Geometry.Net - Basic_S: Sea Otters

EVOS-Oil Spill Facts-Status Of Sea Otters
Detailed information about the current status of sea ottersin the Exxon Valdez oil spill region.
http://www.oilspill.state.ak.us/facts/status_seaotter.html

Extractions: By the late 1800s, sea otters had been eliminated from most of their historical range in Alaska due to excessive harvesting by Russian and American fur traders. Surveys of sea otters in the 1970s and 1980s, however, indicated a healthy and expanding population in most of Alaska , including Prince William Sound Today the only harvests of sea otters are for subsistence purposes. About 1,000 sea otter carcasses were recovered following the spill, and additional animals probably died but were not recovered. In 1990 and 1991, higher-than-expected proportions of prime-age adult sea otters were found dead in western Prince William Sound , and there was evidence of higher mortality of recently weaned juveniles in oiled areas. Recovery Goal
AA Smorgasbord For Sea Otters By Marianne Reidman
He'd probably been warned not to disturb or harass sea otters in any way, and hemust have seen the posted signs cautioning people to stay at least 50 feet
http://www.calacademy.org/calwild/pacdis/issues/fall96/otter.htm

Extractions: FALL 1996 The young California sea otter was sleeping soundly in her usual spot in Monterey Harbor. It was Female 515, also known as Josie, who had been raised here by her mother, amid the constant boat traffic and human activity. I watched with interest as a couple of kayakers glided by and stopped. I knew they might be in for a surprise, for Josie was a notorious harasser of kayaks and small rowboats, on which she liked to hitch rides. She seemed to find this particular type of kayak, which lies very low to the water, especially irresistible. By now the otter was staring intently at the kayakers. Josie stretched, twirled in the kelp and dove, disappearing beneath the glassy surface. Almost half a minute passed. Everything was quiet and the kayakers had started to paddle away. Suddenly, the otter exploded out of the water and landed on the back of one kayak, nearly tipping it over. I could see the shock and surprise on the kayaker's face. He'd probably been warned not to disturb or harass sea otters in any way, and he must have seen the posted signs cautioning people to stay at least 50 feet from the shy and easily disturbed otters. But Josie made this rule a little difficult to obey. As the man struggled to keep his balance, the young female slid off his boat and headed for the other kayak, but its occupant wasn't waiting around. He sprinted off as fast as he could, with Josie in hot pursuit. Since sea otters can swim up to six miles an hour in short bursts, it took a good two minutes of frantic paddling for him to outdistance her.
WERC: Status Of Northern Sea Otters In Washington
USGS. Status of Northern sea otters in Washington. There are now thrivingpopulations of sea otters throughout much of their historic range.
http://www.werc.usgs.gov/otters/wa-status.html

Extractions: Status of Northern Sea Otters in Washington The story of sea otter translocations to Southeastern Alaska, British Columbia, and the Pacific Northwest is one of success, despite planning problems, two oil spills in Washington, and a failure in Oregon. Intervention by state, federal, and provincial conservation agencies has restored sea otters to a significant portion of their former range many decades before they could or would have done by natural dispersal. There are now thriving populations of sea otters throughout much of their historic range. Most, if not all of these would not exist had it not been for the translocation effort that took place in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In Washington, 59 northern sea otters from Alaska were released in 1969 and 1970 off the outer coast of the Olympic Peninsula. The first release of 29 took place near Pt. Grenville; the second in 1970 occurred near La Push when 30 more were liberated. At least 16 otters are known to have died in 1969, but mortality in 1970 was apparently light. Only sporadic observations of sea otters were reported after the releases, and not until 1977 was a survey conducted to determine the fate of the translocated sea otters. Surveys have continued and were conducted biennially until 1989 and annually to the present. Photo by Gwen Jameson Washington Sea Otter Surveys Behavior and Population Biology of the Washington Sea Otter Population Translocated Sea Otter Populations off the Oregon and Washington Coasts from
Foot's Artworks - Images/Sea Otters - Foot Young
Images from Foot's Artworks. Works by. Foot Young. Subject sea otters. Foot hasprovided an explanation of the cold cast bronze and cast mable methods he uses.
http://www.footartworks.com.au/seaotters.html

Extractions: Images from Foot's Artworks Works by Foot Young Subject - Sea Otters Foot has provided an explanation of the cold cast bronze and cast mable methods he uses. Below are thumbnails for the images available on-line. To view the full-size image, just click on the thumbnail or the title of the work. The size of the file that will be downloaded to your browser is indicated below each thumbnail.
Monterey Bay Whale Watch - Sea Otters
Monterey Bay Whale Watch sea otters Click on small picture below to see full-sizephoto (size 21K). sea otters of Monterey Bay. Marine Life sea otters.
http://www.montereybaywhalewatch.com/otters.htm

Extractions: Click on small picture below to see full-size photo (size 21K). Sea otters are a common sight along the Monterey coast as they inhabit the nearshore kelp forests. The otters, which were once nearly hunted to extinction, now number just over 2,000 individuals. Sea otters are easily observed on all Monterey Bay Whale Watch trips as they rest within the kelp or feed near the kelp on seastars, crabs, urchins, and abalone. After the otters capture a prey item, they bring it to the surface, place it on their belly while floating on their back, and crack it open with their powerful teeth. Otters have very dense fur, with up to a million hairs per square inch. This keeps them warm along with the insulating air bubbles they blow into their fur. Therefore, otters could easily be threatened by any type of oil spill which could foul their fur. Besides spending a portion of the day grooming, otters divide their time into feeding and resting. Otters usually rest by rolling within the surface kelp until their bodies are wrapped in it. The kelp is anchored to the rocky bottom and by staying with the kelp, the otters will not drift to sea while sleeping. During mating or courting bouts, a male and female otter will pair up and remain together for several days. During mating, the male grabs onto the female's nose to stabilize himself. The result leaves female otters with red wounds or scars on their noses. This is really the only way to distinguish males from females.
Sea Otters
sea otters are the smallest marine animals. And underwater. sea otters'fur keeps them warm by trapping a layer of air next to their skin.
http://www.units.muohio.edu/dragonfly/save/seaotters.shtml

Extractions: Sea otters are the smallest marine animals. And otters are different from other marine mammals, such as seals, and whales, because they depend only on their fur to stay warm in their cold ocean home. Their fur keeps them warm by trapping a thin layer of air next to their skin, even when they are diving underwater. What would happen to a sea otter if its fur were coated with thick, black oil? Oil tankersships that sometimes carry millions of liters of oilsail up and down the Pacific coast from California to Alaska. The tankers pass right through sea otter habitat. If an oil tanker wrecks, oil spills into the ocean, threatening otters and other creatures. My friends and I began some research to answer two questions: 1) How does oil affect sea otters; and 2) can otters be cleaned and returned to the wild, if they become oiled? We discovered that when a sea otter's fur was oiled, the fur can no longer hold the protective air layer. Without this air layer, the otters could not stay warm and would eventually die. We needed to find a way to clean oiled sea otters so that the air layer could be restored.
Marine Mammals - Sea Otters
sea otters. Common Name Sea Otter. sea otters have (mustachelike) vibrissaeand external ears like a sea lion's with excellent hearing capabilities.
http://www.marine-mammals.com/otters.htm

Extractions: Sea Otters Common Name: Sea Otter Scientific Name: Enhydra lutris nereis Class: Mammalia Family: Mustelidae of the suborder Fissipedia Order: Carnivora Sea otters are native to American and Asian shores of the North Pacific Ocean where they can find regions with kelp and shallow intertidal waters with a rocky or sandy bottom. These marine mammals have a very thick fur with about 850,000 to a million of hair per square inch. Their fur coat consists of 2 layers, an undercoat of shorter hair and guard hairs, which are longer. This is used to trap a layer of air next to the skin which does not allow the skin to get wet. The fur coat color is usually dark brown, and often with lighter guard hairs. These animals head are round with triangular noses. Sea otters have (mustache-like) vibrissae and external ears like a sea lion's with excellent hearing capabilities. Their small eyes serve them good with good vision in and out of water. They have strong canine teeth for tearing food and flat molars for crushing shells. Their forepaws with retracting claws (similar to a cat's paw) help them to grab and hold their prey while the use their teeth to crush or tear it apart. Also their forepaws are used to groom themselves to force the air bubbles to form a layer of air near their skins to serve as insulation for warmth and provide buoyancy. Their flattened tail flipper-like hind feet gives them great propulsion powers to chase after their preys and to escape from their hunters. They usually eat 25% to 30% of their body weight daily in order to maintain a high level of internal heat production. When it is time they will dive for as long as 5 minutes to gather food and place it in a pouch that is made of loosen skin in the forepaws.
Home
NOTICE McDonald book money due!! Canjo Dev. RESULTS(sea otters). WELCOME TheJohnstown YMCA sea otters is a team of swimmers ranging in age from 618.
http://www.ymcaseaotters.org/

Extractions: STAFF TEAM PRACTICE CVSL MEETS ... LINKS SEA OTTER ANNUAL AWARDS BANQUET Saturday, April 5th. 5:30 pm. At S. Anthony's Church Hall Nicholas St., Johnstown Catered by Mary Ann's Adults $10.00 Kids $5.00 SEA OTTER'S FREE PLEASE RSVP BY MARCH 28th. To: Tim 762-4479 Jim 762-3864 (or email) NEW CVSL Schedule WELCOME: The Johnstown YMCA Sea Otters is a team of swimmers ranging in age from 6-18. We are affiliated with the Fulton County YMCA and National YMCA. The YMCA Sea Otters swim team is a member of the Central Valley Swim League which consists of four other teams: Amsterdam Sea Rams (AMST), Canajoharie Swim Club (CANA), Clarks Sports Center of Cooperstown (CLRK), and Gloversville YMCA Lasers (GLOV). Please click on the meet buttons above for information on upcoming meets and our Results button for meet results. We are also a members of USA Swimming (USA) and Adirondack Swimming, Inc. (AD) http://www.yswimmingnewyork.org Johnstown YMCA Sea Otters P.O. Box 312 Johnstown, N.Y. 12095
Where Have All The Sea Otters Gone?
June 15, 2000. Where Have All the sea otters Gone? A Remarkable Comeback.Few animals can captivate aquarium visitors like sea otters.
http://www.riverdeep.net/current/2000/06/front.150600.otter.jhtml

Extractions: This Week's Current The Classroom Flyer Life Science Biology ... Sports June 15, 2000 Where Have All the Sea Otters Gone? A Remarkable Comeback Few animals can captivate aquarium visitors like sea otters. Their playful antics and impressive dives are guaranteed to delight the crowds. What makes the future of these fun-loving mammals so uncertain? Until the 1700s, sea otters thrived in the cool waters of the North Pacific Ocean. An estimated 150,000 to 300,000 were found in an arc stretching from northern Japan, across southern Alaska, and down the North American coast to Baja, California. Prized for their furs, sea otters were hunted to the brink of extinction by the beginning of the twentieth century. By the time the International Fur Seal Treaty of 1911 put an end to the mass slaughter, only about 1,000 to 2,000 sea otters remained worldwide.
ScienceDaily News Release: Parasite In Cats Killing Sea Otters
Date 200212-23. Parasite In Cats Killing sea otters. Southern sea ottersare listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021223084339.htm

Extractions: Previous Story ... Related Stories Next Story Source: National Sea Grant College Program Date: Offering a partial explanation to a mysterious decline in Southern Sea Otter population, California Sea Grant researchers have established a strong body of circumstantial evidence linking cats to a lethal otter disease. University of California at Davis professor Patricia Conrad and doctoral student Melissa Miller, both in the School of Veterinary Medicine, have shown that otters near heavy freshwater flows are three times more likely to have been infected by Toxoplasma gondii - a potentially lethal parasitic protozoan that causes brain infections in otters - than otters from areas where runoff is light. The scientists' best guess is that parasite eggs in cat droppings are washed into coastal-bound storm drains and creeks. Although many different kinds of animals, such as birds and rodents, can serve as intermediate hosts for the parasite, cats are the only animals known to shed the parasite's eggs in their droppings. Otters may be acquiring parasites directly through water contact, or they may be eating infected mussels or other bivalves.
Parasite In Cats Killing Sea Otters
Parasite in Cats Killing sea otters. Hunted to near extinction for their lush fur,sea otters are now protected under the federal Endangered Species Act.
http://www.oar.noaa.gov/spotlite/archive/spot_otter.html

Extractions: Science Writer, California Sea Grant Offering a partial explanation to a mysterious decline in southern sea otter population, scientists have established a strong body of circumstantial evidence linking cats to a lethal otter disease. University of California sea otter researchers Pat Conrad, left, and Melissa Miller examine a lung scan of a dead sea otter. Photo Credit: University of California. University of California at Davis professor Patricia Conrad and her doctoral student Melissa Miller, both in the School of Veterinary Medicine, have shown that otters near heavy freshwater flows are three times more likely to have been infected by Toxoplasma gondii - a potentially lethal parasitic protozoan that causes brain infections in otters and brain cysts in humans - than otters from areas where runoff is light. In a survey of 233 live and dead otters from Santa Barbara to Half Moon Bay, a staggering 76 percent of those near heavy freshwater outflows - storm drains and river mouths - had antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. There was also a surprisingly high rate of infection in the general otter population. Forty-two percent of live otters had antibodies to the parasite, an almost certain sign of infection. The research was funded by the National Sea Grant College Program and was conducted in collaboration with the California Department of Fish and Game, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board and the U.S. Geological Survey.
ALASKA.com | Trivia: Sea Otters
Alaska Trivia More Alaska trivia pixel. sea otters Alaska.com Is the sea otterrelated to seals or to minks? Older sea otters often develop a silvery head.
http://www.alaska.com/akcom/trivia/trivcom/bio/story/1810373p-1925916c.html

Extractions: Answer: The sea otter belong to the weasel family, along with the river otter and the mink. Adult males can reach 100 pounds and females 60 pounds, a weight belied by the gracefulness with which they float and dive. These whiskered swimmers are a favorite of kayakers and tour boat passengers. Russian crews first came to Alaska to collect sea otter pelts, said to be possibly the finest fur in the world, and nearly took the population to extinction. The pelt has dense underfur of brown, inch-long hair and sparse guard hairs. Older sea otters often develop a silvery head. Sea otters are adept at handling food with the toes on their front feet, feeding themselves sea urchins, crabs, clams, mussels, octopus and fish. After diving as far as 250 feet down and returning with food, they roll onto their backs, put the food on their chests and eat it piece by piece. Wild sea otters never eat on land.
Sea Otters
sea otters. Enhydra lutris These sea otters were photographed in the harborat Seward, Alaska. I am captivated by their faces and behavior.
http://www.barbarajordan.com/otter.html
Sea Otters
http://projects.edtech.sandi.net/dailard/seaotters/
Science Could Foster Reintroduction Of Sea Otters - The Register-Guard, Eugene,
January 23, 2003 Science could foster reintroduction of sea otters The OregonZoo is home to three southern sea otters, named Thelma, Eddie and Ozzie.
http://www.registerguard.com/news/2003/01/23/6d.sp.seaotters.0123.html

Extractions: version GENETIC MATERIAL extracted from bones discarded by Native Americans hundreds of years ago may explain why an effort to reintroduce sea otters on the Oregon coast failed. The reintroduction effort occurred more than 30 years ago, when sea otters taken from Alaska's Amchitka Island were released along the coasts of Washington and Oregon. Biologists hoped the otters would create new colonies.
Killer Whales Develop A Taste For Sea Otters, Alaska Science Forum
Killer Whales Develop a Taste For sea otters Article 1418. by Ned Rozell. sea ottersare getting harder to find along the western part of the Aleutian chain.
http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF14/1418.html

Extractions: Article #1418 by Ned Rozell This column is provided as a public service by the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, in cooperation with the UAF research community. Ned Rozell is a science writer at the institute. Sea otters are getting harder to find along the western part of the Aleutian chain. Their population has dropped from about 53,000 animals in the early 1990s to only 6,000 today. Some biologists think the missing otters of western Alaska have disappeared to an unlikely placethe bellies of killer whales. Researchers say the actions of people may have caused this unusual switch in the diet of killer whales. Jim Estes, a wildlife research biologist who works for the U.S. Geological Survey at the University of California, has watched sea otters in Alaska since the 1970s. On his 1990s cruises to the Aleutians, he and other biologists noticed a 25 percent decline in sea otters each year. At first, Estes didn't consider killer whales as a reason for the sea otter decline. Killer whales mostly eat sea lions, seals, and other marine mammals that spend most of their time far offshore, away from sea otters. When he was on a cruise from Attu to Dutch Harbor in the early 1990s, Estes and his colleagues saw killer whales where they hadn't before, observations that later became a clue to the disappearance of the sea otters. "We were seeing killer whales near the beach all the time," Estes said during a phone interview from his office in Santa Cruz, California. "All of us commented on how peculiar that was."
Ocean Quest! Sea Otters
sea otters were one species of animals that was affected by the oil spill. Therewere 400 sea otter rehabilitation volunteers and many more otters.
http://www.kpbsd.k12.ak.us/seward.elem/ocean/seaotter.html

Extractions: Seward Elementary School On March 24, 1989 the Exxon Valdez ran aground and the oil traveled far into Prince William Sound. Sea otters were one species of animals that was affected by the oil spill. There were about 400 sea otter rescue volunteers. The first thing that they needed to do was catch the otters. There were two ways that the people caught the otters; one way was that they would look through binoculars and find the otters that look distressed. Then they would take little boats out and trap the otters on land, where they couldn't move as fast as in the water. Another way that they could catch the otters was they found the place where the otters were most likely to swim through, then they would put a net down and catch the otters. They checked the net every hour or so. Sometimes, the fumes from the oil would make the collectors so drowsy it was very hard for them to collect the otters. In relation to the oil spill, it wasn't until 24 hours after the oil spilled that they helped the otters. After many otters were collected the people brought them to a large rented gymnasium in Valdez. One thing that was bad about having the otters out of the water was that they would get pressure sores from resting on plywood, plastic grates, and wire mesh. Sometimes, to improve the otters skin and fur they would put them in salt water pools or floating pens. The workers cleaned the tanks out about every 3 days.
Sea Otter -- Kids' Planet -- Defenders Of Wildlife
Includes information about the life span, habitat, size, and diet of the sea otter.Category Kids and Teens School Time Animals Mammals Otters Southern sea otters typically reach about four feet in length. Females pounds.Northern sea otters can reach up to 100 pounds. POPULATION
http://www.kidsplanet.org/factsheets/otter.html

Extractions: Fax: 202-682-1331 STATUS: Threatened off California. DESCRIPTION: The sea otter has the thickest fur in the animal kingdom. Unlike other marine mammals, the sea otter does not have a layer of blubber (fat) to help keep it warm. If an otters fur gets coated with oil or any other substance, it can easily die from cold and exposure. SIZE: The sea otter is the largest member of the weasel family. Southern sea otters typically reach about four feet in length. Females average 45 pounds, while males average 65 pounds. Northern sea otters can reach up to 100 pounds. POPULATION: Today there are about 2,000 southern sea otters off the coast of California. There are between 27,500 and 52,500 northern sea otters residing in Alaska, Canada and Washington. There are approximately 15,000 in Russia. Two hundred years ago, demand for the otters pelt nearly led to its extinction. LIFESPAN: Male sea otters live an average of ten to 15 years, while female sea otters live an average of 15 to 20 years. RANGE: The sea otters historic range stretched from Japan, along the coast of Siberia and the Aleutian Chain and down the Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and California coast to Baja California.
Sea Otters Of Alaska
EARTHWATCH EXPEDITION sea otters of Alaska Research Mission Applying moderntechnology to the conservation of an everpopular but declining species,
http://www.earthwatch.org/expeditions/davis_02.html
Sea Otters Of Alaska
EARTHWATCH EXPEDITION sea otters of Alaska Research Mission Applying modern technologyto the conservation of an everpopular but declining species MEET THE
http://www.earthwatch.org/expeditions/davis/meetthescientists.html

Extractions: We will be living in a comfortable log cabin nestled in the spruce and hemlock tress overlooking Alice Cove. Despite its remote location, the cabin has a living/working area, fully equipped kitchen (propane stove and oven), RV-type toilet (supplemented with an outhouse), and hot shower (showering will be limited to 3 minutes/person/day). The cabin is heated with either wood or oil-burning stoves. Fresh water is plumbed into the cabin from a nearby stream. A generator and a bank of 12-volt batteries provide electrical power. Volunteers will sleep in heated Weatherport or house-tents erected on platforms near the cabin. Meals will consist mainly of food purchased in Cordova and brought to Alice Cove. Volunteers and staff will prepare food using pre-arranged menus, and we will eat dinners as a group.

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