61. OFA Genetic Databases - Thyroid Database thyroid Database Autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common cause ofprimary hypothyroidism in dogs. The disease has variable onset http://www.offa.org/ofathy.html

Thyroid Database Autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism in dogs. The disease has variable onset, but tends to clinically manifest itself at 2 to 5 years of age. Dogs may be clinically normal for years, only to become hypothyroid at a later date. The markers for autoimmune thyroiditis, autoantibody formation (autoantibodies to thyroglobulin, T4 or T3), usually occur prior to the occurrence of clinical signs. The majority of dogs that develop autoantibodies have them by 3 to 4 years of age. Development of autoantibodies at any time in the dog's life is an indication that the dog, most likely, has the genetic form of the disease. Using today's technology only a small fraction of false positive tests occur. As a result of the variable onset of the presence of autoantibodies, periodic testing will be necessary. Dogs that are negative at 1 year of age may become positive at 6 years of age. Dogs should be tested every year or two in order to be certain they have not developed the condition. Since the majority of affected dogs will have autoantibodies by 4 years of age, annual testing for the first 4 years is recommended. After that, testing every other year should suffice. Unfortunately, a negative at any one time will not guarantee that the dog will not develop thyroiditis. The registry data can be used by breeders in determining which dogs are best for their breeding program. Knowing the status of the dog and the status of the dog's lineage, breeders and genetic counselors can decide which matings are most appropriate for reducing the incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis in the offspring.

62. Canine Thyroid Links Links to various sites with information on this canine disease. http://sandalfoot-keeshonds.com-us.com/thyroid.htm

All of the Links in this Section will take you to other sites so Bookmark us now. Health Home Basic Info CERF Epilepsy ... to OFA Thyroid More Links Genetic Disorders - Thyroid The TgAA panel is the newest panel in thyroid screening, , it became available in 98 although many vets were not recommending it until later, it is now part of lab full panel thyroids and the OFA evaluation, and is currently considered the best marker for Autoimmune Thyroiditus. It should be run on all breeding stock every year or two along with the other panels recommended by your vet. This test is an early indicator, often showing positive before the dog shows the low FT-4 and high TSH (or any symptoms) that have been part of diagnosis in the past and therefore useful in screening out dogs that may develop Autoimmune Thyroiditus late or after they are bred. It has already put breeders on notice about possible problems in dogs who would have been normal on pre '98 tests. There are indications that some medications, testing too close to a heat or vaccinations may cause false positives. Some articles indicate that some dogs fail in T4 conversion to T3 which is probably a different problem with another mode of inheritance, and probably less common in high incidence breeds, this is common problem in humans. More is being learned about thyroid problems and your vet is your best source of current information and changes that will continue to occur with study. Better diagnosis techniques will allow for better breeding choices.

63. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 2, Ch. 8, Thyroid Disorders Including euthyroid goiter and thyroid cancers from The Merck Manual.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Endocrine Disorders thyroid...... Synthesis and Release of thyroid Hormones. The general scheme of thyroidhormone biosynthesis is shown in Fig. Effects of thyroid Hormones. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section2/chapter8/8a.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 2. Endocrine And Metabolic Disorders Chapter 8. Thyroid Disorders Topics [General] Euthyroid Goiter Euthyroid Sick Syndrome Hyperthyroidism ... Thyroid Cancers [General] Thyroid disorders include euthyroid goiter, euthyroid sick syndrome, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and thyroid cancers. Discussion of the synthesis and physiology of thyroid hormones and of the laboratory testing of thyroid function are prerequisites to a thorough understanding of these disorders. Synthesis and Release of Thyroid Hormones The general scheme of thyroid hormone biosynthesis is shown in Fig. 8-1. Iodide, which is ingested in food and water, is actively concentrated by the thyroid gland, converted to organic iodine by thyroid peroxidase, and incorporated into tyrosine in intrafollicular thyroglobulin within the colloid at the basal cell surface of the thyroid follicular cell. The tyrosines are iodinated at one (monoiodotyrosine) or two (diiodotyrosine) sites and then coupled to form the active hormones (diiodotyrosine + diiodotyrosine tetraiodothyronine [thyroxine, T

64. Thyroid Disorders Primary, secondary and juvenile hypothyroidism. Includes photo illustrations. Division of Endocrinology Category Health Conditions and Diseases thyroid Hypothyroid......thyroid Disorders. Created and maintained by David W. Gardner MD URL http//www.hsc.missouri.edu/~daveg/thyroid/thy_dis.htmlLast update 01/06/02. http://www.hsc.missouri.edu/~daveg/thyroid/thy_dis.html

Thyroid Disorders Thyroid Disorders Menu: Primary Hypothyroid Seconday Hypothyroid (Hypopituitarism) "Subclinical" Hypothyroidism Juvenile Hypothyroid ... Return to Thyroid Home Page Primary Hypothyroid Primary hypothyroidism occurs when disease of the thyroid gland prevents it from producing adequate amounts of thyroid hormone. Symptoms may vary from mild to severe and from nonspecific to very specific. In general, all metabolic processes slow down. Patients are often fatigued, and may also have depression, decreased intellectual function, and, rarely, overt psychosis. Patients frequently complain of cold intolerance, dry skin, and constipation. The heart rate is often slowed, as is the relaxation phase of deep tendon reflexes. There may be high cholesterol, mild anemia, and high serum enzymes, including CPK. The T4 and Free T4 is low and the TSH is always high (usually greater than 20 mU/L) . T3 may be normal. Primary Hypothyroid: Typical History 43 y/o patient with the chief complaint of "decreased energy." She complains of fatigue, inability to finish tasks, sleeping more, yet always being tired. She has also noticed a decreased cold tolerance, constipation, and dryness of the skin. She comments that she is always cold, even in the summer. She has a positive family history for thyroid problems, but does not know the details Return to Menu Seconday Hypothyroid (Hypopituitarism) Secondary hypothyroidism is defined as the failure of the thyroid gland due to the inadequate production of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). This can occur due to primary failure of the pituitary or as the result of hypothalamic dysfunction (tertiary hypothyroidism). Pituitary failure can result from destruction by pituitary and non-pituitary tumors, head trauma, radiation, postpartum infarction (Sheehan’s syndrome) or unknown causes (idiopathic). Generally the symptoms of hypothyroidism are less severe than in primary hypothyroidism and are often complicated by deficiencies of other pituitary hormones, as well as the mass effects of the intracranial tumor. Patients with secondary hypothyroidism must be evaluated for pituitary tumors and other hormone deficiencies.

65. EndocrineSearch Written by endocrine surgeons for patients and healthcare providers. Listing of endocrine specialists, information on thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pancreatic problems with an emphasis on new minimally invasive treatments. http://endocrinesearch.com/

Parathyroid Thyroid Adrenal Pancreas ... Site Map Your resource for diseases of the parathyroid, thyroid, adrenal glands, and the pancreas Up to date information on treatment options with an emphasis on minimally invasive surgical techniques Endocrine systems covered in this website include: Parathyroid: A comprehensive overview of hyperparathyroidism, including the symptoms, evaluation, and treatment of this common disorder. Recent innovations are discussed in detail, including radioguided parathyroidectomy under local anesthesia and endoscopic "scarless" parathyroidectomy. More Information Thyroid Information on the evaluation and management of thyroid nodules. Illustrations and a detailed description of endoscopic thyroidectomy, a new minimally invasive technique for thyroid removal that provides an excellent cosmetic result. More Information Adrenal An overview on diseases of the adrenal glands, including benign and malignant tumors. A detailed description and overview of laparoscopic adrenalectomy is provided. More Information Pancreas The pancreas is a complex organ with both exocrine (digestive) and endocrine functions. Certain patients may be candidates for laparoscopic pancreatic surgery, resulting in less pain and a quicker recovery.

66. Thyroid Disorders Diagnosing thyroid Disorders by David W. Gardner MD. Main Menu thyroid Pathologythyroid Disorders thyroid Function Tests thyroid Quiz thyroid Links http://www.hsc.missouri.edu/~daveg/thyroid/thyindex.html

Diagnosing Thyroid Disorders by David W. Gardner M.D. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism University of Missouri Health Sciences Center Columbia, Missouri Main Menu: Thyroid Pathology Thyroid Disorders Thyroid Function Tests Thyroid Quiz Thyroid Links Created and maintained by David W. Gardner M.D. URL: http://www.hsc.missouri.edu/~daveg/thyroid/thyindex.html Last update: 01/07/02

67. TEST COUNTRY - HIV Tests, Alcohol Tests, Pregnancy Tests, Hepatitis C Tests, Ch Kits for drug, HIV, carpal tunnel, sleep disorder, hypothyroid, alcohol, stress and thyroid disease. http://www.testcountry.com/

SEARCH home view cart my account ... Affiliate TestCountry.com! We offer a wide variety of medical tests that are easy to use, affordable and most importantly provide rapid and accurate results at the ease, comfort, and privacy of your home or office. All our tests are developed and manufactured by the reputable companies in their industries. Why TestCountry.com? We know that you have a choice and appreciate your business. We believe in the importance of your repeat business and the power of word-of-mouth. We are dedicated to provide you the affordable accurate tests. We know that you need what you order, and will try hard to ship it fast. We will ensure your online security and privacy . Your order information (including credit card number) is protected by SSL encryption, the most advanced technology available. All information provided by you is not released to third parties, unless we specifically ask permission from you. We are dedicated to quality customer service and complete customer satisfaction . Even if you are not a customer yet, don't worry, we will try to help every visitor on our site.

68. Dog Owner's Guide: Canine Thyroid Disease Canine thyroid disease can be tough to diagnose. The symptoms canbe legion and sometimes contradictory. functions. thyroid gland. http://www.canismajor.com/dog/thyroid.html

[Dog Owner's Guide: Canine thyroid disease (www.canismajor.com/dog/thyroid.html)] Live in the Cincinnati area? Looking for a private trainer or training club? A boarding kennel? How about an all breed club? Visit our Dog Owner's Guide Mall Looking for dog books from Amazon.com? See breed books, training books, fiction, videos and links to Amazon's dog book best seller lists on our booklist page Home Topics Index ... Advertise Canine thyroid disease can be tough to diagnose The symptoms can be legion and sometimes contradictory Introduction Thyroid gland Diagnosis Treatment ... Inherited disease Introduction Canine thyroid disease can be tough to diagnose.The symptoms can be legion and sometimes contradictory: lethargy, mental lassitude, weight gain, dull coat, skin infections, constipation, diarrhea, cold intolerance, skin odor, hair loss, greasy skin, dry skin, reproductive problems, aggression, and more. The associated diseases or conditions can be serious: megaesophagus, ruptured knee ligaments, testicular atrophy, cardiomyopathy, excessive bleeding, and corneal ulcers. The disease can be inherited or of unknown or uncertain origin. The diagnosis can be complex; the treatment as simple as supplementing a basic essential hormone.

69. Fluoride: Hidden Danger In Your Drinking Water And Toothpaste / Fluoride And Flu The High Cholesterol/thyroid Connection, and How Undiagnosed thyroid Disease May Be the Reason for Your High Cholesterol, from your About.com Guide http://thyroid.about.com/health/thyroid/library/weekly/aa020700b.htm

zfp=-1 About Thyroid Disease Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Thyroid Disease with Mary Shomon Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Thyroid Basics/Thyroid 101 Weight Loss Information Center Hypothyroidism Information Center ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement "FLUORIDE DANGERS TO THE THYROID" > Page What are the Thyroid-Specific Concerns? Is fluoride in part the reason for near epidemic levels of hypothyroidism in the United States? Some experts and researchers believe this is the case. Fluoride had been used for decades as an effective anti-thyroid medication to treat hyperthyroidism and was frequently used at levels below the current "optimal" intake of 1 mg/day. This is due to the ability of fluoride to mimic the action of thyrotropin (TSH). It makes sense, then that out of the over 150 symptoms and associations of hypothyroidism , almost all are also symptoms of fluoride poisoning. Researcher and advocate Andreas Schuld has also found that excess of fluoride correlates with other thyroid-related issues such as iodine deficiency. Fluoride and iodine, both being members of the halogens group of atoms, have an antagonistic relationship. When there is excess of fluoride in the body it can interfere with the function of the thyroid gland. It is possible that iodine deficiency, which is the most common cause of brain damage and mental disability in the world, could be lessened by simply cutting back on the use of fluoride.

70. European Thyroid Association European thyroid Association. Association Européenne thyroide. PRESIDENT Tel.+44 1222 716900 Fax. +44 1222 712045 Email Euro-thyroid-Assoc@cf.ac.uk. http://www.uwcm.ac.uk/uwcm/md/ETA.html

European Thyroid Association Association Thyroide PRESIDENT: SECRETARY-TREASURER: Prof. JACQUES E. DUMONT, IRIBHN, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Campus Hopital Erasme/Bldg C, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium. Dr. JOHN H. LAZARUS, Department of Medicine, UWCM, Llandough Hospital, Penarth, S. Glam. CF64 2XX, Wales, UK. Tel. +44 1222 716900 Fax. +44 1222 712045 E-mail Euro-Thyroid-Assoc@cf.ac.uk T he European Thyroid Association's aims are to promote knowledge in the thyroid field (fundamental and clinical) and improve knowledge of the thyroid gland and it's diseases. The Association was founded in 1967 and has met each year since then with the exception of the years in which the International Thyroid Congress has been held. The Annual Scientific Meeting regularly attracts more than 300 abstracts and over 500 active participants. Membership of the Association consists of honorary, ordinary,associate, affiliate, corresponding and senior members. There are 450 ordinary members. Coming Events: 24th Annual Meeting, Munich

71. Thyroid Disorders A short frequently asked questions from the National Women's Health Information Center.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Endocrine Disorders thyroid...... keywords. thyroid DISORDERS. Printerfriendly version PDF file,169 Kb. What is the thyroid and why should I worry about it? The http://www.4woman.gov/faq/thyroid_disease.htm

Search our database by Health Topic or enter your own keywords THYROID DISORDERS Printer-friendly version PDF file, 169 Kb] What is the thyroid and why should I worry about it? What are the different types of thyroid disorders? What are the signs of a thyroid disorder? How are thyroid disorders treated? ... Hashimoto's Disease What is the thyroid and why should I worry about it? The thyroid is a small gland in the neck, just under the Adam's apple. Shaped like a butterfly, the thyroid plays an important role in a person's health and affects every organ, tissue, and cell in the body. It makes hormones that help to regulate the body's metabolism (how the body uses and stores energy from foods eaten) and organ functions. When the thyroid is not working properly (called thyroid disorder ), it can affect your body weight, energy level, muscle strength, skin health, menstrual cycle (periods), memory, heart rate, and cholesterol level. Thyroid disorders happen: when the thyroid gland is not as active as it should be (called underactive thyroid ); when the thyroid is more active than it should be (called

72. Hypertyreos Information om sjukdomen p¥ thyroid.nu. http://thyroid.nu/content.asp?ArtID=6&CatID=3

73. Imaging Of The Thyroid Gland. Includes sonography, scintiscanning, pathology, rxgraphy, computer tomography, magnetic resonance, Category Health Conditions and Diseases Endocrine Disorders thyroid......Imaging of the thyroid gland sonography, scintiscanning, pathology, radiography,computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, surgery. http://www.thyroidimaging.com/

imaging of the thyroid gland Pictures Scintiscanning Rxgraphy Ultrasonography ... ssage: g.perrella@thyroidimaging.com We subscribe to the HONcode principles. Verify here. Last update:

74. Www.perfectthyroid.com/ Similar pages Hanford thyroid Disease StudyPublic Health Sciences Hanford thyroid Disease Study Hanford thyroidDisease Study. The Hanford thyroid Disease Study (HTDS) Final http://www.perfectthyroid.com/

75. Menopause Consultant; Menopause: Let's Talk About It With Pat Rackowski Articles on sexual desire in menopause, taking natural progesterone, thyroid and menopause, monthly advice, list of menopause doctors. http://www.menopause-consultant.com

Are you confused about menopause? Would you like some help? Pat Rackowski She can help you understand your alternatives and prepare a positive approach to menopause. Pat is a massage therapist and former teacher who has studied menopause to help herself, and in the process she learned so much she decided to share it. She has developed four original workshops about menopause which she presents around the Boston area. She is also available for talks at church groups, bookstores, hair salonswherever women get together. If you want to talk about menopause, we can meet at your houseinvite your friends! Pat's Articles Taking Natural Progesterone You CAN Take HRT Without Side Effects! Sexual Desire in Menopause How to Regulate Your Menstrual Cycle with Herbs ... Solving the Mystery of Hormone Balance: Experimenting with Minerals Guest Articles Hypothyroidism at Midlife by Dr. Kenneth Blanchard Change at Midlife: Menopause and the Female Soul by Linda Marks Hormones and Heart Disease: Medical Bias Disregards Best Evidence by Vicki Meyer, Ph.D. Features Looking for a Doctor?

76. American Thyroid Clinic, A Thyroid Cancer, Thyroid Tumor, Thyroid Disease; Oral Offers care of all surgical cancers of the head and neck including thyroid cancer. Offers center Category Regional North America Cancer......thyroid, thyroid cancer, thyroid tumors, thyroid disease, other head and necktumors and cancer, parathyroid, parotid, lip, larynx, tongue, oral cavity http://www.thyroidcancer.com/

Thousands of thyroid operations performed with almost 30 years of thyroid surgery experience. To contact the Thyroid Surgery Center of Texas Telephone (512) 608.9595 Fax (512) 608.9833 Postal Address 1927 Lohmans Crossing Road, Suite 201 Austin, Texas 78734 Back to Top Last modified: December 28, 2002 The information contained in this web site is for educational purposes only and is not intended for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease. It should not be used as a substitute for medical care. The American Thyroid Clinic website is brought to you by: The Thyroid Surgery Center of Texas, The Towers of Lakeway, Suite 201 1927 Lohmans Crossing Road, Austin, Texas 78734 TEL: (512) 608.9595 FAX: (512) 608.9833 Thank you for visiting the American Thyroid Clinic Website. You are visitor #

77. THYROID DISEASE thyroid DISEASE Ed Friedlander, MD, Pathologist erf@uhs.edu. QUIZBANK Endocrine(It's impossible to separate pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, etc. http://www.pathguy.com/lectures/thyroid.htm

THYROID DISEASE Ed Friedlander, M.D., Pathologist erf@uhs.edu Cyberfriends: The help you're looking for is probably here. Welcome to Ed's Pathology Notes, placed here originally for the convenience of medical students at my school. You need to check the accuracy of any information, from any source, against other credible sources. I cannot diagnose or treat over the web, I cannot comment on the health care you have already received, and these notes cannot substitute for your own doctor's care. I am good at helping people find resources and answers. If you need me, send me an E-mail at erf@uhs.edu Your confidentiality is completely respected. Allan N. Spreen MD also handles internet questions at no charge, with a primary focus on nutrition. Dr. Spreen is also my former student and my close friend. DoctorGeorge.com is a larger, full-time service. There is also a fee site at myphysicians.com , and another at www.afraidtoask.com Translate this page automatically With one of four large boxes of "Pathguy" replies. I'm still doing my best to answer everybody. Sometimes I get backlogged, sometimes my E-mail crashes, and sometimes my literature search software crashes. If you've not heard from me in a week, post me again. I send my most challenging questions to the medical student pathology interest group, minus the name, but with your E-mail where you can receive a reply.

78. RxMed: Pharmaceutical Information - ELTROXIN Product information for Glaxo Wellcome's brand of levothyroxine sodium, a synthetic hormone used in thyroid replacement therapy. http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS- Monographs/CP

ELTROXIN® Glaxo Wellcome Levothyroxine Sodium Hypothyroidism Therapy Action And Clinical Pharmacology: Levothyroxine sodium is the monosodium salt of the levorotatory isomer of thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine), the principal hormone secreted by the normal thyroid gland. Pharmacokinetics: Following oral administration, the absorption of levothyroxine is incomplete and variable (50 to 75%), especially when taken with food. Once absorbed, synthetic levothyroxine is indistinguishable from the endogenous hormone. Levothyroxine is nearly totally bound to serum proteins and has an elimination half-life of 6 to 7 days in the euthyroid subject. Half-life is shortened in hyperthyroidism and prolonged in hypothyroidism and in pregnancy. Deiodination of levothyroxine (T4) to 1-triiodothyronine (T3) occurs in various tissues, particularly liver and kidney. T3 is approximately 4 times as potent as T4 on a weight basis. The mechanism of action of thyroid hormones is not completely understood. The principle effect is to increase the metabolic rate of body tissues. Thyroid hormones have both catabolic and anabolic effects, and are therefore involved in normal metabolism, growth, and development, especially the development of the CNS in infancy. Indications And Clinical Uses: Specific hormonal replacement therapy in the presence of hypothyroidism of any etiology.

79. Thyroid: Health And Medical Information About Thyroid Disease, Hypothyroidism, H An in depth look at the this gland and its role in preserving health. http://www.aboutyourthyroid.com/

MedicineNet Home FocusOn Thyroid FocusOn Thyroid Medical Information on Thyroid Conditions Myxedema Coma Hyperthyroidism and Pregnancy Hyperthyroidism...The Heart of the Matter Doctor's Views Library ... Content Licensing Allergies Alzheimer's Arthritis Asthma Blood Pressure Cancer Cholesterol Chronic Pain Crohn's Disease Depression Diabetes Dictionary Digestion Eyesight First Aid Healthy Kids Heart Hepatitis C HIV Liver Lung Cond. Medications Menopause Men's Health Migraine Osteoporosis Rheum. Arthritis Senior Health Skin Sleep Thyroid Urology Weight Mgmt. Women's Health 650+ More Topics Find a Therapist by Psychology Today 10 Questions To Ask Your Doctor Medications ... Free Newsletters April 11, 2003 Information on this web site is provided for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. You should not use the information on this web site for diagnosing or treating a medical or health condition. You should carefully read all product packaging. If you have or suspect you have a medical problem, promptly contact your professional healthcare provider. Statements and information regarding dietary supplements have not been evaluated or approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Please consult your healthcare provider before beginning any course of supplementation or treatment.

80. Thyroid Disease And The Eye The American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS). Information about Category Health Conditions and Diseases Graves Disease......thyroid Disease and the Eye Graves' disease, a condition in which the thyroid glandis hyperactive, is rarely a lifethreatening condition. The thyroid Gland. http://www.asoprs.org/thyroid.html

Thyroid Disease and the Eye Graves' disease, a condition in which the thyroid gland is hyperactive, is rarely a life-threatening condition. Although Graves' disease may develop at any age and in either sex, it most often affects women 20 to 60 years old. The disease can affect the thyroid gland, eyes, and skin. Unfortunately, the cause of Graves' disease is unknown. Current research, however, suggests that a defect in the immune system may be the underlying cause of the disorder. Normally, the immune system uses antibodies (protein substances that the body makes) to help protect itself against viruses, bacteria, and foreign substances (antigens) that invade the body. In Graves' disease the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, eyes, and skin of the lower legs causing the disease's symptoms. The Thyroid Gland The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located just in front and on each side of the windpipe just above the breast bone. The gland releases chemical messengers called hormones into the blood. These hormones influence body processes such as: Rate of metabolism Body temperature Muscle tone and vigor Growth hormone secretions Normally thyroid activity is directed by the pituitary gland. In Graves' disease the thyroid is instead driven by an antibody. This antibody triggers the thyroid to become overactive and produce more hormones than the body needs. Symptoms of this overactivity, called hyperthyroidism, may include:

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