), has had contacts with these people since 1990, including bringing education to some of them. Some of the region's government officials received their own education through the EECMY, and are now asking the EECMY to help their people with services such as veterinary, literacy, water, grinding mills, tree nursery and hostel works. The PCUSA has partnered with the EECMY to undertake these opportunities in a careful and sensitive way as part of a holistic ministry. Already some Afar people have responded to the Gospel. Our funding helps train literacy workers who witness to Christ through word and deeds. We also provide materials to help with their work. (KV) #E-040019 Dawro, Ethiopia

6. Senegalese Education Fund Library - Children's Selections From Africa children to explore the wildlife and indigenous peoples of africa. each story, a mapof africa, and a Folktales from the Gambia wolof Fictional Narratives by http://sefproject.tripod.com/html/library-kids.html

SEF Home Our Mission Organization Activities Update ... E-mail Contact Senegalese Education Fund Library Children's Selections from Africa Hands-On Africa : Art Activities for All Ages Featuring Sub-Saharan Africa by Yvonne Y. Merrill, Mary Simpson (Illustrator) "The latest in this series of lavishly photographed and fact-filled craft books invites children to explore the wildlife and indigenous peoples of Africa. Making masks from Zaire and hats in Nigerian fashion are two of the many ways readers can evoke the spirit of Africa. The crafts use common materials in unusual ways. A group of Kwanzaa projects conclude the book. " Book Description Order online from Amazon.com Misoso : Once upon a Time Tales from Africa by Verna Aardema (Editor), Reynold Ruffins (Illustrator) From Horn Book Order online from Amazon.com West African Folktales by Steven H. Gale (Editor) "Readers everywhere and of any age will be both entertained and instructed by these timeless storiesmore than 40 tales of human foibles, magic, and naturerepresenting fifteen countries, including Angola, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gambia, Liberia, Ghana, and Senegal." Ingram Order online from Amazon.com

7. USAID In Africa: Foreign Language Subject Guide line audio programs, world and africa specific news development and justice, women'srights, indigenous peoples' rights, and Parler le wolof A guide to common http://www.usaid.gov/regions/afr/abic/guides/langsites.html

Skip redundant navigation Home This Is USAID Privacy ... Contact The United States Agency for International Development Foreign Language Subject Guide USAID in Africa ABIC ABIC Guides Foreign Language Site Map Contact Us AFR/ FAQs Search USAID/ AFR: Choose a guide: use this link for text-only nav BY COUNTRY Africa in General Angola Benin Burundi DR Congo Eritrea Ethiopia Ghana Guinea Kenya Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Somalia South Africa Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe BY SUBJECT Africa - General Agriculture Conflict Democracy Economic Growth Education Environment Languages HIV/AIDS Health International Trade Technology Gender Africa Specific: French Spanish Portuguese Other World-Wide: French Spanish Portuguese Other ... UN Integrated Regional Information Networks Part of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, offers special reports, news bulletins, daily updates, and weekly digests in French and English. Human Rights Watch Reports on human rights violations across the globe, links to African reports. Available in Arabic, Chinese, French, English, Spanish, Portuguese, and Russian. Radio Deutsche Welle (DW This German organization offers on line audio programs, world and Africa specific news, mailing lists, and program schedules. Available in 29 languages.

8. The Story Of Africa| BBC World Service Compiled by Romanian historian Mircea Eliade. Buganda's indigenous Religion. Art andLife in africa, The University of Iowa. wolof peoples of coastal Senegal. http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/6generic5.shtml

Contact Us Help Text Only HOME ... INDEX USEFUL LINKS The BBC is not responsible for the content of external Internet sites African Traditional Religions. Website produced by Chidi Denis Isizoh, Africaworld.net. Gods,Goddesses and Supernatural Beings. Compiled by Romanian historian Mircea Eliade. Buganda's Indigenous Religion. Produced by Mukasa E. Ssemakula, Buganda.com African Religions in the American Reading List. Website by Mary Ann ClarK, Rice University. Ifa link, African Religions. Cultural Expressions. Peoples of Africa Resources. Art and Life in Africa, The University of Iowa. Yoruba peoples of Southwestern Nigeria. Website by Indiana University. On the Baganda peoples of Uganda. By Anne Pitsch, University of Maryland. On the Dinka of Sudan. Resource site provided by the Society and Culture Association, New South Wales. On the Shona peoples of Zimbabwe. By Solomon Murungu. The Gikuyu. Website on Kenya's Ethnic Groups, University of Pennsylvania. The Lugbara. Website on Uganda's Ethnic Groups, University of Pennsylvania. Krio peoples in Sierra Leone.

9. Ddwills Courses Na nga wuti xamxam ci aduna bi. The wolof live mainly in Senegal and Gambia, inWest africa, and, like most indigenous peoples of africa and elsewhere, place http://www.csupomona.edu/~ddwills/

HI! to my courses. FALL QUARTER WINTER QUARTER SPRING QUARTER Ant 352 Development Anthropology Ant 398 Ant 399 Africa Ant 358 Social Anthro. Ant 102 Cultural Anthropology Ant 104 Linguistic Anthro. ... Ant 399 Middle East Click on my picture for a welcome. DOROTHY DAVIS WILLS, Ph.D. Department of Geography and Anthropology California State Polytechnic University, Pomona Pomona CA 91768 On this Web Page, you will be able to explore my courses without actually having to take them! Imagine that! If you are registered for one of them, you will find information that supplements what you are learning in class, along with useful exercises, references to other sources of information, and directions to assignments. I also occasionally teach Ethnic and Women's Studies courses, for instance EWS 407 ("Sexual Orientation and Diversity"). In our department, we use ANT 499 to teach a variety of Special Topics for advanced students; I have used this rubric to develop a course on the "Anthropology of Waste Management", which has been taught three times in the past. Currently, I am directing a special course in Visual Anthropology ("Anthropology.TV") in ANT 499. I have also been working with the teaching group at the Center for Regenerative Studies from time to time, on one of their seminars, RS 422 . My particular contribution to their team effort concerns the concept of community as it relates to the environment I want to keep in touch with you, so please send me a

10. Ddwcv indigenous peoples and the Environment, panel for Environmental Forum Roundtableon Children in africa, african Studies and Black Holes in wolof space, 27th http://www.csupomona.edu/~ddwills/ddwcv.htm

index.htm CURRICULUM VITAE DOROTHY DAVIS WILLS 508 Black Hills Dr. Claremont, CA 91711 Key Qualifications Education Ph.D.- 1977 University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712 Major: Cultural Anthropology Minor: African Studies Linguistics M.A.- 1972 University of Texas at Austin Major: Anthropology A.B.- 1969 Mount Holyoke College Major: English Composition Minor: French Literature Sociology Employment 1997 - present Professor, Anthropology, Dept. of Geography and Anthropology, California State Polytechnic Univ., Pomona. 1998 - 2000 Coordinator, WASC Self-Study Steering Committee (accreditation research and report). July, 1995-1997 Interim Director, International Center, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768. Winter 1995 Acting Chair, Department of Geography and Anthropology, CPP. 1988- Asst/Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Anthropology, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768. 1983-87 Chief of Party, Organization and Training Specialist, ENEA Rural Management Project Senegal (AID). Campus Coordinator/Project Administrator for Center for Applied International Development Studies, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409. 1981-83 Lecturer, Linguistics Curriculum and Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514.

11. Adult Outreach Education - Policies And Strategies - Targeting And Equivalency are available in French, Portuguese, wolof and Swahili NFE Research Reports, ADEAABELWest africa. indigenous peoples UNESCO Institute for Education (UIE) (1997 http://www1.worldbank.org/education/adultoutreach/policy.target.asp

WB Home Index Help/FAQ Search Search: Help World Bank Education Adult Outreach Education Policies and Strategies Français Português Home Introduction ... Contact Us Targeting and Equivalency Targeting When designing an Adult Literacy and Non Formal Education program to meet the needs of a community, the following factors need to be considered about a target population: Age The age groups eligible for adult basic and continuing education programs vary from country to country. In the case of the World Bank assisted programs, the range stretches from 15 to 45 years, but some countries accept learners as young as 12 years old and set no upper age limit. The composition of the population needs to be taken into consideration. In some circumstances, communities may contain street children or refugees. In these cases, age limitations should not be set since these populations have likely had little or no access to formal schooling. Community Needs : The needs of the targeted population need to be taken into account. It is important to consider groups that may not be in a position to express their needs or may be a minority population in the community. I

12. Adoption Guidance Program - Christian Web Sites http//genesis.acu.edu/chowning/africa/africa5.htm mjackson/Tama/Tama.htm wolof People http indigenous peoples WICONI International - http//www.wiconi.com http://www.ad2000.org/adoption/christws.htm

Information Sources Missions Web sites: - http://www.ad2000.org AD2000 Announce - Email news - ad2000@xc.org Answering Islam: - http://www.answering-islam.org Arab World Ministries - http://www.gospelcom.net/awm/ Bethany World Prayer Center - http://www.bethany.com/profiles/home.html Brigada http://www.brigada.org - Email to subscribe - brigada-business-and-missions@egroups.com Brigada Conferences - http://www.brigada.org/brigconf.html Brigada People Group Consultant - http://www.xc.org/pgc.html Brigada Today - Email for missions newsletter - brigada-today-subscribe@egroups.com Brigada Research Assistant - http://www.brigada.org/pgcra/index.html Caleb Project - http://www.calebproject.org Calendar of Global Mission Events: - http://www.globalmission.org/calendar.htm Calendars of Mission Conferences/Festivals - http://www.CalebProject.org/bomm/calendar.html Canadians in Global Missions http://www.globalmission.org/ CB International - http://WWW.CBI.ORG/ CMD Centre for Mission Direction http://www.cmd.org.nz/ Christian Information Network - http://www.Christian-info.com

13. CourseList (Fill-in) Legal Size 166, Natural Resource Policy and indigenous peoples, Carr, CJ, F 39100, 010, PrecolonialAfrica An Introductory Survey, B, Advanced Language Tutorial - wolof III/IV, http://ias.berkeley.edu/africa/Courses/coursesS2003.htm

Center for African Studies 342/356 Stephens Hall University of California Berkeley, CA 94720-2314 tel: 510.642.8338; fax: 510.642.0721; asc@uclink4.berkeley.edu http://www.ias.berkeley.edu/africa African Studies Related Courses at UC Berkeley for Spring 2003 This Schedule is based on the published schedule of classes for this semester. Check with departments for changes. Please consult course schedules, catalogs, and individual departments for more information on these courses. http://schedule.berkeley.edu/ CCN: Course # Course Title Instructor Time Location AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDIES Africa: History and Culture (Modern) Oguto TTh 8-9:30 20 Barrows Political and Economic Development in the Third World Ahluwalia TTh 10-12 200 Wheeler Caribbean Literature By Women Authors Clark 100 Wheeler Interdisciplinary Research Methods-Post Structuralism Ahluwalia M 2-5 140 Barrows AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS Development Planning TBA TBA TBA Nutritional Economics and Policy Sabry TTh 2-3:30 83 Dwinelle ANTHROPOLOGY Introduction to Social and Cultural Anthropology Graburn TuTh 9:30-11 Wheeler Aud Archaeology of the African Diaspora Kojan TuTh 12:30-2:00 115 Kroeber CITY AND REGIONAL PLANNING International Housing Roy TuTh 11-1230 105 North Gate DEMOGRAPHY See Dept.

14. Notes On Africa, Technology, And The Information Age consciousness among Africans and peoples of African and maintain an appreciationof indigenous artisans and systems (Kiswahili, Hausa, or wolof) and African http://www.geocities.com/hakim14204/chap7.Word.Web.htm

Notes On Africa, Technology, and the Information Age By Bruce Cosby, Ph.D. Every few hundred years in Western history there occurs a sharp transformation - Peter Drucker Europe and North America currently represent the center of the social, political and economic transformation driven by computers and telecommunications. The development of computers, first for military purposes, and later for commercial and civilian purposes, was first harnessed in the United States during the Cold War. It now affects virtually all aspects of Western society. But for Africa, and many other developing nations, it is a different situation. The situation in Africa can be gleaned by briefly exploring the history of importation of telecommunications during colonialism and by locating the teledensity ( main telephone lines per 100) throughout the continent. Telecommunication systems were introduced in Africa (with few exceptions, like Ethiopia) by the European nations as a mechanism of control and governance. ( This is not unlike the "command and control" purpose of the Internet when it was first invented by the United States military.) Telecommunication systems were mainly limited to "communications between the capitol and its administration centers within Africa." The links that were extended beyond the administrative capitol were primarily used to solidify control and crush resistance. Mansure M. Nuruddin explains, for example, how telecommunication systems were used militarily by the British in Ghana against the Ashantis in the Yaa Assantewa War:

15. Discrimination Based On Descent In Africa burial; refusal of burial (Griots in wolof society); denial enslavement of many ofthese peoples, leading to made claims to being the indigenous inhabitants of http://uk.geocities.com/internationaldalitsolidarity/africa/cerdpapersum.html

The International Dalit Solidarity Network "Working globally against discrimination by work and descent" Discrimination based on descent in Africa Summary Paper 1. Introduction This paper summarises descent based forms of discrimination across Africa , covered by the descent limb of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD). These forms of discrimination range from the existence of caste systems in many societies across the Sahel region, discrimination and marginalisation faced by the descendents of hunter-gather societies and the discrimination and even enslavement still suffered by descendents of slaves in Western and North-Western Sub-Saharan Africa 2. Caste systems in Africa Although it is not necessarily accurate to speak of the existence of “caste societies” in Africa , there are certainly societies in which there are sections of the population who are members of caste groups. These systems can be called “caste systems” using the definition of “occupational specialization of endogamous groups, in which membership is based on ascription, and between which social distance is regulated by the concept of pollution” . Although the percentage of the population in these societies belonging to a caste is generally low (between 1% and 20%) they suffer from forms of discrimination ranging from mild segregation, forced endogamy and restrictions on commensality to extreme segregation, denial of rights and even violence.

16. Global Advisor Newsletter -The Languages And Writing Systems Of Africa Mauritanie, (Islamic Republic of ), Arabic and wolof are the Yoruba, Ibo and a numberof indigenous languages are the south and Voltaicspeaking peoples in the http://www.intersolinc.com/newsletters/africa.htm

Global Advisor Newsletter Return to Newsletter Archives T he Languages and Writing Systems of Africa Country Language Script Algeria, Al Djazair, Algérie, (Democratic and Popular Republic of) Arabic, French and a Berber language. Arabic, Latin, Berber Angola, (Republic of) Portuguese is the official language, but a Bantu language is widely spoken. Latin, Bantu Benin, former kingdom, situated in present-day SW Nigeria French and Fon Latin, Fon Botswana, ( Republic of) English is the official language, but the population is mainly Tswana, who speak a Bantu language. Latin, Bantu Burkina Faso or Burkina, formerly Upper Volta French is the official language. Latin Burundi, Republic of Official languages are French and Kurundi (a Bantu language) Swahili is also spoken Latin, Bantu Cameroon (Cameroun) (Republic of) French and English are the official languages. Latin Central African Republic (Republique Centrafricaine) French is the official language, but Sango is the medium of communication among people who speak different languages. Latin Chad

17. InteRadio - Vol. 9 No.2 - Global broadcasting a program in the wolof language targeted Americas speak 1,000, or 15%africa speaks 2,011 indigenous peoples and electronic media Looking to the http://www.amarc.org/interadio/Vol9_No2/Anglais/html/global.htm

Volume 9, Number 2 The remembrance of knowledge lost Sustaining linguistic and biological diversity Sophie K. Ly Secretary-General, AMARC The more global modern life becomes, the more urgent the call to support cultural diversity, to give a voice to local communities. Indeed, many initiatives already exist across the globe. But what language do these voices speak? Within what context do they transmit the knowledge and nuances of their geographical origin? Because local languages and expressions are the raw material that nourishes community radio stations, it is important to explore the linguistic riches that constitute the foundation of cultural identity. In May 1997, the South-Africa daily printed a picture titled "The last voice of an ancient tongue." They were referring to Ms. Elsie Vaalbooi, age 96. When she passes on, she will take away with her the secrets of the Khomani – one of the oldest languages in the world – spoken for 25,000 years in the Kalahari region until it disappeared around 1970. Here's an example. The article published in the

18. ANT 126: THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT From From Time Immemorial indigenous peoples and State Systems, pp, 3 and agriculturalintensification in West africa the case of the wolof, Senegal. http://www.anthro.ucdavis.edu/courses/f00/ant126A/

ANT 126A:  THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT (CRN# 70135) Fall 2000   D. J. Boyd  (326 Young Hall, 752-1589, djboyd@ucdavis.edu Office Hours:   Mondays, 1:00-3:00, or by appointment Teaching Assistant:   Michael Kennedy Required Books Franke, Richard W. and Barbara H. Chasin   1994   Kerala:  Radical Reform as Development in an Indian State .  Oakland, CA:  Institute for Food and Development Policy. Isbister, John   1998   Promises Not Kept:  The Betrayal of Social Change in the Third World .  Fourth Edition.  West Hartford, CT:  Kumarian Press. O'Meara, Tim   1990   Samoan Planters:  Tradition and Economic Development in Polynesia .  Fort Worth, TX:  Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additional Readings :  A collection of all other required readings is available for purchase at Navin's Copy Shop (231 3rd St., 758-2311). Course Requirements: The course is presented in two 2-hour sessions each week.  Approximately three hours each week will consist of lectures and the remaining hour will be devoted to a discussion section .  Discussion sections will focus on particular readings and videotapes chosen to illustrate and expand on lecture topics.  Students will be evaluated in two examinations :  an in-class midterm (30%) and a comprehensive final (30%).  Both exams are of the closed-book, essay-question variety.  Sample questions will be distributed several days before each exam to assist all in preparing superior answers.

19. God's Bits Of Wood - Les Bouts De Bois De Dieu Faat Kine (2000) In wolof and French with English of Darkness, despite being setin africa, africans serve the manner in which the indigenous peoples in their http://www.wmich.edu/dialogues/texts/godsbitsofwood.htm

God's Bits of Wood/ Les bouts de bois de Dieu Dialogues Notes Links Teaching ... Citations Sembene Ousmane's third novel, God's Bits of Wood , was originally written and published in French as Les Bouts de bois de Dieu . The novel is set in pre-independence Senegal and follows the struggles of the African trainworkers in three cities as they go on strike against their French employers in an effort for equal benefits and compensation. The chapters of the book shift between the cities of Bamako Thies , and Dakar and track the actions and growth of the men and women whose lives are transformed by the strike. Rather than number the chapters, Ousmane has labeled them by the city in which they take place, and the character who is the focal point of that chapter. As the strike progresses, the French management decides to "starve out" the striking workers by cutting off local access to water and applying pressure on local merchants to prevent those shop owners from selling food on credit to the striking families. The men who once acted as providers for their family, now rely on their wives to scrape together enough food in order to feed the families. The new, more obvious reliance on women as providers begins to embolden the women. Since the women now suffer along with their striking husbands, the wives soon see themselves as active strikers as well.

20. Video Mainframe Enforcement Education (CLEEN) of Nigeria, africa, provided WITNESS defend the rightsof silent minorities and indigenous peoples. The speakers all speak wolof. http://www.witness.org/video/africa.html

Africa Americas Asia Europe Middle East ... U.S.A. Africa ALGERIA RAFD- Rassemblement Algerien des Femmes Democrates (RAFD), Algeria. RAFD was created in 1993 to advance womenÕs human and legal rights and to defend women against violence on all levels of society. RAFD # 1 Description not yet available RAFD # 2 Description not yet available Interview with Zazi Sadou Zazi Sadou, a member of RAFD, (Algerian Assembly of Democratic Women) describes her work with the feminist organization. Sadou assists women whose human rights have been violated by the governing theopolitical state actors. She details the horrors faced by women who refuse to wear a veil, who continue to work, and who assert their rights. She discusses how rape is used as a weapon of war, and the devastating effects it has on the victim, her family and society as a whole. BURKINA FASO Mouvement Burkinabe des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (MBDHP), Burkina Faso. Created in February 1989, this non-governmental organization (NGO) promotes, protects, and defends human rights in the 30 provinces of Burkina Faso and aims to uphold the human rights principles established in the International Human Rights Charter and the African Human Rights Charter. MBDHP #1 This footage, from the Mouvement Burkinabe des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples (MBDHP), depicts everyday life in a home for abandoned children in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The footage includes interviews with people working at the children's home and with state employees who address the plight of these abandoned children.

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